---

Index

acceleration, 24, 37, 206, 400, 401

active

damping control, 428

guideway, 355

materials, 45

platen, 4

power, 360

reaction rail, 6

surface, 3

actuator

LOA, 237, 240

planar, 11

short-stroke, 237

air gap, 15, 19, 169, 215, 324, 356, 358

alloy

amorphous, 55

cobalt, 53

Fe-Si, 48

Ampère’s circuital law, 63, 130

angle

load, 174, 177, 181, 218, 428

phase, 205, 317

anisotropy, 230

approach

circuital, 237

FEM, 187, 199

field-network, 459

reluctance network RNA, 200

armature, 1, 20, 21, 83–85, 212, 213, 271, 274, 328, 330, 332, 378, 381, 386–389, 425, 426

artificial neural network, 252

automation, 397

ball lead screw, 403

ball screw, 398

drive, 400

equation of motion, 401

lead, 398

pitch, 398

system, 400

bearing

linear, 270

sealed, 405

bogie, 97, 328, 345

boundary condition

at boundaries, 128, 134

Dirichlet, 160, 167, 174, 215

Neumann, 160, 163, 167

brake, 347, 384

BSC theory, 76

building

high-rise, 384

ultrahigh, 374

utilization, 375

buoyancy, 361

calculation

direct, 124

main dimensions, 188, 192

thrust, 124

calculus of variations, 29

characteristic

magnetic, 67

thrust-angle, 114

thrust-speed, 264

Chuo Shinkansen, 338

circuit

magnetic, 120, 201

RLC, 27, 237

classification of LSMs, 6

cobalt alloy

contents, 53

Hiperco 50, 53

code, 300

binary, 300

data matrix, 305

gray, 301, 302

coefficient

ballistic, 452

Carter’s, 90, 451

force ripple, 178

friction, 31, 399

leakage flux, 62, 124, 443

linear expansion, 71

of thrust ripple, 217

proportionality according to Park, 261

temperature for conductivity, 69

temperature for resistance, 69

temperature of PM, 64

thermal utilization, 36

coenergy, 158, 205, 240, 460

coercivity, 60

coil, 325, 341

moving, 132

pitch, 86

primary, 315

stationary, 239

commutation

electronic, 2

mechanical, 2

comparison

ball screw with LSM, 404

FEM vs RNA, 209

flat vs tubular LSM, 180

LIM, LSM, and HLD, 417

linear motors for elevators, 369, 371, 373

rotary vs linear motors, 373

thrust, 218

thrust ripple, 218

with test results, 226, 229, 236, 461

compliance, 27, 28

condition

boundary, 167, 174

initial, 168

conductivity, 69, 70

constant

damping, 27

EMF, 8, 253

force, 11

Hall, 308

interpolation, 165

Planck, 76

spring, 27

thrust, 11, 254, 256, 457

viscous friction, 27

construction

hybrid, 18

materials, 45

modular, 170, 425

container, 37

control

active damping, 428

adaptive, 251

algorithms, 261

closed-loop, 262, 414

constant voltage-to-frequency, 262

direct thrust (DTC), 265

drive, 351

examples of PM LSMs, 261

flux-weakening, 264

fuzzy, 267

high-performance motion, 262

microstepping, 267

neural, 252

of electromagnet, 334

open-loop, 262

pitching-damping, 362

position, 313

safety, 351

scalar methods, 251

self-tuning, 251

sliding mode, 252

speed, 261, 313

thrust, 261

traffic, 351

vector, 251, 263

zero direct-axis, 263

controller

electronic for HLSM, 269

fuzzy logic, 252

standard, 251

converter, 346

Cooper pairs, 77

coordinate

generalized, 460

measuring, 408

robotics, 273

coordinate system

Cartesian, 127, 154, 155

cylindrical, 155, 156, 163

core

laminated, 46, 83

slotless, 92

slotted, 86

tubular motor, 84

counterweight, 40, 368, 371

critical

current, 79

current density, 74, 79

magnetic field, 74, 75

temperature, 74

current, 239

d-axis, 112

q-axis, 112

armature, 113, 191

density, 126, 154

density line, 108, 125, 127, 129, 133

edge line, 126, 148

equivalent, 126

fictitious, 125, 258

phase, 182, 187, 204

torque-producing, 115, 140

waveform, 268

zero-sequence, 259

curve

demagnetization, 59, 65, 435

magnetization, 48

speed-time, 24

thrust-time, 25

cutting, 422

damper, 6, 257, 262

DARPA, 78

dashpot, 28

deceleration, 24, 37, 206

depth of penetration, 326

device

doubly excited, 24

singly excited, 23

diagram

block, 263, 267, 270

free-body, 432

phasor, 113

difference

between 2D and 3D FEM, 224

between codes, 301

discretization, 215

2D, 174

3D, 173

DoE, 78

DOF, 11, 21, 432

duty cycle, 25, 36

dynamics, 27, 459

effect

Josephson, 75

Meissner, 74

shielding, 231

efficiency, 120

ball screw, 399

of hoistway, 39, 40, 376

of system, 376

electric

charge, 27

conductivity, 54, 69

resistivity, 69

electrical steels

grading, 48

nonoriented, 48

thin gauges, 53

electrocoating, 422

electromagnet

guide, 328

HTS, 353

on board, 94

superconducting, 17, 92, 96, 131, 325, 346

U-shaped, 24, 324

electromagnetic field

analysis, 124, 129

distribution, 124

equations, 153

element

6-node, 215

dissipating, 28

tetrahedral, 161, 225

triangular, 163, 200

elevator

brake, 383, 385

car, 368, 389, 394

classification, 367

high-rise, 367, 384

hydraulic, 370

linear-motor-driven, 368, 373, 379, 380

low-rise, 367

mid-rise, 367

noise, 374

prototype, 380

roped, 39, 375, 376

ropeless, 40, 374–376, 378, 385, 389, 394

safety gear, 367

verical–horizontal, 384

EMF, 27, 111, 253, 256

EMI, 205

Emsland Test Facility, 330

encoder

absolute, 298

analog–digital, 311

exposed, 304

incremental, 285, 292, 295, 297

LIDA, 289

linear, 270, 319

magnetic, 306, 307

magnetoresistive MR, 307

optical, 285

requirements, 303

resolution, 292

scale, 295, 301

sealed, 304

signal, 314

energy

change, 237

consumption, 391

contactless transfer, 387

density, 61

kinetic, 27, 28, 42, 433

magnetic, 61, 63, 158, 437

maximum, 61

potential, 28, 43, 433, 460

recovered, 392

stored, 27, 158

usage, 394

useful, 440

equation

2nd order, 27, 115

discriminant, 116

electrical balance, 27, 240, 460

Euler–Lagrange, 29, 30, 42, 433, 460

Kirchhoff’s, 123, 442

Kirchhoff’s voltage, 27, 168

Laplace’s, 126, 130, 133

Lorentz, 128, 131

Maxwell, 153

mechanical balance, 27, 169, 240, 400, 460

motion, 27

Poisson’s, 133, 154, 159, 229

quadratic, 116

traction effort, 32

error

position, 400

tracking, 416

Euler–Lagrange equation, 29, 30, 42, 460

excitation system

electromagnetic, 94

PM, 95

superconducting, 96

factor

armature reaction, 109

differential leakage, 91

distribution, 90, 91

form, 61, 109, 112

insulation, 47

interpolation, 315

overload capacity, 38

pitch, 90, 91

reaction, 110

saturation, 63, 451

stacking, 47

winding, 90, 91, 108

FEM, 153

2D, 163, 177, 181, 192, 200, 215, 218, 238

3D, 159, 220, 230, 231

approach, 199

commercial packages, 166

modeling, 159

time-stepping analysis, 166

field

excitation system, 1

magnetic, 107

modeling, 182

plotting, 445

traveling, 107

field-network simulation, 459

flux

leakage, 120, 145, 147

linkage, 186, 239

pattern, 203

force

attraction, 24, 324

average, 217

braking, 31

calculation, 22

detent, 7, 197, 225

disturbance, 400

electromagnetic, 155, 239, 240, 242, 460

external, 30, 42, 400

holding, 208

instantaneous, 206

linear motion, 23

maximum, 132, 136

Maxwell stress tensor, 155, 199

normal, 131, 199, 200, 205, 210

peak, 131, 464

repulsive, 131, 325

ripple, 7, 178, 197, 210, 464

rolling, 32

static, 242

tangential, 131, 205, 207, 208, 210

virtual work method, 155, 199

forcer, 1, 18, 99, 202

Fourier series, 126

free-body diagram, 432

function

interpolation, 161, 162

Lagrange, 460

Rayleigh, 30, 42, 433

shape, 163

transfer, 277

weighted, 163

gain

integral, 402

position loop, 402, 416

proportional, 402

gantry, 408, 423, 429, 431

advantages, 408

configuration, 409

LSM-driven, 410

robot, 408

generator

linear, 94, 326, 332

of vibration, 429

grating, 312, 313

guideway, 94, 309, 329, 341, 359

beam type, 94

ladder type, 356

U-shaped, 92

Halbach array, 6, 356

Hamilton’s principle, 28

harmonic

fundamental of MMF, 108

higher space, 133, 206

history

maglev transportation in Japan, 352

of Transrapid, 336

Swissmetro, 360

hoistway, 368, 375

human expert knowledge, 253

identity

Green’s, 168

Stokes, 156

impregnation

dipping, 73

heat-activated adhesive, 74

trickle, 73

inductance, 323

dynamic, 156

leakage, 258

maximum, 135

minimum, 135

mutual, 24, 316

self-inductance, 22, 24, 258

static, 156, 158, 186, 188, 189

stationary coil, 239

synchronous, 258

winding, 186

insulation

class, 69

heat-sealable, 73

high-temperature, 73

Kapton, 73

materials, 73

specifications, 72

types, 71

inverter, 331, 346, 360

Jacobian matrix, 200

Lagrangian, 28, 42, 460

lamellas, 18

laminations, 83

landing gears, 346

Laplace transform, 278

laser

cutting, 429

maskant scriber, 423

optical, 304

scribing, 423, 429

systems, 429

lattice, 76

law

Ampère’s circuital, 63, 130

Biot—Savart, 157

length

minimum of SC wire, 79

of electromagnetic wave, 326

of end turn, 90

of stack, 101

of step, 19

of turn, 88

levitation, 76

efficiency, 356

electrodynamic EDL, 92, 323, 325, 339

electromagnetic EML, 94, 323, 326

magnetic, 78

linear

generator, 332

LVDT, 315, 318, 321, 428

optical sensors, 285

linear positioning

applications, 273

precision, 269

stage, 270, 272, 274

system, 271

losses

calculation, 99, 101

core, 46

eddy-current, 46

hysteresis, 46

specific core, 46

specific core losses, 46

LRM, 18

flat, 18

hoistway, 371

thrust, 135

tubular, 230, 231

with flux barriers, 18

LSM

air-cored, 131

d.c. excitation, 16

double-sided, 12, 16, 93, 132

five-phase, 211, 245, 246

flat, 8, 117, 169, 178, 453

flux-switching PM, 425

for ENNA, 382

homopolar, 15, 360

in counterweight, 371

in the pit, 370

iron-cored, 359

large-power, 92

long-armature, 329

main dimensions, 174

module, 459

moving-coil, 93

reluctance LRM, 229, 230

segment, 459

selection, 33

single-sided, 9, 16, 101, 104, 117, 131, 136, 140, 147

slotless, 13

superconducting, 17, 128, 361

three-phase, 142, 169, 181, 187, 192

transportation, 388

transverse flux, 14

tubular, 13, 88, 178, 181, 187, 192, 211, 229, 402, 459, 461

U-type, 381

variable reluctance, 18

with ferrite PMs, 368

machine

capsule-filling, 411

CNC, 416, 424

hoisting, 367

homopolar, 78

milling, 414

synchronous, 78

tools, 314, 417

machining

aircraft, 418

center, 414, 418, 420, 424

process, 413

maglev

General Atomics, 353

Inductrack, 353

marine express, 361

Swissmetro, 357

Transrapid, 326

urban, 353

Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, 338

magnetic

levitation, 411

permeability, 60, 156, 322

saturation, 451

shielding, 315

susceptibility, 60

target, 309

magnetic circuit, 60, 122, 135, 438, 442

magnetic field

backward-traveling, 108

coercive, 60

critical, 75

forward-traveling, 107

intensity, 62, 440

of armature winding, 107

traveling, 1

magnetic flux, 111, 123, 255

air gap, 442

differential, 321

fringing, 451

leakage, 61, 62, 124

linkage, 157, 239, 257, 266, 321

magnetic flux density, 23, 109, 154, 186, 189, 200, 223, 231, 238, 308

air gap, 63, 439

components, 127, 134

distribution, 226

remanent, 60, 126, 204

saturation, 61

waveform, 186

magnetic permeability

free space, 60

recoil, 61, 133

relative, 60, 238

relative recoil, 61, 64, 204

magnetic scalar potential, 157, 230

magnetic vector potential, 130, 153, 230

magnetic voltage drop (MVD), 112

magnetization

vector, 59

with armature, 440

without armature, 439

magnetization curve, 50

Accucore, 58

Arnon5, 52

Dk66, DI-MAX, Dk66, 52

Hiperco 50, 54

M-19, 49

M27, M36, M43, 51

solid steel, 57

manufacturing process, 397, 411

marine express, 361

material

active, 45

amorphous, 55

construction, 45

handling, 408, 411

hard magnetic, 59

impregnating, 74

insulating, 45

PM, 64

powder composite, 58

solid ferromagnetic, 56

Matlab, 241, 461

Maxwell equations, 153

Maxwell stress tensor, 155, 156, 197

measurement

flux density, 236

force, 207, 210

position, 319

roughness, 428

mesh, 174, 215, 231

method

boundary integral BIM, 238

Bubnov–Galerkin’s, 160, 168

Coulomb and Meunier’s, 199

Euler’s backward time, 168

interpolation, 311

of virtual work, 155

separation of variables, 126, 133

virtual work, 199

weighted residual, 159

microstepping, 204, 267

MMF, 108, 110, 200, 204

armature reaction, 438

demagnetizing, 440

equivalent of PM, 258

model

field-network, 460

layer, 133

positioning stage, 432

moment of inertia, 401

monorail, 411

motion

control, 402

formulae, 26

linear, 24, 26, 31

rotational, 26

motor

brushless, 2

flux

reversal, 416

flux-switching PM, 425

HDL, 416

hybrid stepping HLSM, 18, 21, 99, 199, 207, 267, 411, 413

linear switched reluctance, 135, 149

moving coil, 13

reluctance, 229, 230

Sawyer, 18

sine-wave, 253, 275

square-wave, 2, 255, 276

stepping, 4, 18

superconducting, 128

switched reluctance, 4, 21

variable reluctance, 135

MRI, 78

NMR, 78

node, 160

noise

cancelation, 310

magnetic, 310

operating point, 102, 436, 437, 441

parameter

differential, 217

integral, 178, 221, 224

performance

calculation, 454

steady-state, 117, 455

permalloy, 55

permeability

of free space, 60

recoil, 126, 435

relative recoil, 61

permeance, 202, 204

air gap, 445, 450

differential leakage, 90

end turn leakage, 90

evaluation, 446

external, 436

leakage, 62, 440, 451

of PM, 437

of simple solids, 448

slot leakage, 89

tooth-top leakage, 91

perovskite, 78

phase diagram, 74

phasor diagram, 112, 113

phonon, 76

photon, 76

pitch

coil, 117

pole, 133

tooth, 202

plastic film orientation, 427

platen, 1, 4, 202

grooved, 21

variable reluctance, 18

with flux barriers, 18

PM

Alnico, 65

bonded NdFeB, 67

buried, 453

button-shaped, 452

excitation system, 1, 95

ferrite, 65

NdFeB, 309

operating diagram, 436

sintered NdFeB, 66

skewed, 7, 95

SmCo, 66

stabilization, 436

surface, 453

Poisson’s equation, 154

pole

number, 3, 426

pitch, 84, 109, 307, 425

salient, 94

shoe, 437, 453

position

aligned, 149

unaligned, 149

positioning stage, 404, 405

application, 408

configuration, 406

equation of motion, 405

model, 432

multiaxis, 407

single-axis, 405

power

3-phase system, 260, 283

electromagnetic, 113, 258

hoisting, 369

input, 113, 258, 260

relative, 368

power supply, 331, 346, 360

principle

d’Alambert’s, 27

Hamilton’s, 28, 460

Larmor’s, 29

least action, 29

process

computation, 174

electrocoating, 422

interpolation, 312

machining, 413

of wafer transport, 411

profile

speed, 25, 388

thrust, 25

profiler, 419

quantum mechanics, 76

quench, 346

rail

passive, 6, 15, 16, 425

PM-free, 425

reaction, 1, 3, 6, 402, 416

salient-pole, 1

toothed, 416

with pole shoes, 7

ratio

lift-to-drag, 356

pole-shoe to pole pitch, 109

reactance

armature leakage, 89

armature reaction, 111

leakage, 111

synchronous, 110

reaction rail, 235, 387, 461

active, 6

Halbach array, 6

laminated, 231

magnet-free, 425

passive, 15, 425

solid, 229

with steel pole shoes, 7

readhead, 291, 294, 295

reference frame

dq, 257, 259, 281, 282

ABC, 258, 281

reluctance, 202, 203, 205

air gap, 121

core (yoke), 121

equivalent, 121

for leakage flux, 121, 122

tooth, 121

reluctance network RNA, 200

resistance

air, 33

armature winding, 86, 88

specific acceleration, 32

specific curve, 32

specific gradient, 32

specific rolling, 32, 35

resistivity, 69

robot

Cartesian, 408

gantry, 408

welding, 421

rope, 377

saturation, 203, 239

Seikan Tunnel, 361

semiconductor wafer transport, 412

sensor

encoder, 309

Hall, 307

MR, 307

optical, 285

output signal, 310

position, 2, 315

Shanghai Transrapid, 335

sheet-steel, 47

anisotropic, 47

cold-rolled, 47

nonoriented, 47

silicon, 47

signal

differential, 317

generation, 288

interpolation, 311

output, 322

quadrature, 310

scanning, 311

sinusoidal, 314

TTL, 311

silicon

content, 48

laminated steels, 48

silicon-steel

fully processed, 50

nonoriented, 47

semiprocessed, 50

standards, 50

Simulink, 241, 461

slider, 18

slot, 86, 450

number, 86

pitch, 83

reaction rail, 453

solid steel, 57

solver, 166

specific loss curve

Accucore, 58

Arnon5, 53

Dk66, DI-MAX, Dk66, 52

Hiperco 50, 54

M19, 49

M27, M36, M43, 51

METGLAS, 56

speed, 2

linear, 108, 399

synchronous, 2, 108

traversing, 313, 314

speed record

TGV, 323

Transrapid, 332

Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, 346

stiffness

dynamic, 400, 401

static, 400, 402

substation, 346

superconductivity, 74, 75, 78

superconductor, 75

1G, 79

2G, 79, 82, 83

BSCCO, 80

HoBCO, 82

HTS, 77, 79, 81, 83

IBAD, 82

LTS, 77, 78

MgB, 80

MgO, 82

quench, 75

RABIT, 82

type I, 75

type II, 75

YBCO, 80, 82

Swissmetro, 15, 357

switching

devices, 75

flux, 425

synapse, 252

system

automation, 413

balanced, 282

balls screw, 429

boarding, 348

communication, 351

control, 334, 348

conveyance, 389

data matrix, 305

electrical, 27

guidance, 332

mechanical, 27

support, 332

tangential, 199

temperature

critical, 74

liquid nitrogen, 97

maximum allowable, 73

rise, 71, 73

test

experimental, 205, 226, 236, 242, 351, 461

on five-phase LSM, 226

on HLSM, 205

ropeless elevator, 380

Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, 351

testing, 226, 236, 242, 380, 428, 461

theorem

Green’s, 168

Stokes, 156

thrust, 3

angle, 187

density, 4

detent, 116, 178

electromagnetic, 114, 128, 131, 136, 178, 186, 217, 253, 256, 259, 267, 428

maximum, 254

peak, 31, 41

rated, 36

reluctance, 115, 135

ripple, 116, 217, 224

steady-state, 31

switched reluctance motor, 136

synchronous, 115

thrust density, 3

thrust-speed envelope, 261

time-stepping analysis, 166

electric balance equation, 168

electromechanical system matrix, 169

flowchart, 169

topologies, 6

traction, 31

transducer, 299

transformation

Blondel, 260, 282

inverse, 260, 282

transport

applications, 388

arrangement, 387

container, 389

factory, 386, 387

horizontal, 386

hyper building, 380

lines, 387

ultra-deep mines, 376

vertical, 374

Transrapid, 4, 94, 326

vehicle

maglev, 92, 331, 345

MLX01, 96

underwater, 362

vibration

control, 345

generator, 429

lattice, 76

shock, 297

voltage, 112, 117

welding

friction, 420

robot, 421

winding

air-cored, 3, 13

armature, 86

coreless, 3, 229, 235

double-layer, 86, 90

field excitation, 94

five-phase, 211

Gramme’s, 12

MMF, 107

panel type, 93

single-layer, 86

slotless, 10, 92

slotted, 3, 10, 86

three-phase, 108

wire

2G HTS, 81, 82

AWG, 68

bondable, 69

gauge, 68

insulation class, 69

Litz, 356

magnet wire, 68

superconducting, 78

work, 24, 27, 155

Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, 4, 92, 96, 338