C

Starts up from a CD

D

Starts up from the first partition

N

Starts up from network server

R

Resets the laptop screen

T

Puts the Mac into FireWire Target Disk mode

X

Starts up in Mac OS X (if 9 is on the same disk)

Option

Shows icons of all startup disks and partitions, so you can choose one for starting up.

Shift-Option--Delete

Starts up from external drive (or CD)

Option--P-R

Zaps the parameter RAM (PRAM). (Hold down until you hear the second chime.)

Option--O-F

Brings up Open Firmware screen (pre-Intel Macs).

-V

Shows Unix console messages during startup, logout, and shutdown

-S

Starts up in single-user (Unix command-line) mode

Mouse down

Ejects a stuck CD or DVD

Shift

Just after powering up: Turns off kernel extensions

Shift

Just after logging in: Prevents Finder windows and startup items from opening. (They’ll return the next time you start up.)

-Space

Highlights Spotlight box

Option--Space

Opens Spotlight window

,

Expands or collapses a selected folder in list view

Option-

Expands a folder in a list view and all folders inside it

Option-

Collapses folder and all folders inside it

-

Opens parent folder

Shift-Option--

Selects the Desktop

- (or -O)

Opens the selected icon

Option-click the flippy triangle

Expands or collapses all folders within that window

Tab

Selects next icon alphabetically

Shift-Tab

Selects previous icon alphabetically

Space bar

Opens Quick Look preview of highlighted icon(s)

Space bar

(During a spring-loaded folder drag) Opens the disk or folder under mouse immediately

Option--drag

Scrolls a Finder window in any direction (list or icon view)

Option-click the Zoom button

Enlarges the window to full screen

Option-click Close button

Closes all Finder windows

-drag an icon

Moves it into, or out of, the System folder (administrator password required)

Option

Changes Quick Look button to Slideshow button

-drag

Rearranges or removes menulets or toolbar icons

-click window title

Opens a pop-up menu showing the folder path

Option-click the Minimize button

Minimizes all windows (works in most programs)

Option

Changes “About This Mac” to “System Profiler”

Option

Eliminates confirmation box from Restart, Shut Down, and Log Out

Option

Eliminates confirmation box from Empty Trash and Secure Empty Trash

Shift--Q

Logs out

Shift-Option--Q

Logs out without confirmation box

Shift--Delete

Empties the Trash

Shift-Option--Delete

Empties the Trash without confirmation box

Option-"Empty Trash”

Empties the Trash without confirmation box

-comma

Opens Preferences

-H

Hide This Program

Shift--H

Hide Other Programs

-N

New Finder Window

Shift--N

New Folder

Option--N

New Smart Folder

-O or -

Open

Control--O

Open in New Window

Option-click File menu

Changes “Open With” to “Always Open With”

-W

Close Window

Option--W

Close All

-I

Get Info

Option--I

Show Inspector

Control--I

Summary Info (of selected icons)

-D

Duplicate

-L

Make Alias

-Y

Quick Look

Option--Y

Slideshow (of selected icons)

-R

Show Original (of alias)

-T

Add to Sidebar

Shift--T

Add to Favorites

Shift-Delete

Move to Trash

-E

Eject

-F

Find

Shift--F

Find by Name

-Z

Undo

-C, -X, -V

Copy, Cut, Paste

-A

Select All

Option--A

Deselect All

−1, −2, −3, −4

Icon, List, Column, Cover Flow views

Control-−1, −2, −3, −4, −5, −6

Arrange by Name, Date Modified, Date Created, Size, Kind, Label

Option

Changes “Clean Up Selection” to “Clean Up”

Option

Changes “Keep Arranged By” to “Arrange By”

Option--T

Show/Hide Toolbar

-J

Show/Hide View Options palette

-[, -]

Back, Forward

-

Enclosing folder

Control--

Enclosing folder in new window

Shift--C

Computer window

Shift--H

Home window

Shift--D

Desktop window

Shift--K

Network window

Shift--I

Open iDisk

Shift--A

Applications window

Shift--G

Go to Folder

-K

Connect to Server

-M

Minimize

Option--M

Minimize All

Option

Changes “Bring All to Front” to “Arrange in Front”

Shift--?

Opens Help search box

Control-

Brings up dialog box for shutdown, sleep, or restart

Option--

Sleep

Control-Option--

Shut Down

Control--power

Restart

Option-click a Dock icon

Switches to new program and hides previous one

Option--D

Hides/shows the Dock

-click a Dock or Stacks icon

Reveals its actual Finder icon

Option--click a Dock icon

Switches to this program and hides all others

Control-click a Dock icon

Opens a shortcut menu

-drag an icon onto a Dock icon

Prevents Dock icons from moving, so you can drop your icon onto one of them

-drag a Dock icon

Drags the actual item

Option--drag an icon onto the Dock

Forces Dock program icon to open the icon you’re dropping

Option-click a Dock icon

Switches to new program and hides previous one

Option-click in a window

Switches to new program and hides previous one

-H

Hide this program’s windows (works in most apps)

Option--H

Hide all other programs’ windows (most apps)

F8

Spaces: Enters “big picture” view of your virtual screens (if you’ve turned on Spaces)

Shift-F8

Spaces: Enters “big picture” view in slow motion

Control-1, 2, 3, 4...

Jump to a specific Spaces screen

Control-, ,,

Next Spaces screen in this direction

F9

Exposé: Shrinks and tiles all windows in all programs

Shift-F9

Exposé: Shrinks and tiles all windows in slow motion

F10

Exposé: Shrinks and tiles all windows in frontmost program

F11

Exposé: Flings all windows in all programs to edges of screen, revealing desktop

F12

Dashboard widgets

-Tab

Press and release: Switches back and forth between current and previous open program

-Tab

Hold down : Displays floating icons of open programs. Press Tab repeatedly to cycle through them. (Add Shift to cycle backward through open programs on the Dock.)

-~

Switches to next open window in this program. (Add Shift to cycle in the opposite direction.)

Option--Esc

Opens the Force Quit dialog box (to close a stuck program)

Shift--3

Captures the screen image as a PDF file on your desktop

Shift--4

Produces a crosshair; drag to capture a selected portion of the screen as a PDF graphics file. (Press Space to get the “camera” cursor that snips out just a menu, icon, or window.)

-Space

Switches keyboard layout (if more than one is installed). (If you use Spotlight, you must choose a different keystroke for this function.)

-comma

Opens Preferences dialog box (any Apple program)

Esc

“Clicks” the Cancel button in a dialog box

Enter

“Clicks” the OK button (or other blue, highlighted button) in a dialog box

Option--F

Moves insertion point to the Search box in most Apple programs

-D, -R

“Clicks” the Don’t Save or Replace button