ABR (Auxiliary Bass Radiator), 81
Absolute phase, 291
Acausal responses, 220, 224–5, 376
Acoustic impedance, 7, 99, 196
Acoustic lenses, 117
Acoustic Research, 71
Acoustic source plots, 274, 289, 292–3, 315
Acoustic suspensions, 71
Acoustical Manufacturing Company, 271
Air conditioning, 246
Air, weight of, 1
Amplifier classes, see Biasing class
Angus, Professor James, 394
Antinode, 210, 211, 236, 303, 368
Aquaplas, 28
Audibility of phase (rate of change of), 155
Auditory nerves, 153
Auratone 5C, 232, 255, 297, 327, 329, 334
AX1, 112
Axis tilting, 128
Baffle:
finite, 65
general, 65
open, 65
Bailey, Mark, 319
Bandpass enclosures, 82, 365–6
Bass-guitar/bass-drum balances, 279, 290, 301, 330, 339, 350
Belendiuk and Butler, 306
Bessel filters, 137
Bextrene, 27
Bi-wiring, see Multi-cabling
Biasing class, 158
Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), 163, 164
Blauert and Laws criteria, 295
Blumlein, Alan Dower, 216
Bookshelf loudspeakers, 92–3, 338, 377
Boyle's law, 324
Bradbury, L. J. S., 80
Brownian motion, 271
Cabinet, construction of, 87
Cabinet lining materials, 76–7, 86–7
Cables, gauge of, 167
Campbell, Alex, 146
Capacitance of cables, 168
Celestion loudspeakers, 28, 267
Centre-front channels, 360–1, 372–3
Cepstrum analysis, 118, 289, 295–7
Characteristic impedance, 101, 239
Class A Sliding bias, see Sliding bias Class A
Class B, 160
Class C, 161
Class G, 163
Class H, 163
Close-field, 13, 248–9, 258, 332, 378
Cobalt, 37
Colouration, 51, 56, 87, 118, 218, 263–4, 267–9, 276, 282, 304, 329, 373
Compact disc, 259
Compensation networks, 154
Computer aided design, 246
Concise Oxford Dictionary, 347
Cone sag, 33
Cones, solid, 25
Conjugate networks, 138
Constant voltage sources, 166–7, 326
Converters–D to A, A to D, 147, 149, 162, 189, 194, 223, 301–2, 377–8
Critical damping, 67
Crossover distortion, 160–1, 245, 282
Crossover points, choice of, 242
Crossovers:
inductive, 124
mechanical, 124
passive, 124, 142, 145, 154, 164, 173, 246–7, 335–6
reconstruction problems, 125, 226, 299
resistor/capacitor, 130
second-order, 133
third-order, 134
Crowhurst, N.C., 274
Cut-off frequency, see Horns loudspeakers
Czerwinski, Eugene, 174, 283, 288
Damping, 70, 87, 172, 269, 378
d'Appolito layout, 243
DCW (Directivity Control Waveguide), see Waveguides
Decibel, 379
Delta function, 272, 274, 278, 288–92
Deutsch, Dr Diana, 306
Diffracted waves, 90
Diffraction:
horns, see Horns loudspeakers
Diffusers (acoustic), 242, 355
Digital response correction:
Dipole radiators, 59, 200, 210, 355–6, 374
Dirac function, see Delta function Dirac, Paul, 292
Directivity factor (Q), 198
Directivity index (DI), 198
Disc cutting, 258
Distributed mode loudspeakers (DMLs), 51, 53, 55–6, 61, 355
Dither, 189
Dolby Digital (Surround), 363, 373
Dolby EX, 357
Dolby Stereo, 353
Domes:
hard, 43
Double distance rule, 201, 207
Driver stages, 164
Drone cones, see ABR (Auxiliary Bass Radiator)
Dynamic impedance, 246
Efficiency, see also Electroacoustic efficiency; Radiation efficiency
Electrical protection filters, 327–8, 342, 347
Electroacoustic efficiency, 10, 96, 101, 391
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), 162
Electrostatic loudspeakers, 58–63, 151, 200, 210
EMI (the EMI company), 216
Emilar EK175, 118
Equal loudness contours, 235
Equalisation, one-third octave band, 225, 233
Fahy, Professor Frank, 1
Fidelity – definition of, 347
Field coil, 22
Figure-of-eight radiators, see Dipole radiators
Flare discontinuities, 104, 109, 118
Flare shape, 97
Fletcher-Munson curves, 270, 348
Flush mounting, 88, 91, 211, 233, 254, 261
FM Acoustics, 247
Fosgate, James, 355
Fourier, 292
Fourier transform, 225, 292, 381
Frequency-band splitting, 164–5, 188, 192
Frequency—definition of, 213, 382
Frequency response:
plots, 275
Gerlack, 48
Glaser, Ronald, 190
Grille losses, 92
Group delay, 128, 146–7, 220, 226, 274, 293–5, 299, 382
Haas effect, see Precedence effect
Hair cells, damage to, 250
Harmonic distortion, 157–8, 272, 281, 283
Heaviside function, see Step-function
Height—apparent perception of, 307
Heil air-motion transformer, 50, 52
Heil, Dr Oskar, 51
Hemi-anechoic chambers, 196, 197, 382
Heron, Dr Ken, 51
Heyser, Richard, 271
Hitachi, 163
Holman, Tomlinson, 354–5, 360, 369
Hooke's Law, 34
Horns loudspeakers:
constant directivity, 104
cut-off frequency, 99–100, 108, 122
diffraction, 119
folded, 123
hypex, 121
materials of construction, 119–20
vestigal, 120
Human hearing system, 271
Impulse, see Delta function
Inductive coupling, see Crossovers
Infinite baffle, see Baffle; Sealed box loudspeakers
Inner suspension, 23
Instantaneous current capacity, 158
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR), 112, 146, 306
Intermodulation distortion, 29, 47, 157–9, 164, 192–3, 273, 283, 288
Ionic loudspeakers, 57
Isobaric loudspeakers, 84
JBL L100, 26
JDF, 247
ka, 10
Karlson Coupler, 268
Katz, Dr Shelley, 55
Kelly, Stanley, 49
Kinoshita monitors, 145
Kinoshita, Shozo, 247
Korg, 56
Krell amplifiers, 164
Laplace, Marquis de, 292
Lateral reflexions, 304
Leslie tone-cabinet, 151
LFE, 363
Linear distortion, 157, 264, 276
Lining materials, see Cabinet lining materials
Live-End, Dead-End rooms, 218
Lodge, Sir Oliver, 2
Loudspeaker:
basic groupings, 229
definition of, 1
orientation of, 219
power ratings, 153
sensitivity/efficiency, 246, 330
Low frequency alignments, 68, 75, 81, 243, 263, 320, 338, 347–8
Magnetic gap and coil proportions, 265
Marginal stability, 168
Marshall amplifiers, 267
Masking of detail, 342
Mastering, 258–63, 276, 279–80, 319, 329, 339, 345, 349
Meter bridge (console top) mounting of loudspeakers, 92, 253, 334, 338
Meyer HD2, 121
Mid-field monitors, 258
Minimum audible field, 348
Minimum-phase responses, 140, 220–1, 224–6, 275, 299, 384
Mirrored room analogy, 205
Mobility analogy, 13
Mode, see Resonant mode
Modulation transfer function (MTF), 222, 297–302, 345–50
Mongoloid races, 306
Monopole sources (radiators), 210, 374
Motional feedback, 226
Moving coil cone loudspeakers, 9, 22, 39
Multi-tone testing, 174, 286–8
Multiamplification, 192–3, 247
Mutual coupling, 205, 215, 386–7
Negative feedback, 170, 183, 269
New Transducers Ltd, 51
Noises:
from equipment (physical), 224
in signals, 157
Non-environment rooms, 218
Non-linear distortion, 47, 157, 162, 174, 230, 239, 264
Non-linear system, 272, 285, 323, 388
Non-minimum-phase responses, 140, 146, 220, 223–6, 384
Norcross, S. G., 223
NXT, 51
Off-axis energy, 242, 276, 296, 373
Ohm's law, 14
Oxygen-free copper (OFC), 180
Passive radiator, see ABR (Auxiliary Bass Radiator)
PCM, 162
Pedestal mounting, 338
Pendulum, 208
Perception relative to SPL, 231, 251
Permendur, 37
Phase, 274, 277, 289, 297, 327, 329
Phase dispersion, 11
Phase inverters, see Reflex enclosures
Phase slope, 156
Piezoelectric transducers, 57
Piston radiators, 99, 239, 243
Planar loudspeakers, 63
Plates, vibrations in, 282
PMC (Professional Monitor Company), 78, 260
Power cables, 246
Power ratings of amplifiers, 154
Precedence effect, 217, 372, 390
Pressure source, 210
Pulsating sphere, 40
PWM, 162
Pythagorus’ theorem, 17
Q (directivity factor), see Directivity factor (Q)
Q (quality factor), 65, 68–9, 73, 81, 136, 390
Quad Electrostactic Loudspeaker, 62
Quartz cells, 57
Quested HM415, 247
Quested Loudspeakers, 358
Radiation efficiency, 96, 99, 101, 239, 325
Radio frequency interference (RFI), 188–9
Rattles, 157
Reactance:
general, 7
Reflex cabinets, 71, 200, 260, 326, 328–9
Reflex enclosures, 71
Resistance, 391
Resonant frequency, 87, 239, 324
Resonant mode, 209–10, 236, 303, 366–8, 384–6
Resonant systems, 18, 71, 279, 327
Reverberation chambers, 197, 199, 214, 297
Ribbon loudspeakers, 48
Rice, C., 239
Robinson-Dadson curves, 235, 270, 348
Rochelle salt, 57
Rocking motion, 44
Roederer, J.G., 308
Roll-offs:
at high frequencies, 233
orders of, 129–37, 328, 339, 341, 343, 347
phase effects, 155
Room modes, see Resonant mode
Schottky, 48
SDDS, 357
Sealed box loudspeakers, 65, 67, 76–7, 80, 200, 328–9, 342
Semi-anechoic chambers, 196, 391
Sensation of fidelity, 56, 267
Siemens, Werner, 2
Skin effect, 170
Slew rate, 154
SLS Loudspeakers, 50
Sound, 1
Sound field distortion, 303
Sound power, 96
Sound pressure, 1
Spaciousness, 304
Speaking tubes, 201
Specific acoustic impedance, 7
Speech transmission index (STI), 297, 342, 347
Speed of sound:
in other materials, 147
Sphere, surface area of, 197
Standing waves, 99–100, 209, 392
Step-function, 154–5, 274, 288, 316
Step-function generator, 154, 289, 316
Step response, 128
Stereo, original patent, 216
Strings, harmonic break-up, 282
Sub-woofers:
Sum and difference tones, 273
Super position, principal of, 105
Surround loudspeakers (in cinemas), 373
Surrounds (of loudspeaker diaphragms), 30–1
Suspension, inner, see Spider
Tannoy Dual Concentric loudspeakers, 45, 107, 111–12, 115, 128, 134, 244
Terekhov, Alexander, 174
THD+N, 281
Theile, Neville, 139
Thermal compression, 239, 243, 246, 326
Thomas, Peter, 78
Toyashima, Sam, 358
Transient headroom, 245
Transient response, 69, 75, 154–5, 164, 225–6, 245–6, 292, 299, 327, 350, 366, 393–4
UREI horns, 128
Valve (tube) amplifiers, 151, 164, 168, 269
Velocity component, 208
Vented boxes, see Reflex enclosures Villchur, Edgar, 71
Voice coil, 22–3, 35, 147, 332
Voice coil former, 35
Voice coil temperatures, 35, 37, 39–40, 332
Voight, Paul, 3
Voishvillo, Alexander, 174, 283
Voltage-controlled amplifiers (VCAs), 189
Volume-velocity sources, 9, 210, 239, 321
Waste heat, 30, 237, 239, 243, 252, 265, 323, 326, 332
Waterfall plots, 255, 277, 289, 315, 322–3, 332, 344, 346
Wattless power, 17
Waveguides, 92, 115, 120–1, 245
Wedges, anechoic, 196
Work, 19
Yamaha NS10M, 92, 164, 232, 253, 255, 279, 327, 329, 334
Zobel filter, 189
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