Index

A note on the digital index

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Symbols

128-bit VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) processors, Wait States
68000-series computers, Schematics
address spaces, Address Decoding
address strobe, The 68000 Architecture, The 68000 Architecture
architecture, 68000-Series Computers
basic timing diagram for 68000 memory access, The 68000 Architecture
Bus Error, The 68000 Architecture, Address Decoder
Bus Grant, The 68000 Architecture
Bus Request, The 68000 Architecture
data strobes, The 68000 Architecture, The 68000 Architecture
Data Transfer Acknowledge, The 68000 Architecture
Data Transfer Acknowledge input, The 68000 Architecture
function code outputs, The 68000 Architecture, Address Decoder
gnu development suite, 68000-Series Computers
interrupt inputs, The 68000 Architecture
MC6800 block diagram and pinout, The 68000 Architecture
memory map, Address Decoding
MODE pin, The 68000 Architecture
modes of operation, The 68000 Architecture
processor’s clock, Address Decoder
reset circuit, A Simple 68000-Based Computer
simple, A Simple 68000-Based Computer
address decoder, A Simple 68000-Based Computer
I/O, I/O
memory, Memory
reset circuit, A Simple 68000-Based Computer
wait states, Wait States
683xx series, 68000-Series Computers
68EZ328 DragonBall processor, The 68000 Architecture
74HCT04, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
74HCT138 decoder, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
74HCT139, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
decoder, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
74HCT573 latch, Memory Maps and Address Decoding, Banked memory
8051 processor speed and efficiency comparison, The AVR Architecture

A

Absolute Maximum Ratings, Absolute Maximum Ratings
absolute pressure sensor, Pressure Sensors, Pressure Sensors
AC adaptors, The Stuff Out of the Wall
AC characteristics, AC Characteristics and Timing
AC component of analog signal, Power
AC voltage, Resistors
accelerometers, Accelerometer
accumulators, Registers, Coding in Assembly
active low, Reading Schematics
AD22100, Temperature Sensor
AD22103, Temperature Sensor
AD22151, Magnetic-Field Sensor
AD5203 digital potentiometer, SPI-Based Digital Potentiometer
AD623, Amplifying the Light Sensor
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), Analog to Digital Conversion
flash, Analog to Digital Conversion
for sensor applications, Interfacing an External ADC
integrating, Analog to Digital Conversion
interfacing external, Interfacing an External ADC
interfacing temperature sensor to, Temperature Sensor
parallel, Analog to Digital Conversion
reference voltage, Analog to Digital Conversion
resolution, Analog to Digital Conversion
ADC (continued)
sample rates, Sample Rates
Nyquist frequency, Sample Rates
successive approximation, Analog to Digital Conversion
address bus, Buses
address decoder, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
address decoding, Buses
explicit, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
partial, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
address map, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
address space, Basic System Architecture
addressing modes, Addressing Modes
direct, Addressing Modes
extended, Big-Endian and Little-Endian Addressing
relative, Addressing Modes
ADXL150, Accelerometer
ADXL250, Accelerometer
Agilent, Introduction to IrDA
Altera, PALs
Alternating Current (AC), Resistors
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), Processor operation
Amperes (Amps), Voltage and Current
amplifiers, Analog
CMRR, Amplifiers
differential, Amplifiers
distortion, Amplifiers
feedback, Amplifiers
frequency response of a circuit, Amplifiers
gain, Amplifiers
inverting, Amplifiers
non-inverting, Analog to Digital Conversion
non-inverting input, Amplifiers
op amps, Amplifiers
operational, Amplifiers
rail-to-rail operation, Amplifiers
roll off, Amplifiers
THD, Amplifiers
Analog Devices, Temperature Sensor, DSP-Based Controllers
Analog Devices SHARC, DSP-Based Controllers
analog signals, Analog Signals
analog to digital conversion, Analog to Digital Conversion
Analog-Digital Converters (ADCs), Regulators
Apple Macintosh and Forth, Introducing Forth
appliance IR protocols and programming, Other Infrared Devices
application software, Processors
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), ALU
assemblers, Assembly Language
assembly language, Assembly Language
comparison of different languages, Signed Numbers
overview, Embedded Computer Architecture
programming, Coding in Assembly
accumulators, Coding in Assembly
adding three numbers, Coding in Assembly
BRA instruction, Coding in Assembly
converting program into machine code, Coding in Assembly
creating subroutine, Coding in Assembly
disassembly, Disassembly
indexed addressing, Indexed Addressing
JMP instruction, Coding in Assembly
labels, Coding in Assembly
loops, Loops
masking, Masking
org assembler directive, Coding in Assembly
position-independent code, Position-Independent Code
stacks, Stacks
timing of instructions, Timing of Instructions
registers, Registers
signed numbers, Signed Numbers
Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapters (ACIAs), UARTs
asynchronous processor, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
AT25640 schematic, Adding a Parameter Memory Using SPI
AT45DB161, Adding Nonvolatile Data Memory with SPI
downsides to, Adding Nonvolatile Data Memory with SPI
AT90S4434, Concepts
AT90S8515
ALE, Timing Analysis
banked memory implementation, Banked memory
bus signals, Bus Signals
memory cycle, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
timing diagrams, Bus Signals
AT90S8515 AVR with Ethernet interface, Ethernet
AT90S8535, A Bigger AVR
Atari ST, 68000-Series Computers
Atmel 90S4434, Adding Nonvolatile Data Memory with SPI
Atmel AT76C711, Implementing a USB Interface
Atmel AT90S8535, A Bigger AVR
Atmel Corporation, The AVR Architecture
ATtiny15, The AVR Architecture
adding status LEDs, Adding a Status LED
clock circuit, The ATtiny15 Processor
oscillator, The ATtiny15 Processor
switching analog signals, Switching Analog Signals
Audio class (USB), USB Packets
AVR computer, creating simple circuit board for, Laying Out a PCB
AVR processors, The AVR Microcontrollers
architecture, The AVR Architecture
families, The AVR Architecture
AT90xxxx family, The AVR Architecture
ATmega family, The AVR Architecture
Atmel AT90S8535, A Bigger AVR
ATtiny family, The AVR Architecture
AVR-based dataloggers, AVR-Based Datalogger
bigger, A Bigger AVR
brownout detector (BOD), The ATtiny15 Processor
downloading code, Downloading Code
bootloader program and, A Bigger AVR
FPGAs, The AVR Architecture
modifying program memory with SPM (Store Program Memory) instruction, A Bigger AVR
processor speed and efficiency comparison, The AVR Architecture
versus PIC processors, The AVR Architecture

B

balanced transmission, RS-422
ball-grid array (BGA) packaged chips, Soldering
banked memory, Memory Management, Page mapping
AT90S8515 AVR system, Banked memory
barrel shifters, Digital Signal Processors
batteries, Batteries
bionic ear, DSP-Based Controllers
bipolar components, Capacitors
bipolar signal, Analog Signals
bird’s nest, Quick Construction
bit-misalignment error, UARTs
bit-organized scheme (memory chips), Memory
blocking capacitor, RC Circuits
bootloader, Concepts
downloading code, A Bigger AVR
Bosch and CAN, Controller Area Network (CAN)
boundary scan, JTAG
boundary-scan functionality, JTAG
breadboarding, Breadboarding
brownout detector (BOD), The ATtiny15 Processor
brownouts, Regulators
building hardware
adding processor, Building It
debugging, Some Thoughts on Debugging
faulty serial-port, Some Thoughts on Debugging
oscilloscope, Some Thoughts on Debugging
JTAG port, JTAG
multimeter, Building It
powering up first time, Building It
quick construction, Quick Construction
tools, Tools
construction, Construction Tools
development kits, Tools
ICE, In-Circuit Emulators
measurement tools, Measurement Tools
multimeter, Measurement Tools
oscilloscope, Measurement Tools, Measurement Tools
wirewrapping, Wirewrapping
bus enumeration, Introduction to USB
bus interfacing AVR processors, Bus Interfacing
AT90S8515
ALE, Timing Analysis
memory cycle, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
timing diagrams, Bus Signals
PALs
advantages for using, Timing Analysis
configuring, PALs
bus-powered devices, Physical Interface
buses, types of, Buses
busy waiting, Hardware interrupts

C

caches, RAM
CAD libraries and PCBs, Printed-Circuit Boards
CAN (Controller Area Network), Controller Area Network (CAN)
Bosch, Controller Area Network (CAN)
driver, Controller Area Network (CAN)
DSP56805, Controller Area Network (CAN), Controller Area Network (CAN)
packets, Controller Area Network (CAN)
standard, Controller Area Network (CAN)
capacitive coupling, Keep the Power Smooth
capacitors, Capacitors
blocking, RC Circuits
ceramic, Types of Capacitors
decoupling, Keep the Power Smooth, Keep the Power Smooth
decoupling AC and DC components of voltage source, Types of Capacitors
electrolytics, Types of Capacitors
regulators and, Regulators
tantalum, RC Circuits
CAT computer, 68000-Series Computers
CCR (Condition Code Register), Machine Code, Loops
charge pumps, Regulators, Regulators
chip enable, Reading Schematics
chip select, Reading Schematics
Chip/smart card interface devices (CCID) class (USB), USB Packets
circuit, Voltage and Current
Cirrus Logic, Adding an Ethernet Interface
CISC processors, CISC and RISC
versus RISC processors, Digital Signal Processors
clock phase one/zero, Serial Peripheral Interface
clock speed, Clocks and Oscillators
clocks, Power versus speed
coarsely grained machine, Parallel and Distributed Computers
codec (COder DECoder), Analog to Digital Conversion
CodeWarrior C compiler, JTAG
cold weld, Wirewrapping
ColdFire series of processors, The 68000 Architecture
Commodore Amiga, 68000-Series Computers
Common class (CCS) class (USB), USB Packets
common-mode rejection, RS-422
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), Analog to Digital Conversion
Communications device class (USB), USB Packets
computer architecture, An Introduction to Computer Architecture
concepts, An Introduction to Computer Architecture
conductors, Voltage and Current
Connection Machine (CM-1), SIMD computers
control bus, Buses
control registers, Registers
conversion from parallel to serial format, UARTs
CP1600 processor, A Tale of Two Processors
CPU (Central Processing Unit), Basic System Architecture
CRC algorithm, Old Faithful: RS-232C
crossbar switch, MIMD computers
crosstalk, Minimize the Current Loop Area
Crystal Semiconductor, Adding an Ethernet Interface
crystals, Crystals
CS8900A, Adding an Ethernet Interface
block diagram of implementation, Adding an Ethernet Interface
chip-select input, Adding an Ethernet Interface
default setting for, Adding an Ethernet Interface
interrupt, Adding an Ethernet Interface
RESET, Adding an Ethernet Interface
CTS (Clear To Send), Shake Hands
current, Voltage and Current, Voltage and Current
minimizing current loop area, Minimize the Current Loop Area
sinking, Digital Signals
sourcing, Digital Signals
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) algorithm, Old Faithful: RS-232C

D

DAC, Analog to Digital Conversion
DACs (Digital to Analog Converter), Digital to Analog Conversion
data bus, Buses
data-chaining transfers (DMA), DMA
DC component of analog signal, Power
DC electrical characteristics, DC Characteristics
input capacitance, DC Characteristics
output low voltage, DC Characteristics
sleep current, DC Characteristics
supply current, DC Characteristics
DC operation, Clocks and Oscillators
DC voltage, Resistors
DC-DC converters, Regulators
debugging
embedded hardware, Forth, Interacting with Hardware and Memory
embedded systems, Measurement Tools
faulty serial-port, Some Thoughts on Debugging
hardware, Add in the Processor
decoupling capacitors, MAX603/MAX604 Regulators, Keep the Power Smooth, Keep the Power Smooth
demand-mode transfers (DMA), DMA
descriptors and data-chaining transfers, DMA
development kits, Tools
differential amplifier, Amplifiers
differential pair, RS-422
differential sensor, Pressure Sensors
Digital Command Control (DCC), Motor Control with a PIC
digital potentiometer, SPI-Based Digital Potentiometer
digital signals, Digital Signals
diodes, Diodes
anode, Diodes
cathode, Diodes
hot-carrier, Diodes
LED, Diodes
Schottky, Diodes, MAX724 Regulator
Zener, Diodes
DIP-based PIC processor, Motor Control with a PIC
direct addressing, Addressing Modes
Direct Current (DC), Resistors
disassembly, Disassembly
distortion of the amplifier, Amplifiers
distributed machine, Embedded Computer Architecture
DMA (Direct Memory Access), DMA
support for, DMA
types of, DMA
DRAM (dynamic RAM) chip, Memory
DS1305 Real-Time Clock (RTC), SPI-Based Clock/Calendar
crystal inputs, SPI-Based Clock/Calendar
input VCCif, SPI-Based Digital Potentiometer
interrupt outputs, SPI-Based Clock/Calendar
power-supply inputs, SPI-Based Clock/Calendar
RAM, SPI-Based Clock/Calendar
using rechargeable battery, SPI-Based Clock/Calendar
DSP56000 series, DSP-Based Controllers
DSP56800 series, The DSP56800
Address Generation Unit (AGU), The DSP56800
Bit-Manipulation Unit, The DSP56800
CAN networking module, A DSP56805-Based Computer
Data ALU, The DSP56800
DO and REP instructions, The DSP56800
DSP56805, DSP-Based Controllers, The DSP56800
DSP56805-based computer, A DSP56805-Based Computer
booting, Reset and Interrupts
EXTBOOT, Reset and Interrupts
external interrupt sources, Reset and Interrupts
external memory, External Memory
interfacing to data SRAM, External Memory
JTAG port, JTAG
oscillator, Oscillator
in-built peripherals, A DSP56805-Based Computer
JTAG port, The DSP56800
Program Controller, The DSP56800
PWM units, A DSP56805-Based Computer
quadrature decoders, The DSP56800
SCIs, A DSP56805-Based Computer
SPI ports, The DSP56800
Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI), A DSP56805-Based Computer
timers, The DSP56800
DSP56805, Controller Area Network (CAN), Controller Area Network (CAN)
dsPIC architecture, A Tale of Two Processors
dsPIC processor, DSP-Based Controllers
DSPs (Digital Signal Processors)
manufacturers of, DSP-Based Controllers
dynamic operation, Clocks and Oscillators
dynamic resistance, Diodes

E

EDA (Electronic Design Automation) software, Printed-Circuit Boards
EEPROM (Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEROM
EEROM (Electrically-Erasable Read-Only Memory), EEROM
electrical noise and interference, Electrical Noise and Interference
decoupling capacitors, Keep the Power Smooth, Keep the Power Smooth
ESD, How to Destroy a Computer Without Really Trying
ground bounce, Keep the Power Smooth
ground loop, Keep the Power Smooth
electrical specifications, Some Thoughts on Debugging
electrolytics, Types of Capacitors
electronics, Electronics 101
analog signals, Analog Signals
clocks, Power versus speed
crystals, Crystals
digital signals, Digital Signals
diodes, Diodes
electrical characteristics, Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings, Absolute Maximum Ratings
timing diagram, AC Characteristics and Timing
importance of reading datasheet, The Importance of Reading the Datasheet
inductors, Inductors
logic gates, Logic Gates
oscillators, Power versus speed
power, Power
RC circuits, RC Circuits
transformers, Transformers
voltage
common operating, Digital Signals
voltage and current, Voltage and Current
electrons, Voltage and Current
electrostatic discharge (ESD), How to Destroy a Computer Without Really Trying
embedded computer architecture, Embedded Computer Architecture
GPIO, Embedded Computer Architecture
large-scale embedded systems, Embedded Computer Architecture
microcontrollers, Embedded Computer Architecture
smaller embedded systems, Embedded Computer Architecture
embedded computer, defined, Acknowledgments
embedded hardware
debugging, Measurement Tools
Forth, Data Structures
EnDec (Encoder Decoder), An IrDA Interface
Engineering Change Orders (ECOs), Reading Schematics
ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance), MAX724 Regulator
Ethernet, Ethernet
AT90S8515 AVR with, Ethernet
CS8900A, Adding an Ethernet Interface
chip-select input, Adding an Ethernet Interface
default setting for, Adding an Ethernet Interface
interrupt, Adding an Ethernet Interface
RESET, Adding an Ethernet Interface
even parity, Error Detection
exceptions, Interrupts

F

Fairchild, LM78xx Regulators
fanning out tracks, Printed-Circuit Boards
Faraday shield, Minimize the Current Loop Area
fast hardware interrupt, Hardware interrupts
feedback, Amplifiers
finely grained machine, Introduction to parallel architectures
firmware, Concepts
flash ADCs, Analog to Digital Conversion
Flash memory, Flash
flow control, Shake Hands
fly-by transfer (DMA), DMA
footprint, Printed-Circuit Boards
Forth, Forth/Open Firmware
Apple Macintosh and, Introducing Forth
arguments, Introducing Forth
arithmetic operators, Introducing Forth
call, Creating New Words
colon definition, Creating New Words
comments, Comments
data structures, Data Structures
dictionary, Creating New Words
dot (.), Introducing Forth
fetch, Data Structures
gnu’s gforth, Interacting with Hardware and Memory
hello world, String Words
if ... else, if ... else
interacting with hardware and memory, Interacting with Hardware and Memory
Interpretive Pointer (IP), Creating New Words
introduction to, Introducing Forth
loops, Loops
begin ... again, Loops
conditional loops, Loops
do ... loop, Loops
leave word, Loops
NASA and, Introducing Forth
nesting, Creating New Words
next operation, Creating New Words
outputting right-justified number, Introducing Forth
outputting top stack value as unsigned number, Introducing Forth
parameter stack, Creating New Words
parentheses, Comments
programming guidelines, Forth Programming Guidelines
recursion, Creating New Words
return operation, Creating New Words
return stack, Creating New Words
Reverse Polish Notation (RPN), Introducing Forth
stack diagrams for common Forth words, Comments
stack manipulation, Stack Manipulation
store, Data Structures
threaded code, Creating New Words
unnesting, Creating New Words
variables, Interacting with Hardware and Memory
virtual machine, Creating New Words
Word Pointer (WP), Creating New Words
words
.r, Introducing Forth
.s, Stack Manipulation
accept, String Words
colon (:), Creating New Words
constant, Data Structures
cr, String Words
creating new, Creating New Words
dot (.), Stack Manipulation
drop, Stack Manipulation
dump, Interacting with Hardware and Memory
dup, Stack Manipulation
emit, String Words, Stack Manipulation
expect, String Words
key, String Words
key?, String Words
leave, Loops
nip, Stack Manipulation
over, Stack Manipulation
pick, Stack Manipulation
rot, Stack Manipulation
semicolon (, Creating New Words
status, Interacting with Hardware and Memory
string, String Words
swap, Stack Manipulation
tuck, Stack Manipulation
u., Introducing Forth
forward voltage drop, Diodes
four-wire interface, Serial Peripheral Interface
four-wire mode, RS-485
FPGAs (Field-programmable Gate Arrays), The AVR Architecture
framing error, UARTs
Freescale Semiconductor, Motor Control, DSP-Based Controllers
68HC11 series processor, Machine Code
Software Development Kit, JTAG
frequency, Analog Signals
circuit response, Amplifiers
FSR (File Select Register), A Tale of Two Processors
full duplex, RS-485

G

gain of an amplifier, Amplifiers
gauge sensor, Pressure Sensors
general call address, Overview of I2C
glue logic, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
gnu PCB editor, Printed-Circuit Boards
gnu’s gforth, Interacting with Hardware and Memory
GPIO (general-purpose I/O), Embedded Computer Architecture
ground bounce, Keep the Power Smooth
ground loop, Keep the Power Smooth
ground plane, Minimize the Current Loop Area
grounding mat, How to Destroy a Computer Without Really Trying
grounding strap, How to Destroy a Computer Without Really Trying

H

H-bridge
implementing, Motor Control
manufacturers, Motor Control
MC33186, Motor Control
states of operation, Motor Control
Hakko, Soldering
half duplex, RS-485
handshaking, Shake Hands
hardware interrupts, Hardware interrupts
hardware looping, Digital Signal Processors
hardware, building (see building hardware), Tools
Harvard architecture, Basic System Architecture
Harvard-architecture processor, Architectural Overview
HDLC (High-level Data Link Control), Introduction to IrDA
HID class (USB), USB Packets
High-level Data Link Control (HDLC), Introduction to IrDA
Hitachi HM628511H, Banked memory
HM628511H, Banked memory
holes, Voltage and Current
host, Introduction to USB
hot-carrier diodes, Crystals
hot-swapped devices, Introduction to USB
HP-SIR (Hewlett-Packard Serial Infra Red), Introduction to IrDA
HSDL-1001, An IrDA Interface
HSDL-7001, Introduction to IrDA
Hub class (USB), USB Packets
hubs, Introduction to USB

I

I/O devices, Input/Output
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) bus, Overview of I2C
adding LCDs, Adding a Small Display with I2C
extended 10-bit addressing mode, Overview of I2C
general call address, Overview of I2C
Real-Time Clock (RTC), Adding a Real-Time Clock with I2C
SCL (serial clock), Overview of I2C
SDA, Overview of I2C
START byte, Overview of I2C
ICE (In-Circuit Emulator), In-Circuit Emulators
ICP (In-Circuit Programming), EPROM
IDE (Integrated Development Environment), Development Kits
Imaging class (USB), USB Packets
impedance, Resistors
in-line assembly, Assembly Language
index registers, Registers
indexed addressing, Indexed Addressing
inductors, Inductors
Infineon Technologies, Pressure Sensors
input capacitance, RC Circuits, DC Characteristics
instruction pointer, Registers
insulators, Voltage and Current
integrating ADCs, Analog to Digital Conversion
International Rectifier, Motor Control
interrupt service routine (ISR), Hardware interrupts
interrupt vector, Interrupts
interrupt-driven I/O, DMA
interrupts, Interrupts
fast hardware, Hardware interrupts
hardware, Hardware interrupts
software, Hardware interrupts
vectored, Hardware interrupts
inverter chip, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
inverting amplifier, Amplifiers
IR LED, An IrDA Interface
IR photodiode detector, An IrDA Interface
IR transceivers, An IrDA Interface
IrCOMM, Introduction to IrDA
IrDA (Infrared Data Association), Introduction to IrDA
basic purpose, Introduction to IrDA
interface, Introduction to IrDA
standard and protocols, Introduction to IrDA
transmitter, Introduction to IrDA
users, Introduction to IrDA
IrDA class (USB), USB Packets
IrLAP (Infrared Link Access Protocol), Introduction to IrDA
IrLMP (Infrared Link Management Protocol), Introduction to IrDA
IrOBEX, Introduction to IrDA
IrPHY (IR Physical Layer) specification, Introduction to IrDA
ISP (In-System Programming), EPROM

J

JTAG port, JTAG
DSP56805, External Memory
signals, JTAG

K

keepout layer, Printed-Circuit Boards
Kirchhoff’s Current Law, Resistors, Resistors
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, Resistors
KP100, Pressure Sensors

L

Lattice Semiconductor, PALs
LCAs, PALs
LCDs, adding with I2C, Adding a Small Display with I2C
LEDs, Diodes
level shifter, Implementing an RS-232C Interface
light sensor, Light Sensor
amplifying, Amplifying the Light Sensor
linear regulators, Regulators, MAX1615 Regulator
Link Management Information Access Service (LM-IAS), Introduction to IrDA
LM-IAS (Link Management Information Access Service), Introduction to IrDA
LM78xx regulators, LM78xx Regulators
Local Area Network (LAN) interface, adding to embedded computer, Controller Area Network (CAN)
logic gates, Logic Gates
logical address, Memory Management
logical memory > physical memory, Page mapping
loops in assembly language programming, Loops
low-pass filter, RC Circuits
low-power devices, Low Power Design

M

M. S. Kennedy Corp, Motor Control
machine code, Processors, Machine Code
converting program into, Coding in Assembly
machine cycle, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
magnetic field sensor, Magnetic-Field Sensor
mask-programmable ROMs, EPROM
masking in assembly language programming, Masking
Mass storage class (USB), USB Packets
master node, RS-485
Matrix Orbital, Adding a Small Display with I2C
MAX1245, Interfacing an External ADC
clock, Interfacing an External ADC
decoupling capacitors, Interfacing an External ADC
ground pins, Interfacing an External ADC
input pin, Interfacing an External ADC
low-power mode, Interfacing an External ADC
power for, Temperature Sensor
power inputs, Interfacing an External ADC
MAX1615 regulator, MAX1615 Regulator
MAX3100, Introduction to IrDA
MAX3222, Implementing an RS-232C Interface
MAX525, Digital to Analog Conversion
analog output channels, Digital to Analog Conversion
daisy-chaining, Digital to Analog Conversion
feedback inputs, Digital to Analog Conversion
Power-Down Lockout, Digital to Analog Conversion
voltage reference inputs, Digital to Analog Conversion
MAX603/MAX604 regulators, MAX603/MAX604 Regulators
MAX724 regulator, MAX724 Regulator
MAXQ, MAXQ
architectural overview, Architectural Overview
instruction format, Architectural Overview
move instruction, Architectural Overview
schematics, Schematics
MAXQ2000F processor, Schematics
MC33186, Motor Control
states of operation, Motor Control
MC33298, Switching Big Loads
power-supply pins, Switching Big Loads
schematic, Switching Big Loads
Short Fault Protect Disable pin, Switching Big Loads
short-circuit detection and shutdown, Switching Big Loads
SPI port, Switching Big Loads
MC68HC11, Architecture of the 68HC11
accumulators, Architecture of the 68HC11
address range for the RAM, Address Decoding
address spaces, Address Decoding
architecture, 68HC11
condition code register (CCR), A Simple 68HC11-Based Computer
index registers, Architecture of the 68HC11
MODA and MODB, A Simple 68HC11-Based Computer
processor speed and efficiency comparison, The AVR Architecture
program counter (PC), A Simple 68HC11-Based Computer
registers, Architecture of the 68HC11
simple 68HC11-based computer, A Simple 68HC11-Based Computer
boot modes, A Simple 68HC11-Based Computer
modes, A Simple 68HC11-Based Computer
partial address decoding, Address Decoding
stack pointer (SP), A Simple 68HC11-Based Computer
memory, Memory
memory cycle, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
memory management, Memory Management
address translation, Address translation
banked memory, Memory Management, Page mapping
defined, Memory Management
logical address, Memory Management
logical memory > physical memory, Page mapping
memory protection, Page mapping
MMU, Memory Management
MMU translation table, Address translation
page mapping, Page mapping
physical address, Memory Management
task isolation, Page mapping
virtual memory, Memory Management
memory map, Basic System Architecture, Memory Maps and Address Decoding
memory protection, Page mapping
memory-mapped I/O, Basic System Architecture
Mentor Graphics, Printed-Circuit Boards
message-passing MIMD, MIMD computers
Microchip, DSP-Based Controllers
microcontrollers, Basic System Architecture
embedded computers and, Embedded Computer Architecture
microprocessors, Basic System Architecture
big-endian, Big-Endian and Little-Endian Addressing
little-endian, Big-Endian and Little-Endian Addressing
MIMD (Multiple-Instruction Multiple-Data) machine, MIMD computers
message-passing, MIMD computers
shared-memory, MIMD computers
minimizing the current-loop area, Minimize the Current Loop Area
MK68901 MFP (Multi-Function Peripheral), A Simple 68000-Based Computer
MK68901 Multifunction Peripheral (MFP), I/O
MMU, Memory Management
page mapping, Page mapping
translation table, Address translation
mnemonics, Machine Code
modem, null, Old Faithful: RS-232C
Monitor class (USB), USB Packets
Moore, Charles, Introducing Forth
motor control, Motor Control
sensing motor speed, Sensing Motor Speed
motor control with a PIC, Motor Control with a PIC
adapting this design for robotics, Motor Control with a PIC
DIP-based PIC processor, Motor Control with a PIC
direction switch, Motor Control with a PIC
H-bridge chip, Motor Control with a PIC
optional serial port, Motor Control with a PIC
output of PWM1 module, Motor Control with a PIC
processor
crystal frequency, Motor Control with a PIC
crystals, Motor Control with a PIC
pins, Motor Control with a PIC
voltage regulator circuit, Motor Control with a PIC
processor schematic, Motor Control with a PIC
throttle and momentum controls, Motor Control with a PIC
MPLAB, A Tale of Two Processors
MPXA6115A, Pressure Sensors
multi-master bus, Overview of I2C
multimeter, Measurement Tools, Building It
Multiply-And-Accumulate (MAC) units, Digital Signal Processors

N

NASA and Forth, Introducing Forth
net label, Reading Schematics
netlist file, Laying Out a PCB
nets, Reading Schematics
networks, Networks
null modem, Old Faithful: RS-232C
Nyquist frequency, Sample Rates

O

odd parity, Error Detection
Ohms, Resistors
Ohm’s Law, Resistors
On-Chip Emulation module (OnCE), JTAG
opcodes, Processors, Machine Code, Coding in Assembly
open loop, Amplifiers
operands, ALU
operational amplifiers, Amplifiers
optical encoder
schematics, Sensing Motor Speed
oscillator
variable-speed, Variable-Speed Oscillator
oscillator module, Clocks and Oscillators
oscillators, Power versus speed
oscilloscope, Measurement Tools, Measurement Tools
debugging hardware, Some Thoughts on Debugging
OTP (One-Time Programmable) ROMs, EPROM
output low voltage, DC Characteristics
output pin of a digital device, states of, Digital Signals

P

page mapping, Page mapping
Palm PDA, 68000-Series Computers
parallel ADCs, Analog to Digital Conversion
parallel architecture, DMA
MIMD machine, MIMD computers
SIMD machine, SIMD computers
parallel ports
conversion from parallel to serial format, UARTs
parity, Error Detection
passive components, Resistors
PCA82C250T, Controller Area Network (CAN)
PCBs (printed-circuit boards), Reading Schematics, Printed-Circuit Boards
blind or buried vias, Printed-Circuit Boards
CAD libraries, Printed-Circuit Boards
component layer, Printed-Circuit Boards
design rule check, Printed-Circuit Boards
EDA software, Printed-Circuit Boards
electrical rule check, Printed-Circuit Boards
external copper layers, Printed-Circuit Boards
Faraday shield, Laying Out a PCB
fills, Printed-Circuit Boards
gnu PCB editor, Printed-Circuit Boards
greater noise immunity, Laying Out a PCB
layers, Printed-Circuit Boards
laying out, Laying Out a PCB
analog ground, Laying Out a PCB
clocks and high-speed signals, Laying Out a PCB
placing components, Laying Out a PCB
power and ground traces, Laying Out a PCB
power ground, Laying Out a PCB
routing buses, Laying Out a PCB
mechanical layers, Printed-Circuit Boards
multilayered boards, Printed-Circuit Boards
overlay layers, Printed-Circuit Boards
pads, Printed-Circuit Boards
closely spaced pads on surface-mount components, Printed-Circuit Boards
specifying for component, Printed-Circuit Boards
silkscreen layers, Printed-Circuit Boards
solder mask, Printed-Circuit Boards
soldering, Soldering
tracks, Printed-Circuit Boards
routing around pads, Printed-Circuit Boards
vias, Printed-Circuit Boards
peak-to-peak amplitude, Power
period (signals), Analog Signals
peripherals, Input/Output
registers, Registers
Philips PCF8583, Adding a Real-Time Clock with I2C
physical address, Memory Management
Physical interface devices class (USB), USB Packets
PIC processors, A Tale of Two Processors
brownout detector (BOD), The ATtiny15 Processor
configuring, Starting Simple
FSR (File Select Register), A Tale of Two Processors
history, A Tale of Two Processors
original architecture, A Tale of Two Processors
PC16LF873A, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
PIC-based environmental datalogger, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
crystals, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
diode D2, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
Harwin connector, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
in-house adaptor, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
internal TIMER1 subsystem, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
non-volatile flash, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
power pin, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
RS-232C adaptor module, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
Schottky diode, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
sensors, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
voltage regulator circuit, PIC-Based Environmental Datalogger
PIC16C73, A Bigger PIC
schematic, A Bigger PIC
versus AVR processors, The AVR Architecture
PIC12C508 processor, Starting Simple
external RC circuit, Starting Simple
internal RC oscillator, Starting Simple
power supply, Power-on Reset
reset, Power-on Reset
variable-speed oscillator, Variable-Speed Oscillator
PIC12C805 computer, The ATtiny15 Processor
PIC16C74, The AVR Architecture
PIC16C745, Physical Interface
PIC16C765, Physical Interface
piezo-electric material, Crystals
pipelined processors executing a jump, Architectural Overview
plated through, Printed-Circuit Boards
PLDs, PALs
plug packs, The Stuff Out of the Wall
polling, Hardware interrupts
ported I/O, Basic System Architecture
POS terminals class (USB), USB Packets
position-independent code, Position-Independent Code
potential difference, Voltage and Current
potentiometer, Resistors
power bricks, The Stuff Out of the Wall
Power class (USB), USB Packets
power sources, Power Sources
AC adaptors, The Stuff Out of the Wall
batteries, Batteries
fixed, The Stuff Out of the Wall
power sources (continued)
low-power devices, Low Power Design
power, defined, Power
power-on reset (POR) circuit, The ATtiny15 Processor
PPM (Pulse Position Modulation), Introduction to IrDA
pressure sensors, Pressure Sensors
absolute, Pressure Sensors, Pressure Sensors
differential, Pressure Sensors
gauge, Pressure Sensors
how they work, Pressure Sensors
Printer class (USB), USB Packets
processor cycle, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
processors, Processors
accumulators, Registers
big-endian, Big-Endian and Little-Endian Addressing
CCR, Registers
control registers, Registers
cycles, Timing of Instructions
index registers, Registers
instruction pointer, Registers
little-endian, Big-Endian and Little-Endian Addressing
program counter, Registers
pushing/popping values, Stacks
shadow registers, Registers
stack pointer, Stacks
stacks, Stacks
states of operation, Address translation
status register, Registers
program counter, Registers
programmed I/O, DMA
Protel, Printed-Circuit Boards
pull-up resistors, Resistors
Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), Introduction to IrDA
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), Motor Control, Motor Control with a PIC
using, Motor Control

Q

quadrature encoding, Sensing Motor Speed
quantization, Analog to Digital Conversion
quiescent current, Regulators

R

RAM, RAM
Raskin, Jef, Schematics
rat’s nest, Quick Construction
RC circuits, RC Circuits
external, Starting Simple
high-pass filter, RC Circuits
low-pass filter, RC Circuits
parallel, RC Circuits
read cycle, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
Read-Only Memory (see ROM), EPROM
Real-Time Clock (RTC), Adding a Real-Time Clock with I2C
rectification, Diodes
registers, Processor operation, Registers
peripherals, Registers
shadow, Interrupts
stack pointer, Stacks
regulators, Low Power Design
charge pumps, Regulators, Regulators
linear, Regulators, MAX1615 Regulator
LM78xx, LM78xx Regulators
MAX1615, MAX1615 Regulator
MAX603/MAX604, MAX603/MAX604 Regulators
MAX724, MAX724 Regulator
quiescent current, Regulators
switching, Regulators, Regulators
resistance, Resistors
resistors, Resistors
combined in parallel, Resistors
daisy-chaining, Resistors
mechanical pots, Resistors
potentiometer, Resistors
pot’s wiper, Resistors
rotary pot, Resistors
slider pot, Resistors
Return from Interrupt instruction, Hardware interrupts
Return-to-Zero (RZ), Introduction to IrDA
Reverse Polish Notation (RPN), Introducing Forth
rework station, Soldering
rework stations, Soldering
ball-grid array (BGA) packaged chips, Soldering
RISC processors, Software interrupts
distinguishing characteristics, CISC and RISC
“load/store” architecture, CISC and RISC
RJ-45 connector signals, Adding an Ethernet Interface
roll off, Amplifiers
ROM
mask-programmable, EPROM
OTP (One-Time Programmable), EPROM
ROM (Read-Only Memory), EPROM
ROM burner, ROM
root hub, Introduction to USB
RS-232C, Old Faithful: RS-232C, USB, Controller Area Network (CAN)
implementing interface, Implementing an RS-232C Interface
interfaces, Adding a Small Display with I2C, An IrDA Interface
RS-422, Using a Serial Port as a Power Supply
RS-485, RS-422
interface, Introduction to IrDA
RTC (Real-Time Clock), Adding a Real-Time Clock with I2C
RZ (Return-to-Zero), Introduction to IrDA

S

sample rates
Nyquist frequency, Sample Rates
sampling, Analog to Digital Conversion
schematics, Reading Schematics
component pins, Reading Schematics
component symbols, Reading Schematics
Engineering Change Orders (ECOs), Reading Schematics
junction dot, Reading Schematics
multiple sheets, Reading Schematics
nets, Reading Schematics
ports, Reading Schematics
power ports, Reading Schematics
Printed Circuit Board (PCB), Reading Schematics
Schottky diodes, MAX724 Regulator
SCL (serial clock), Overview of I2C
SDA (serial data), Overview of I2C
self-powered devices, Physical Interface
Semelab, LM78xx Regulators
semiconductors, Voltage and Current
sensors, Low Power Design
magnetic field, Magnetic-Field Sensor
temperature, Temperature Sensor
serial ports, UARTs
asynchronous transmission, Error Detection
conversion from parallel to serial format, UARTs
error detection, Error Detection
problems associated with serial transmission, UARTs
UARTs, UARTs
using as power supply, Using a Serial Port as a Power Supply
series connection, Resistors
shadow registers, Interrupts, Registers
SHARC (21xxx) processors, DSP-Based Controllers
shared-memory MIMD, MIMD computers
signed numbers, Signed Numbers
sinking current, Digital Signals
slave nodes, RS-485
sleep current, DC Characteristics
small-signal resistance, Diodes
software interrupt, Software interrupts
solder fumes, How to Solder
solder layer, Printed-Circuit Boards
solder mask, Printed-Circuit Boards
solder paste, Soldering
soldering, Construction Tools
DIP chips, How to Solder
heating solder, Quick Construction
iron, Soldering
PCB, How to Solder
removing excess flux, Quick Construction
rework stations, Soldering, Soldering
ball-grid array (BGA) packaged chips, Soldering
safety, Soldering
solder paste, Soldering
soldering iron, Soldering
removing tip, Soldering
strand solder, Soldering
through-hole components, How to Solder
sourcing current, Digital Signals
Space Shuttle’s Star Tracker subsystem, Introducing Forth
SPI (continued)
Master Out Slave In (MOSI), Serial Peripheral Interface
MISO, Serial Peripheral Interface
MOSI, Serial Peripheral Interface
Serial CLocK (SCLK or SCK), Serial Peripheral Interface
Serial Data In (SDI), Serial Peripheral Interface
Serial Data Out (SDO), Serial Peripheral Interface
Serial In (SI), Serial Peripheral Interface
Serial Out (SO), Serial Peripheral Interface
Slave Select (SS), Serial Peripheral Interface
versus standard serial port, Serial Peripheral Interface
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), Serial Peripheral Interface
AT45DB161, Adding Nonvolatile Data Memory with SPI
Chip Select (CS), Serial Peripheral Interface
clock phases, Serial Peripheral Interface
compared to SDA and SCL, Overview of I2C
daisy-chaining SPI devices, Serial Peripheral Interface
Master In Slave Out (MISO), Serial Peripheral Interface
SPM (Store Program Memory) instruction, A Bigger AVR
SRAM (static RAM) chip, Memory
ST Microelectronics, LM78xx Regulators
stack pointer, Stacks
stacks, Stacks
standard block transfer (DMA), DMA
star ground point, Interfacing an External ADC
START byte, Overview of I2C
state machine registers, JTAG
static operation, Clocks and Oscillators, Power versus speed
status register, Registers
strand solder, Soldering
successive approximation ADC, Analog to Digital Conversion
supervisor state, Address translation
supply current, DC Characteristics
switching regulators, Regulators, Regulators
system clock, Bus Signals
system software, Concepts

T

tantalum capacitors, RC Circuits
TAOS, Light Sensor
TAOS TSL250R sensor, Light Sensor
task isolation, Page mapping
temperature sensor, Temperature Sensor
interfacing to ADC, Temperature Sensor
termination resistor, RS-422
Test Access Port (TAP), JTAG
Texas Instruments, DSP-Based Controllers
time constant for the circuit, RC Circuits
timing diagrams
system clock, Bus Signals
Tiny TP, Introduction to IrDA
TMS320 series, DSP-Based Controllers
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Amplifiers
transformers, Transformers
traps, Interrupts
TSL250R, Light Sensor
twisted pair, RS-422

U

UARTs, UARTs, Introduction to IrDA
unipolar components, Capacitors
unipolar signal, Analog Signals
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
basic structure of network, Introduction to USB
bus enumeration, Introduction to USB
bus-powered devices, Physical Interface
device classes, Introduction to USB
host controller, Introduction to USB
hubs, Introduction to USB
implementing interface, Implementing a USB Interface
introduction, Introduction to USB
packets, USB Packets
Ack packet, USB Packets
bulk transfer, USB Packets
control transfer, USB Packets
CRC, USB Packets
DATA0 and DATA1, USB Packets
descriptor, USB Packets
interrupt transfer, USB Packets
isochronous transfer, USB Packets
Nak (No Acknowledge) packet, USB Packets
PID, USB Packets
Stall, USB Packets
SYNC byte, USB Packets
physical interface, Physical Interface
self-powered devices, Physical Interface
Series A connectors, Physical Interface
Series B connectors, Physical Interface
technical documentation, USB Packets
upstream and downstream ports, Physical Interface, Physical Interface
v. 2.0, Introduction to USB
v.1.1, Introduction to USB
web site, USB Packets
wires, Physical Interface
USB-to-SPI bridge, Implementing a USB Interface
user state, Address translation
USS-820D, Implementing a USB Interface
DMNS (Data Minus, D-), Implementing a USB Interface
DPLS (Data Plus, D+), Implementing a USB Interface
DPPU, Implementing a USB Interface
DSA (Data Set Available), Implementing a USB Interface
ground pins, Implementing a USB Interface
interrupt pin (IRQN), Implementing a USB Interface
RESET pin, Implementing a USB Interface
RWUPN pin, Implementing a USB Interface
SOFN (Start Of Frame), Implementing a USB Interface
SUSPN (Suspend), Implementing a USB Interface
USBR (USB Reset detected), Implementing a USB Interface

V

vectored interrupts, Hardware interrupts
virtual memory, Memory Management
Vishay, An IrDA Interface
Volt, Voltage and Current
voltage, Voltage and Current
common operating, Digital Signals
voltage difference, Voltage and Current
voltage divider, Resistors
voltage drop, Voltage and Current
voltage states, Analog Signals

W

wait states, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
wait-state generator, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle
Watts, Power
Weller, Soldering
Weller WQB 3000, Soldering
Weller WRS3000ST unit, Soldering
wiper, Resistors
wirewrapping, Wirewrapping
word-organized scheme (memory chips), Memory
working register, A Tale of Two Processors
wrapping tools, Wirewrapping
write cycle, AT90S8515 Memory Cycle

X

Xilinx, PALs

Z

Zener diode, Diodes
zero-operand processor, Architectural Overview
zero-overhead looping, Digital Signal Processors
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