Contents
1.1 Definitions, Geometry, and Thrust Generation
1.2 Linear Synchronous Motor Topologies
1.2.1 Permanent Magnet Motors with Active Reaction Rail
1.2.2 PM Motors with Passive Reaction Rail
1.2.3 Motors with Electromagnetic Excitation
1.2.4 Motors with Superconducting Excitation System
1.2.5 Variable Reluctance Motors
1.2.7 Switched Reluctance Motors
1.5 Selection of Linear Motors
2.2 Laminated Ferromagnetic Cores
2.2.2 High-Saturation Ferromagnetic Alloys
2.2.5 Solid Ferromagnetic Materials
2.2.6 Soft Magnetic Powder Composites
2.3.3 Magnetic Flux Density in the Air Gap
2.3.4 Properties of Permanent Magnets
2.4.2 Resistivity and Conductivity.
2.5.2 Commonly Used Insulating Materials
2.6 Principles of Superconductivity
2.7.1 Classification of HTS Wires
2.7.2 HTS Wires Manufactured by American Superconductors
2.7.3 HTS Wires Manufactured by SuperPower
2.9 Armature Windings of Slotted Cores
2.10 Slotless Armature Systems.
2.11 Electromagnetic Excitation Systems
2.12 Permanent Magnet Excitation Systems
2.13 Superconducting Excitation Systems
2.14 Hybrid Linear Stepping Motors
3 Theory of Linear Synchronous Motors
3.1 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
3.1.1 Magnetic Field of the Armature Winding
3.1.2 Form Factors and Reaction Factors
3.1.5 Electromagnetic Power and Thrust
3.1.6 Minimization of d-axis Armature Current
3.1.9 Direct Calculation of Thrust
3.2 Motors with Superconducting Excitation Coils
3.3 Double-Sided LSM with Inner Moving Coil
3.4 Variable Reluctance Motors
3.5 Switched Reluctance Motors
4.1 Fundamental Equations of Electromagnetic Field
4.1.1 Magnetic Field Vector Potential
4.1.4 Magnetic Scalar Potential
4.1.5 Magnetic Energy and Coenergy
4.2.1 3D Modeling in Cartesian Coordinate System
4.2.2 2D Modeling of Axisymmetrical Problems
4.3 Time-Stepping FEM Analysis
4.4 FEM Analysis of Three-Phase PM LSM
4.4.2 Specifications of Investigated Prototypes of PM LSMs169
4.4.4 Discretization of LSM Area in 2D
4.4.5 2D Electromagnetic Field Analysis
4.4.6 Calculation of Integral Parameters
5 Hybrid and Special Linear Permanent Magnet Motors
5.1 Permanent Magnet Hybrid Motors.
5.1.1 Finite Element Approach.
5.1.2 Reluctance Network Approach
5.1.3 Experimental Investigation
5.2 Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors
5.2.2 2D Discretization and Mesh Generation
5.2.3 2D Electromagnetic Field Analysis
5.2.4 3D Electromagnetic Field Analysis
5.2.5 Electromagnetic Thrust and Thrust Ripple
5.2.6 Experimental Verification
5.3 Tubular Linear Reluctance Motors
5.4 Linear Oscillatory Actuators
5.4.1 2D Electromagnetic Field Analysis
5.4.2 Magnetic Flux, Force, and Inductance
6.2 EMF and Thrust of PM Synchronous and Brushless Motors
6.2.2 Square-Wave (Trapezoidal) Motors
6.3 Model of PM Motor in dq Reference Frame
6.4 Thrust and Speed Control of PM Motors
6.4.3 Zero Direct-Axis Current Control
6.5 Control of Hybrid Stepping Motors
6.6 Precision Linear Positioning
7.1.3 Data Matrix Code Identification and Positioning System
7.2.3 Signal Interpolation Process
7.2.4 Transmission of Speed and Position Signals
7.2.5 LVDT Linear Position Sensors
8.1 Electromagnetic and Electrodynamic Levitation
8.2 Transrapid System (Germany)
8.2.2 Propulsion, Support, and Guidance
8.2.6 Control System of Electromagnets
8.2.7 The Future of Transrapid System
8.2.8 History of Transrapid Maglev System in Germany
8.3 Yamanashi Maglev Test Line in Japan
8.3.2 Location of Yamanashi Maglev Test Line
8.3.6 Superconducting Electromagnet
8.3.7 Power Conversion Substation
8.3.13 History of Superconducting Maglev Transportation Technology in Japan
9 Building and Factory Transportation Systems
9.1 Elevator Hoisting Machines
9.1.1 Linear-Motor-Driven Elevator Cars
9.1.2 Elevator with Linear Motor in the Pit
9.1.3 Linear Motor in Counterweight
9.1.4 Conventional versus Linear-Motor-Driven Elevator
9.2.1 Vertical Transport in Ultrahigh Buildings
9.2.2 Assessment of Hoist Performance
9.2.3 Construction of Ropeless Elevators
9.3 Horizontal Transportation Systems
9.3.1 Guidelines for Installation
10 Industrial Automation Systems
10.1 Automation of Manufacturing Processes
10.2.3 Replacement of Ball Screws with LSMs
10.3 Linear Positioning Stages
10.5.1 Monorail Material Handling System
10.5.2 Semiconductor Wafer Transport
10.5.3 Capsule-Filling Machine
10.7 Welding and Thermal Cutting
10.8 Surface Treatment and Finishing
10.8.3 Application of Flux-Switching PM Linear Motors
10.9 2D Orientation of Plastic Films
10.10.1 Surface Roughness Measurement
10.10.2 Generator of Vibration
10.11 Industrial Laser Applications
Appendix A Magnetic Circuits with Permanent Magnets
A.1 Approximation of Demagnetization Curve and Recoil Line
A.2.1 Construction of the Operating Diagram
A.2.2 Magnetization without Armature
A.2.3 Magnetization with Armature
A.2.4 Equivalent Magnetic Circuit
Appendix B Calculations of Permeances
B.2 Dividing the Magnetic Field into Simple Solids
B.3 Prisms and Cylinders Located in an Open Space
Appendix C Performance Calculations for PM LSMs
Appendix D Field-Network Simulation of Dynamic Characteristics of PM LSMs