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PART I DIGITAL LOGIC REVIEW AND COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE FUNDAMENTALS
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PART I DIGITAL LOGIC REVIEW AND COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE FUNDAMENTALS
by J. W. Bruce, Robert Reese, Bryan A. Jones
Microcontrollers, Second Edition
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Contents
Introduction
PART I DIGITAL LOGIC REVIEW AND COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE FUNDAMENTALS
Chapter 1 Number System and Digital Logic Review
Learning Objectives
Using Binary Data
Unsigned Number Conversion
Combinational Logic Functions
Combinational Building Blocks
Understanding Sequential Logic
Sequential Building Blocks
Encoding Character Data
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 2 The Stored Program Machine
Learning Objectives
Problem Solving the Digital Way
Finite State Machine Design
A Stored Program Machine
Modern Computers
Summary
Review Problems
PART II PIC24 µC ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING
Chapter 3 Introduction to the PIC24 Microcontroller Family
Learning Objectives
Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
The PIC24 Microcontroller Family
Data Transfer Instructions and Addressing Modes
File Register Addressing
Basic Arithmetic and Control Instructions
A PIC24 Assembly Language Program
The Clock and Instruction Execution
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 4 Unsigned 8/16-Bit Arithmetic, Logical, and Conditional Operations
Learning Objectives
Bitwise Logical Operations, Bit Operations
Using the Status Register
Using Shift and Rotate Operations
Using Mixed 8-Bit/16-Bit Operations, Compound Operations
Conditional Execution Using Bit Tests
Unsigned Conditional Tests
Complex Conditional Expressions
Looping
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 5 Extended Precision and Signed Data Operations
Learning Objectives
Extended Precision Operations
Signed Number Representation
Operations on Signed Data
Branch Instruction Encoding
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 6 Pointers and Subroutines
Learning Objectives
PIC24 Indirect Addressing Modes
Using Subroutines
The Stack and Call/Return, Push/Pop
Implementing Subroutines in Assembly Language
C Pointers and Arrays
Stack Frames for Function Parameters and Local Variables
Program Space Visibility and Global Variable Initialization
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 7 Advanced Assembly Language: Higher Math
Learning Objectives
Multiplication
Division
Fixed-Point and Saturating Arithmetic
The dsPIC® Microcontroller Family
Floating-Point Number Representation
BCD Arithmetic
ASCII Data Conversion
Summary
Review Problems
PART III PIC24 µC INTERFACING USING THE C LANGUAGE
Chapter 8 System Startup and Parallel Port I/O
Learning Objectives
High-Level Languages versus Assembly Language
C Compilation for the PIC24 µC
PIC24 Startup Schematic
ledflash.c—The First C Program for PIC24 Startup
echo.c—Testing the Serial Link
Datasheet Reading—A Critical Skill
Configuration Bits
Clock Generation
Power-On Reset Behavior and Reset Sources
Watchdog Timer, Sleep, Idle, and Doze
The reset.c Test Program
Parallel Port Operation
LED/Switch I/O and State Machine Programming
Interfacing to an LCD Module
The PIC24E versus the PIC24F and PIC24H Families
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 9 Interrupts and a First Look at Timers
Learning Objectives
Interrupt Basics
PIC24 µC Interrupt Details
ISR Functions in C
Change Notification Interrupts
INTx External Interrupts and Remappable Pins
Periodic Timer Interrupts
Interrupt-Driven LED/Switch I/O
Filtering Noisy Inputs
A Rotary Encoder Interface
A Keypad Interface
On Writing and Debugging ISRs
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 10 Asynchronous and Synchronous Serial I/O
Learning Objectives
I/O Channel Basics
Synchronous, Asynchronous Serial I/O
The PIC24 UART
Using the PIC24 UART with C
Interrupt-Driven I/O with the PIC24 UART
The RS-232 Standard
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
SPI Example: The MCP41xxx Digital Potentiometer
SPI Example: PIC24 μC Master to DS1722 Thermometer
SPI Example: PIC24 µC Master to PIC24 μC Slave
The I2C Bus
I2C on the PIC24 μC
I2C Example: PIC24 μC Master to DS1631 Thermometer
I2C Example: PIC24 μC Master to 24LC515 Serial EEPROM
Ping-Pong Buffering for Interrupt-Driven Streaming Data
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 11 Data Conversion
Learning Objectives
Data Conversion Basics
Analog-to-Digital Conversion
The PIC24 Analog-to-Digital Converter
Digital-to-Analog Conversion
External Digital-to-Analog Converter Examples
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 12 Timers
Learning Objectives
Pulse Width Measurement
Pulse Width, Period Measurement Using Input Capture
Application: Using Capture Mode for an Infrared Decoder
The Output Compare Module
Pulse Width Modulation
PWM Application: DC Motor Speed Control and Servo Control
A PWM DAC
Time Keeping Using Timer1 and RTCC (PIC 24H/F Families)
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 13 Advanced Hardware Topics
Learning Objectives
Direct Memory Access
Using the PIC24 μC as an I2C Slave
Bus Arbitration for the I2C Bus
The Controller Area Network (CAN)
The PIC24 ECAN™ Module
Run-Time Self-Programming
Summary
Review Problems
Chapter 14 Operating Systems for Embedded Systems
Learning Objectives
Operating System Concepts
Embedded Systems Operating System for the Microchip PIC24 μC
Design: Adding an ESOS Service for I2C
Summary
Review Problems
PART IV APPENDIXES
Appendix A PIC24 Architecture and Instruction Set Summary
Appendix B Circuits 001
Voltage, Current, and Resistance
Capacitors
Appendix C Problem Solutions
Appendix D References
Index
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Introduction
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Chapter 1 Number System and Digital Logic Review
PART I
D
IGITAL
L
OGIC
R
EVIEW AND
C
OMPUTER
A
RCHITECTURE
F
UNDAMENTALS
C
HAPTER
1
Number System and Digital Logic Review
C
HAPTER
2
The Stored Program Machine
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