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Part I The Certified Technology Specialist and the CTS Exam
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Part I The Certified Technology Specialist and the CTS Exam
by Andy Ciddor, AVIXA Inc.
CTS Certified Technology Specialist Exam Guide, Third Edition, 3rd Edition
Cover
About the Author
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Part I The Certified Technology Specialist and the CTS Exam
Chapter 1 What Is a Certified Technology Specialist?
What Does a CTS Do?
Why Earn Your CTS?
The Purpose of the CTS Exam
Are You Eligible for the CTS Exam?
The CTS Exam Application Process
Chapter Review
Chapter 2 The CTS Exam
The Scope of the CTS Exam
The CTS Exam Over Time
Studying for the Exam
Sample CTS Exam Questions
Question-Evaluation Strategies
What to Expect on Exam Day
Identification Requirements
Data Retention Policy
Items Restricted from the Exam Room
The Exam
Chapter Review
Part II Essentials of AV Technology
What Is an AV System?
AV System Goals
Chapter 3 Analog and Digital Signals
Analog and Digital Waveforms
Digital Signal Basics
Digital Signal Processing and Sampling
Bit Depth of a Digital Signal
Bit Rate
Signal Compression
Digital Media Formats
Noise and Signal Transmission
Analog and Digital Signal Considerations
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 4 Audio Systems
Sound Waves
Wavelength
Frequency
Bands and Octaves
Harmonics
Logarithms
Decibels
The Inverse Square Law and Sound
Digital Audio
Digitizing Analog Audio
Digital Audio Compression
Digital Audio Network Protocols
Acoustics
Reflected Sound Energy
Reverberation
Absorption
Transmission
Ambient Noise
Sound Capture
Microphones
Audio Signal Levels
Audio Devices
Loudspeakers
Audio Signal-Level Monitoring
Examples of Audio System Applications
Sound Reinforcement or PA
Mix-Minus
Intercom and Paging Systems
Playback Systems
Audioconferencing and Audio for Videoconferencing
Sound Masking
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 5 Video Systems
Light
Units of Light Measure
Inverse Square Law and Light
Color
Color Vision
Color Temperature
Color Rendering Index
Ambient Light
Image Capture
Camera and Focus
Video Signals
Digital Signals
Producing an Image
Display and Projection Technology
Flat-Panel Display Technologies
Positioning a Display Within a Room
Aspect Ratio
The Projected Image
Projector Optics
Video Projection Technologies
Front Projection and Rear Projection
Screens
Perceived Quality
Viewer Placement
Throw Distance
Keystone Error and Correction
Digital Display Alignment
Projection System Brightness
Brightness and Contrast Adjustments
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 6 Networks
Types of Networks
Network Topology
Star Topology
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
Ethernet
Ethernet Connections
Fiber-Optic Connections
Wireless Connections
The OSI Reference Model
The TCP/IP Networking Model
Network Interface Cards and MAC Addresses
Internet Protocol Addressing
IPv4
IPv6
Subnet Masks
Static IP Addressing
Dynamic IP Addressing
The Domain Name System
Network Switches and Routers
Network Switches
Routers
Gateways
Bridges
Network Security
Network Access Control
Firewalls
Navigating Firewalls
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 7 Signal-Management Systems
Wire and Cable
Conductors
Insulation
Shields
Jackets
Cable Types
Coax Cable
Twisted-Pair Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
Connectors
Signal Integrity
Distance Limits
Switchers
Switcher Ins and Outs
Switcher Types
Distribution Amplifiers
Rack-Building Considerations
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 8 Control Systems
Control System Functions
Control System Components and Interfaces
Control Signals
Types of Control Systems
Contact-Closure Control
Variable-Voltage Control
Infrared (IR) Control
Serial Digital Control
Radio-Frequency (RF) Control
Networked Control Systems
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 9 Electrical Systems
Electrical Basics
Potential Difference and Current
Resistance and Impedance
Power
Ohm’s Law
Electrical Circuits
Safety Grounding (Earthing)
Isolated Grounding
Electrical Power and Distribution
Technical Power
Electrical Safety
Fixed Installations
Temporary Installations
General Precautions
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 10 Wireless Radio Systems
Radio, Wireless, and RF
Transmitting and Receiving Radio Waves
Transmission Paths
Allocation of Radio Frequencies
Antennas
Antenna Orientation
Parabolic Antennas
Vertical Antennas
Diversity Systems
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Part III Creating AV Solutions
Chapter 11 Gathering Customer Information
Communicating with Clients
Obtaining Client Contact Information
Face-to-Face Communication
Speaking on the Phone
Business Writing
Obtaining Information About Client Needs
Conducting Initial Meetings with the Client and End Users
Conducting a Needs Analysis
Benchmarking
Obtaining Drawings of the Customer Space
Obtaining Information About Constraints
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 12 Conducting a Site Survey
Health and Safety Requirements at a Work Site
Safety Regulations
Safety Equipment
Gathering General Site Information
Interpreting Site Layout Drawings
Drawing Views
Title Blocks and Drawing Schedules
Drawing Dates
Drawing Scales
Common Architectural Drawing Abbreviations
Architectural Drawing Symbols
Converting Measurements
Calculating Area and Volume
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 13 Evaluating a Site Environment
Identifying the Needs of the Space
Types of Spaces
General Room Features and Characteristics
The Technical Functions of a Space
Functions of Associated Spaces
Assessing the Environment of the Space
Assessing the Acoustic Environment
Assessing the Visual Environment
Assessing Room Lighting
Assessing Services
Assessing Electric Power Availability
Assessing Data System Capabilities
Identifying Cable Access Locations
Assessing HVAC Components
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 14 Recommending Changes to the Site Environment
Addressing Environment Issues in the Space
Acoustic Issues
Sightline Issues
Ambient and Artificial Lighting Issues
Furniture and Room Finish Issues
Addressing Building Environment Issues
Building Services Issues
Building Structure and Substructure Issues
Building Regulation Issues
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 15 Developing an AV Project Scope
Compiling Information for the Functional AV System Scope
Needs Determine Applications
Form Follows Function
Gathering Information About Facilities
Conducting Project Planning and Coordination Meetings
Documenting the Functional AV Scope with the Concept Design/Program Report
Objectives of the Concept Design/Program Report
Contents of the Report
Presenting the Report to the Client
Distributing the Report
Preparing for the Client Presentation
Conducting the Client Presentation
Report Approval and Next Steps
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 16 Designing AV Solutions
Designing the Display System
Determining the Display System’s Purpose
Identifying the Display Devices
Identifying Monitoring, Feed, and Recording Requirements
Identifying the Display Signal Sources
Identifying Switching and Distribution Components
Addressing Video Signal Issues
Adding Processing and Conversion
Designing the Audio System
Identifying the Audio System’s Purpose
Addressing the Three Parameters for an Audio System
Identifying the Audio Sources
Identifying the Audio Destinations
Meeting Mixing and Amplification Requirements
Adding Processing and Conversion
Considering Power Amplifiers and Loudspeaker Wiring
Calculating Power Required at the Loudspeaker
Designing Control Systems
Defining the Control System
Integrating with IT Networks
Network Considerations for AV Systems
Planning for Networked AV Systems
Assessing Network Readiness for AV Systems
Providing System Design Documentation
System Drawings
Bill of Materials
Other Design Considerations
Future Provisions
Value Engineering
Design and Measurement Tools
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Part IV Implementing AV Solutions
Chapter 17 Integrating AV Solutions
Installing AV Equipment and Systems
Preparing for the Installation
Job Site Safety Concerns
Cable Termination
Rack Building
Cable Handling and Pulling
Mounting AV Components
Setting Up and Configuring AV Control Systems
Termination for Control Systems
Assembling the Control System
Using Control System Software
Testing and Installing the Control System
Final Control System Testing
Configuring Networked AV Systems
Subnetting
VLANs
VPNs
IP Addressing
Producing AV Events
Preparing for the Event
Loading and Unloading a Truck
Setting Up Equipment
Supporting AV Systems
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 18 Operating AV Solutions
Verifying That AV Equipment Is Operating Properly
AudioVisual Systems Performance Verification
The AV Systems Performance Verification Process
Checking Signal Flow
Providing Support, Training, and Documentation
Briefing the Client on AV System Operation
Training Users and Support Staff
Documenting How to Operate the AV System
Documenting the AV Systems Themselves
Documenting Preventive Maintenance
Striking from an Event
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 19 Managing an AV Project
Managing Project Activities and Resources
Creating a Work Breakdown Structure
Creating a Logic Network for Coordinating Resources
Managing the Project Budget
Monitoring Work at the Client Site
Coordinating Project Activities
Holding a Project Kickoff Meeting
Attending Project Status Meetings
Creating Project Schedules
Coordinating AV Work with Other Trades
Providing Project Documentation
Information-Related Documents
Change Documentation
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Part V Servicing AV Solutions
Chapter 20 Maintaining AV Operations
Working with Vendors, Suppliers, and Customers
Managing Levels of Stock and Materials
Ensuring the Security of Equipment and Supplies
Hiring Security Guards
Deterring Theft
Keeping Up-to-Date Equipment Records
Maintaining the Professional Skills and Knowledge of Your Staff
Resources for AV Staff
Training
Monitoring Client Sites
Conducting Administrative Work
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 21 Conducting Maintenance Activities
Maintaining AV Systems and Components
Maintenance Warranties and Agreements
Performing AV System Maintenance
AV System Testing Equipment
Documenting Maintenance Activities
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Chapter 22 Troubleshooting and Repairing AV Solutions
Preparing to Troubleshoot
An Overview of the Troubleshooting Process
Recognizing Symptoms and Elaborating on Them
Selecting a Strategy
A Troubleshooting Scenario
An Overview of the Repair and Restoration Process
Addressing Common AV System Problems
AV Problems and Solutions
Basic Network Troubleshooting Tools
Maintenance and Repair Records
Billing for Repair Activities
Chapter Review
Review Questions
Answers
Part VI Appendixes
Appendix A Future Trends in AV
It’s a Brave New World
Even Higher Resolution
Next-Generation Projection
The Humble LED and Flexible Screens
Wireless Connectivity
AI and Machine Learning
Sound That’s All Around
AV Over IT Networks
Looking Ahead
Appendix B AVIXA Standards
Published Standards, Recommended Practices, and Technical Reports
Standards in Development
Appendix C AV Math
Using the Proper Order of Operations
Steps to Solving Word Problems
Step 1: Understand the Problem
Step 2: Create a Plan
Step 3: Execute Your Plan
Step 4: Check Your Answer
Rounding
AV Math Formulas
Appendix D About the Online Content
System Requirements
Your Total Seminars Training Hub Account
Privacy Notice
Single User License Terms and Conditions
TotalTester Online
Technical Support
Appendix E AV Technology Image Library
Glossary
Index
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Acknowledgments
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Chapter 1 What Is a Certified Technology Specialist?
PART I
The Certified Technology Specialist and the CTS Exam
Chapter 1
What Is a Certified Technology Specialist?
Chapter 2
The CTS Exam
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