L

  • Labeling of brand extensions, 409

  • Lacoste, 462463

  • Laddering, 6364

  • Lane, V. R., 353, 438

  • Lane, Vicki R., 439

  • Lanham Act (1946), 35

  • LaPointe, Pat, 280

  • Las Vegas (branding of place), 20

  • Lauterborn, Robert F., 152

  • Lawson, Robert, 432

  • Leadership, brand leadership factors, 2324

  • Learning advantages, 46

  • Lee, Yih Hwai, 510

  • Legal branding considerations, 143145
    • counterfeit and imitator brands, 144

    • historical and legal precedence, 144

    • names, 144145

    • packaging, 145

    • trademark issues, 144145

  • Legal environment, 490

  • Lego, 211

  • Lehmann, Donald R., 341342

  • Lemon, Katherine, 107108

  • Lenova, 514

  • Leveraging process. See also Secondary brand associations
    • existing brand knowledge, 233234

    • global marketing, 487

    • guidelines for, 234235

    • leveraging another entity, 60

    • new brand associations, 233

  • Levi Strauss & Company, 178179, 425, 439, 509

  • Levin, Aron M., 245

  • Levin, Irwin P., 245

  • Levy, Keith, 197

  • Levy, Sidney J., 268

  • Licensing, 247250
    • advantages/disadvantages of, 243

    • corporate trademark licensing, 250

    • entertainment licensing, 249

    • guidelines for, 250

    • merchandising licensing, 247249

  • Likeability, 115

  • Line extension, 364, 411

  • Line extension trap, 416

  • Liz Claiborne, 341

  • L.L. Bean, 385

  • Logos and symbols, 3, 18, 127128

  • Loken, Barbara, 436, 437, 438

  • L’Oréal, 409410, 487

  • Louviere, Jordan, 342

  • Love/passion, 323

  • Low-end entry-level brand, 367

  • Low-involvement decisions, 46

  • Low-priced competitors, 28

  • Loyalty, 318

  • Loyalty ladder, 318

  • Loyalty programs, 161162

  • Luxury branding, 86

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