Index

A

Accounting Department, 80-81

Actual rating, 360-361, 405, 471, 472

Advertising agency, 5-6, 16-18, 24-30, 36-37, 40-44, 58-59, 69-70, 79-80, 84-86, 354ff., 431-437, 451-456, 486ff., 519-520

as an entity, 353-354, 355, 487-491, 523

CRUD check example, 523-524

in data dictionary, 405, 449

in event-responses, 469, 473-475

new, 25, 42, 53-54, 371, 414, 438-439 441-449, 485

in Piccadilly context diagram, 348-350, 355-356, 431-432

Advertising budget, 4-6, 36-37, 41-42, 365, 455-456

Advertising campaign, 5-6, 25, 41-42, 70, 451

as an entity, 22, 354-355, 363

in data dictionary, 365, 405

Advertising revenue, 16-18, 29, 40-41, 69, 80, 464-469

Agreed campaign, 349, 406, 435-436

Airline passenger check-in system, 188-189, 545-546

Airtime analysis, 5-6, 24-25, 407

report, 41

Airtime sales system, 7, 16-19, 24-28, 39-44, 45

context diagram for, 347-348, 431-432

implementation of, 79-88

Ale exercise, 233, 557-558

Algorithm:

in data dictionary, 228, 289

in mini specification, 283-284

ratecard, 468-469

Alias, 231, 582

Allocated event-response model, 78, 80-89, 94, 97, 314-315, 327, 330-331, 582

Analysis model, 7-9, 13-14, 33, 75, 91-94, 102, 105-114, 130-137, 582

See also Data dictionary; Data flow diagram; Entity-relationship diagram; Event-response model

as estimating tool, 98-99, 328, 331

as management tool, 88, 95, 99-100, 328

as presentation tool, 100-101, 390

correctness criteria for, 75

reusing, 101

stand-alone, 70, 516, 519-520

top-down, 196, 204-205

Analysis strategy, 7-9, 11, 20-21, 65-66, 91-102, 278

detailed, 18-19, 21, 99, 351, 355, 364, 384, 519-520, 585

object-oriented systems and, 338-344

spiral development, 99

Animal file example, 161-164

Application class, 338, 342

Arango, G., 101, 575

Association, 151, 230, 293, 582

Asynchronous model, 123, 582

Attribute, 22, 34, 56, 66, 71, 93, 333, 582

CRUD check and, 72, 269-270, 277

in data dictionary, 37, 149, 366

of an entity, 37, 66, 146-150, 163-164, 354

foreign key and, 153-154

of a relationship, 151, 159-160, 163

stored, 527

Attribution, 157, 163-164, 365-366, 443

Audience measurement bureau, 5, 16, 28, 469-473

Audit, 259, 264

Author/book enquiry example, 292-294

Automatic cassette recording (ACR), 30, 82, 407, 475-476

Automobile policy example, 274, 275

Available technology, 77, 89, 96, 307ff.

B

Balancing, 31, 43, 201-206, 509

Diagram 0 and context, 32, 376, 391

exercise, 205-206, 552-553

rule, 201-205, 582

Banking system example, 134, 210, 212

Barbican Centre exercise, 171-173, 540-542

Batched data, 312, 327

Behavioral model, 88, 96, 321-322, 582

Blake Hall, 24, 40, 89, 516-518, 520

statement of, 69-70

Blitzing, 268

Boehm, B., 330, 576

Böhm, C, 106, 282-284

Booch, G., 96, 344, 576

Border guard edit, 260, 316-317

Bottom-up approach, 199-201, 205, 387-390

See also Leveled approach

Boundary data flow, 21, 45, 47, 65-66, 91, 123, 213-214, 228, 241, 339, 342, 452, 525, 547

data carriers and, 313

defined, 117, 582

in Diagram 0, 370

to find entities, 157-158

to identify events, 255-256, 354, 520

in implementation model, 327-328

Piccadilly’s, 347-352, 354

tagged for event list, 50, 431-432

Break: See Commercial break

Breakchart, 25-28, 41, 61, 79, 83-85, 315, 435, 493-495, 504-507

in data dictionary, 408, 488, 495, 505

day, 360-361, 408

in Diagram 0, 369, 372

Breaksheet, 26

Break transmission schedule, 27, 30, 80, 409, 498

Bricklin, D, 236

British television industry, 4-6, 15-19, 51, 70, 369-370

Broadcasting Board, 4-6, 16, 26, 360, 362, 434, 513

Broadcasting rule, 26, 363, 409, 513-514

Broad rate, 17, 36, 40, 385, 469

Bubble, 18, 107-108, 116, 583

See also Process

numbering system of, 197, 442

Budget (agency), 5-6, 37, 41-42, 365, 455-456

Business policy, 22, 76, 135, 143, 152, 180-181, 211, 216, 235-243, 255, 351, 449, 583

data model and, 145-164, 353, 363, 518

of Mallard Travel system, 164-170

Piccadilly, 22, 30-32, 40-43, 56, 91-94, 137, 351, 354, 363-364, 365, 375

C

Calculations, defining, 228

specifying, 197, 281, 283-287, 289-290

Campaign requirements, 16, 22, 25, 41-42, 61, 79, 83, 85-86, 348-350, 435 454-462

as an entity, 354, 365

in data dictionary, 365, 410, 454, 488

Capacity factor, 314, 329-330

Cardinality, 267, 583

in data dictionary, 225, 366, 385

in data model, 22, 154-156, 357-358

CASE tool, 13, 34, 100, 268, 527, 583

for cost estimation, 328

for data flow diagram drawing, 185-186, 548

Cavemen’s hunting system, 107-112, 531-532

Chen, P., 338, 576

Chen diagram, 20, 146

See also Data model

Child diagram, 39, 195-207, 387-393, 552-554, 583

exercises, 205-207, 552-554

Class, 96, 336-343

Client-server architecture, 312

Cloning objects from classes, 336

Comment:

in data dictionary, 226, 227, 229-230, 365, 394-395

in data flow diagram, 43-44

Commercial Booking Department, 24, 25-28, 30, 41-43, 79-83, 89, 372-374, 434, 492, 493-494, 498, 513

Diagram 0 of, 369, 391, 397

Diagram 4 of, 402

Commercial break, 6, 16-17, 25-30, 35-37, 40, 79-80, 471

in data dictionary, 411

in data model, 354-355, 360-364

viewer response, 517-519

Commercial copy, 18, 30, 349, 481-484

in data dictionary, 411

in data model, 363-364, 474-475

Commercial spot, 16-18, 25, 36-37, 79-80, 315, 360, 435-437

See also Preemption

administrator, 25-28

as an entity, 353-355, 492

cancellation, 42, 390, 426, 487-491

in context diagram, 348, 349, 355-357

in data dictionary, 411

in data model, 363-364

displaced, 27, 412, 436, 497

duration, 25-27, 365, 380-381, 426

moveability, 17, 26-27, 36-37, 61, 379, 384, 494, 495

price, 17, 18, 28, 61, 380-381, 427, 455-456, 493-495

rate, 384-385, 464-469

slotting, 27, 495-497

sticker, 27, 427, 494

transmission time, 17, 18, 28, 29-30, 427, 498-501

upgrade, 18, 25, 42, 436, 491-493

Communication skills, 102, 187, 209, 268, 322

Complexity:

of business descriptions, 51

of data flow, 65-66, 456

of design, 78

of essential activity, 62-63

of event, 65-66

Composite data flow, 201-203

Composite data store, 203-204

Composite identifier, 229, 405

Computer Department, 18, 24, 25, 29, 42, 439

Diagram 0 of, 369, 391, 397

Diagram 1 of, 398

Computer technology, 46, 76-77, 133, 135, 237-240, 307-331

capacity and, 329-330

context diagram and, 124-125

current, 77, 209-219, 236-237

design path and, 343-344

Piccadilly’s, 4, 18-19, 29, 31, 81-89, 94-96

Context diagram, 16, 18-19, 20-22, 91-94, 100, 213-219, 243

as input to data model, 21, 157, 164-170, 214-216, 354-356, 361-364

as input to event list, 50-51, 250-252, 276-277, 431-434

balancing, 30-32, 376, 390-393

for Clearing House, 189-190, 536-538

defined, 123, 583

for employment agency, 124

for hotel room exercise, 553

in leveled set, 194-195

for Morey Saint-Denis system, 549

new requirements and, 69-71, 74, 351

numbered for event list, 432-434

Piccadilly’s, 7, 16, 19, 20-22, 30-31, 34, 45-46, 137, 339-342, 347-352, 361-364, 375

Piccadilly’s updated, 369-371, 392, 396

for Regional Theater Casting system, 214

for taxi system, 247

Context of event-response, 56, 65-68, 438-440, 451-458

Context of study, 18-19, 45-46, 65-66, 75-76, 81, 583

changing, 70, 92, 304, 350-351

CRUD check and, 75, 269-270, 525-526

data dictionary definitions and, 222-223, 227

Diagram 0 and, 45

identifying, 91-92, 98-99, 135, 193-195, 213-216, 348-349

new requirements and, 70, 77, 93, 299-305

in object-oriented environment, 340-344

Piccadilly’s, 347-349, 374-375

stored data in, 20-21

users’ agreement of, 17, 123, 213, 348-349

verifying, 31, 75, 93, 215-216, 370-371, 525-526

Continuous data element, 227

Continuous processing, 439, 451

Contract workers pay system, 281-289

Control flow, 325, 545

Controlling complexity, 65-66, 193-207, 389-390

Control structure, 123, 179

Copy disposal instructions, 30, 412, 477

Copy transmission instructions, 30

in context diagram, 349, 360-361

in data dictionary, 412

in event-response, 473-475

Cost factor, 309-311, 314

Create operator, 56, 63, 72-73, 170, 444, 448-449

in CRUD table, 72-73, 521-523, 525

Credit card example, 301-303

Cross references, 88

in CRUD table, 526

in mini specification, 275, 284

CRUD check, 56, 72-73, 75, 93, 269-270, 275-277, 444, 448, 464, 521-527, 583

of context, 75, 269-270, 525-526

CRUD operator, 56, 63, 471-472, 490-492, 503, 512

CRUD table, for Piccadilly, 72-73, 521-524

Current physical model, 40-43, 45-46, 49-51, 77, 92-93, 209-219, 242-243, 245-247, 369-376

abbreviated, 269

as input to essential model, 254-255, 259-260, 277

of banking system, 134, 210-211

defined, 209, 583

of dental system, 265

numbering in, 431-433

Piccadilly’s, 39-43, 45-47, 49-51, 53-54, 61-63, 92-93, 339-340, 431-434, 438-439

Piccadilly’s complete, 394-430

of Piccadilly’s organization, 23-24, 30-31, 369-376, 392, 396

for Sales Department, 388, 400, 434

time to build, 374

Current physical viewpoint, 39, 134-135, 209-219, 393

Current system, 7-8, 209-219, 223

environment, 308ff.

implementation, 46-47, 55, 77-78, 134-135, 161, 200, 210-211, 393, 394, 441-442

Piccadilly’s, 16-18, 23-31, 40-43, 46, 369-376, 396, 463-515

Custodial activity, 269, 584

Sid Edison radio example, 569-571

Custodial processing, 73, 584

D

Dagenham Heathway, 24, 28, 372-374

Data:

names, 231

physical description of, 223, 231, 315, 326-327

redundant, 56, 73, 93, 287

viewpoint, 20-22, 45-47, 123, 135-136

Database:

designer, 76, 230, 330

management system, 76, 85, 154, 181-182

Piccadilly’s, 441

Data carrier, 78, 80-88, 95, 96, 313-316

Data Conservation, Rule of, 116, 124, 176, 188, 278, 545

Data container, 78, 96, 148, 313, 330

Data dictionary, 9, 11, 13, 34, 35, 37, 46, 56, 58, 63, 116, 117, 221-234, 278-281, 584

balancing and, 202-203

Barbican Centre example, 541

continuous vs. discrete values in, 227

CRUD check and, 73

current physical model and, 100

data model and, 145-146

defining algorithms in, 228, 289

defining attributes in, 34, 56, 148, 366, 383

defining data flows in, 34, 56, 62, 66, 75, 93, 94-96, 220-230, 231-232, 315

defining entities in, 37, 66, 93, 228-230, 365-366, 383

defining relationships, 228-230, 384-385

design and implementation details in, 95-96, 309, 315, 327-328, 330

employment agency example, 533-534

exercises, 232-234, 555-560

Hoppers Choppers, 296

mini specification and, 58-59, 447

names in, 378-379

new programme exercise, 34-35, 377-379

new requirements and, 70, 75, 516-520

notation, 34, 162, 224-226, 229-230, 365-366, 378, 380, 393

operators in, 224-226

pay contract workers system, 281-282

physical description in, 223, 231, 315, 326-327

for Piccadilly, 7, 33-37, 54, 91-94

Piccadilly’s complete, 405-430

precedence rules in, 378-379

redundant, 56, 73, 93

underlining in, 168, 229

Data element:

as attribute, 37, 66, 147-150, 158-160, 162, 366

in boundary data flow, 66, 354

in class or class hierarchy, 336-338

continuous vs. discrete, 227

CRUD check and, 73, 526-527

in data dictionary, 35, 62-63, 93, 118, 220, 226, 227, 366, 380

in data flow, 34, 117-118, 197-198

encapsulating, 333-336, 344

primitive, 226, 227

stored, 37

Data flow, 584

See also Boundary data flow

allocating to data carrier, 83-84, 313-315

complexity of, 66

components of, 179, 193-195, 204-205

composite, 179, 203

composition in data dictionary, 34, 56, 62, 66, 75, 93, 221-222, 224-229, 315

crossing, 186

events and, 276-277, 431-434

external, 202, 350

incoming/outgoing, 50, 62, 98, 108, 110, 113-123, 248, 250-258, 294

internal, 350, 434

naming, 119, 178-179, 210, 220, 351, 372, 537

physical characteristics of, 95-96

in transaction synchronization

model, 324-325

triggering, 65, 177, 249-250, 315, 439, 454, 527

unnamed, 179-180, 456-457, 552

Data flow diagram, 9, 113-129, 174-192, 322-324, 584

See also Leveling; Process model; System environment model

as a presentation tool, 387ff.

as a working model, 115-120

balancing, 31, 43, 201ff.

current physical, 30-31, 280

drawing rules, 185-187

exercises, 126-129, 187-191, 205-207, 531-532, 533-538, 544-550, 552-554

leveled, 45, 109-110, 121ff., 193-208, 216ff., 275-276, 387-393

of Piccadilly organization, 30-31

of Sales Department, 44, 387-392

Data model, 7, 20-22, 46, 135, 145-173, 339, 385-386, 584

See also Entity; Event-response data model; Relationship; Stored data

of banking system, 134-136

of Barbican Centre exercise, 540-542

cardinality in, 22, 154-156, 357-364

first-cut, 91-94, 100, 170, 367, 381-382, 405

new requirements and, 517-518

Piccadilly’s, 34, 46-47, 70, 73, 137

Piccadilly’s first-cut (preliminary), 21-22, 30-31, 62, 91-94, 100, 214-215, 340, 353, 364, 366-367, 373, 385

Piccadilly’s system, 93, 514

Piccadilly’s updated, 371, 381-384, 405

Data storage and retrieval, 180-182, 392

duplicated, 443-445

specifying, 142-143, 291-294

Data store, 65-66, 115-116, 118-121, 142-143, 145-146, 180-182, 217, 237, 532

See also Stored data

allocating to data container, 84-87, 315

balancing, 203-204

in data dictionary, 220, 224, 228-230, 233, 315

defined, 120, 584

event response and, 438-439

false, 260-261, 587

notation, 115, 120

physical, 53, 63, 325, 451-452

in transaction synchronization model, 326-327

unnamed data flows and, 179-180, 456-457

Decision table, 287-290, 294, 585

for Hopper’s Choppers, 572

Decision tree, 290, 294, 585

Decomposition, 32, 63, 76, 142, 226, 279

See also Leveling; Partitioning

Delete operator, 56, 63, 72-73, 170, 521-527

in CRUD table, 72-73, 521-527

DeMarco, T., 100, 183, 328, 576-577

Design, 585

activity, 75-78, 307-331

constraints, 77-78, 94-98

implementation of, 80-89

path, 97-98, 342-344

tasks in implementation model, 76-78, 88-89, 94-96, 327-328

template, 321, 343

Design strategy, 76-78, 80-89, 94-98

detailed, 76-78, 96-98, 322-325, 585

external vs. internal, 76, 81-85, 94-96, 307-309, 317-318, 587, 588

for object-oriented environment, 96, 332ff, 343

preliminary, 76-78, 79ff., 94-96, 137, 589

spiral development, 99

Diagram 0, 195, 196, 200-201, 216, 217

balancing, 201ff., 370-371

for Clearing House, 547

exercises, 205-207

Piccadilly’s, 32, 43-44, 45, 369ff., 391, 397

E

Employment agency system, 115-127, 326, 533-535

Encapsulation, 333, 339, 342, 344

Entity, 22, 32, 34, 62-63, 145-164, 220, 241-242, 339, 365-366, 585

in data dictionary, 66, 93, 220, 228-232, 365-366, 383-384

rules of thumb to find, 150-160

Entity-relationship approach, 338

Entity-relationship diagram, 9, 146

See also Data model

Essence, 137, 211, 218, 237-239, 305, 441, 461, 585

Essential activity, 58ff., 268-269, 280, 458-461

Essential analysis, 218, 338, 586

Essential data, 93, 211, 241, 255-259, 279, 444-445

allocating, 80, 84-87

stores, 46, 56, 62, 84-85, 240-242, 308, 443-445

Essential data flow, allocating, 85-87, 313-315

Essential event-response data model, 47, 59, 268, 278, 294, 441-442, 448-449, 458-459

Essential event-response process model, 47, 59, 64, 84, 268, 278, 294, 442, 456, 458

Essential model, 45ff., 65-66, 92, 218, 242, 254ff., 276

See also Essential requirements model

Essential requirements, 7, 45-48, 49-52, 66, 75, 143, 180, 218, 235-243, 245-248, 259-260, 280, 464ff., 515, 580

design and implementation of, 76-78, 80-90, 94-98, 307-331

Essential requirements model, 45-47, 69ff., 91-94, 137, 245-248, 309-310, 404, 449, 586

Essential stored data, 443ff.

specifying, 84ff., 291-294

Essential viewpoint, 7-8, 46-47, 62-63, 75-76, 135, 235-244, 586

Estimation technique, 98-99, 328-331

Event, 246-277, 431ff., 586

external, 49-51, 65, 248-254, 277, 431ff., 586

missing, 56, 72, 93, 269, 523-526

model, allocated, 80-89, 94-98, 314-315, 327-331, 582

naming, 49-52, 65, 246-247, 431-437

partitioning, 49-50, 65-66, 78, 93, 248-277, 314, 366-367, 386, 434, 586

temporal, 50, 65, 249-252, 264, 276, 434, 501-511, 518

Event list, 49-52, 251-252, 433, 563, 586

Piccadilly’s, 49-52, 60, 67, 71, 74, 93, 433

Event response:

allocating, 83-90, 314

CRUD check and, 56, 72-73, 521-527

defined, 248, 586

for Piccadilly, 53ff., 60ff., 70, 93-94, 431-437, 438ff., 451-462, 463-469

Event-response data model, 55-56, 65-66, 75, 93-94, 257ff., 294, 367, 457, 586

Event-response model, 8, 47, 53-54, 245-277, 278, 515, 587

allocated, 78, 81-90, 94, 96, 314-315, 327, 330, 582

exercises, 265-270, 561-571

mini specification and, 58-59, 63

for new requirements, 70, 301-305, 516-520

notation in, 271-274

numbering, 438, 442, 456

Piccadilly’s, 53-54, 65-66, 93-94, 339, 385-386

refining, 55-57, 62-63, 257-264, 441-445, 453-457, 461-462, 464ff.

Event-response process model, 21, 55, 66, 92-93, 254-256, 280, 293, 587

Piccadilly’s, 53, 75, 92-94

F

False data store, 260-261, 498, 587

Flavin, M., 338, 577

Flight reservation system, 323-325

Foreign key, 153-154, 241, 587

Frankston, R., 236

Functional component, 110-111, 123-125, 142, 278

Functional primitive, 75, 197-201, 243, 587

specifying, 279-281

Functional process, 183-184, 199, 389-390

Fundamental activity, 50, 269, 434, 587

Fundamental processing, 587

G

Government Research Paper Clearing House, 128-129, 189-190, 536-538, 547-548

Grouping processes, 43, 388, 389-390

H

Hayakawa, S., 223

Head-sized piece, 109, 121, 367, 587

High-level diagram, 193ff., 388, 389-390

I

Identifiers:

composite, 229, 405

unique, 229, 405, 474

Implementation, 75-78, 230, 587

constraints, 76-78, 94-96, 307-331

of data, 223-224, 230, 326-327

of essential requirements, 134-135, 307-331

model, 76-78, 80-81, 88, 94-96, 307-309, 315-316, 588

of Piccadilly system, 79-89, 94-96

Implementation-dependent processes and data, 54, 55, 62, 66, 223, 230, 280, 441-445, 461

Implementation process, 441-442, 445-446

Information model, 20, 146

See also Data model

Inheritance, 336-338

Input data, 215, 220-221

in data dictionary, 230-231, 278

Instance, 588

of an entity, 22, 146-150, 157

of an object, 333

Interface, 110-111, 183-184, 199-200, 349, 588

in implementation model, 78, 94, 327, 330

messy, 216-217

minimizing, 199-201, 275, 389-390, 434

process notation, 324

simulated automated, 86, 322

specified in data dictionary, 310

technological, 86-87, 309-313

user, 76, 82-83, 320-321

Internal design, 76-78, 83-85, 94-96, 307ff, 588

Interprocessor interface, 87, 94-95, 315, 330

J

Jacobson, I., 344, 578

Jacopini, 106, 282-284, 576

Judgmental process, 184-185, 290-291, 311, 549

K

Key field, 168, 588

Kitchen design example, 318-319

L

Leveling:

defined, 121, 588

downward, 43, 63, 194-198, 216, 279, 375, 459

exercises, 205-207, 552-554

upward, 43, 199-201, 275, 388, 389-390, 459

Lister, T., 577, 583

Lower-level diagram, 7, 39, 194-207, 217-218, 372, 552-554

See also Child diagram

Piccadilly’s, 370, 388, 389-390, 397-403, 431

M

Mallard Travel system, 164-170

Many-to-many relationship, 155, 160

in Piccadilly data model, 357ff.

Map, 113-114, 130-132, 194, 320

McMenamin, S., 66, 268, 269, 338, 578

Mellor, S., 96, 344, 579, 580

Message, flow, 96, 334-336, 340-342

Meyer, B., 96, 578

Miller, G., 196, 578

Mini specification, 8, 11, 58-59, 63, 66, 93, 109, 116, 121, 183, 184-185, 217, 269, 279-297, 463ff., 532

briefer form of, 448-449

calculations and, 228

composite identifiers in, 405

cross referencing in, 275, 284

CRUD check and, 73, 151, 448-449

data dictionary and, 58, 448

exercises, 294, 295-297, 573-574

functional primitive and, 75, 197-198

Piccadilly’s, 58-59, 63, 93, 447-450, 451, 459-461, 463, 467ff.

Miss Tweedy’s Dating Service, 174-186, 290-291

MOe & LARry Dental system, 250-252, 255, 257-259, 261-268, 270

exercise, 265-266, 561-562

Morey Saint-Denis system, 191, 549-550

Moveability, spot, 17, 18, 27, 28, 36-37, 61, 379-380, 414

Myers, G., 96, 579

N

Naming conventions:

for data flows, 118-119, 178-179, 210, 220, 351, 375, 537

for events, 50, 65, 247, 372, 431-437

for processes, 183, 389

for terminators, 537

NanoSoft Corporation, 138-142

Nelson Buzzcott Employment Agency, 115-127, 326

exercise, 126-127, 533-535

New implementation environment, 77, 79-89, 136

New physical model, 78, 79-89, 136, 137, 305, 307-331, 589

New physical viewpoint, 8, 136, 307-331

Notation:

in data dictionary, 37, 162, 224-226, 229, 231, 232, 365-366, 378-379, 380, 393

in data flow diagram, 115-117, 181, 185, 291

in data model, 148

in mini specification, 281ff.

O

Object, 332-344, 589

Object-oriented design, 96, 332-344, 589

One-to-many relationship, 155, 160, 167

in Piccadilly data model, 357-362

One-to-one relationship, 155, 160, 357ff.

Output data, 215, 220

defined in data dictionary, 231, 278

P

Page-Jones, M., 96, 579

Palmer, J., 66, 268, 269, 338, 342, 578

Parent bubble, 43, 196-197, 201, 202-204

exercise, 206-207, 553

Parent diagram, 195, 197, 202-207, 393, 589

balancing, 43, 201-203

numbering, 195-197

Participation, 170-171, 366, 589

Partitioning, 31, 43-44, 45, 145-146, 183, 216-217

allocation, implementation and, 96, 314-315

into data flows, 125, 142

defined, 199, 589

into entities and relationships, 146, 156-160

into event-responses, 49-50, 66, 78, 99, 248-277, 314-315

exercise, 207, 554

functional, 93, 109, 110-111, 183-184, 199-201, 207, 216, 279, 547, 587

logical, 199, 216-217

at narrowest interface, 110-111, 183, 199

Perry Vale, 24, 29-30, 34-35, 371, 377-379, 434

Physical data, 53, 56, 62-63, 280, 443-445, 451ff.

in event-response model, 259-260

implementation of, 223, 230

Physical file, 62-63, 445, 451-452, 457, 465ff

Physical modeling, 7, 39-40, 209-219, 242, 268, 280

for events, 53-54, 56, 62-63, 431-437, 438-440, 441-442, 451ff.

Physical process, 281, 294

in event-response model, 53-54, 56, 62-63, 259-260, 436, 438ff., 451-457, 464ff.

Physical processor: See Processor

Physical requirements, 315-316

Physical viewpoint, 7-8, 374

See also Current physical; New physical

Piccadilly Television, 4-8, 16-19, 23-31, 39-44, 45-46, 369-376

context diagram of, 7, 16, 18, 20-22, 30-31, 34, 137, 339, 347-352, 363, 370, 376, 392, 396

current physical models of, 23ff., 39ff., 45-47, 49-51, 394-430

data model of, 21-22, 30, 34, 37, 46-47, 49, 70-71, 74, 137

Diagram 0 of, 32, 43-44, 45, 369, 390, 391, 394, 397

system data model of, 56, 93, 266-268, 277, 457-458, 514, 591

updated data model, 371-372, 373, 381-382, 404

Pointer, 241, 310, 311

Policy statement:

of Blake Hall, 69-70

to build data model, 171

of Dollis Hill, 61-62

of duck race, 150-153

of pay contract workers system, 281-282

of Piccadilly, 16-18, 23-32

of Stamford Brook, 40-43, 58-59, 79-80

Predicted rating, 42-43, 61, 79, 469-473, 511-512

in data dictionary, 417

in data model, 360-361

Preemption, 6, 18, 25-27, 37, 42

replacement, 42, 390, 435-437, 417

warning, 18, 25, 42, 349, 417, 504-506

Preliminary data model: See Data model

Preliminary design, 76-78, 80-81, 94-96, 589

model, 136

Primitive data element, 227-230

Private stored data, 63, 493

Process, 18-19, 108, 115-125, 142, 220, 231, 590

allocating to processors, 314-315

as functional primitive, 75, 99, 197-198, 243, 278, 279-281, 587

as part of a class or object, 332-344

complexity and, 193-197, 389-393

duplicate, 370, 464-467, 493-495

functional, 183-184, 389-390

grouping, 198-201, 387-390

judgmental, 184-185, 290-291, 311, 549-550

mini specification and, 115-116, 278ff. naming, 183-185, 389

numbering of, 197, 442

Rule of Data Conservation and, 116, 124, 175, 176, 188-189, 278, 455, 545, 590

specifying, 278-297, 590

in transaction synchronization model, 324-325

Process model, 6-8, 20-22, 156, 176-177, 182-185, 290-291, 339-340, 366-367, 541-542, 590

See also Event-response process model

Processor, 77, 80-81, 94-96, 245-246, 248, 259-260, 309, 310-331, 590

allocation and, 78, 81-84, 313-315

client-server architecture, 312

model partitioning and, 81-83, 199-201, 245-246

Programme supplier, 4-6, 16, 29, 34-35, 82

in data dictionary, 377-379, 381, 383, 420

in data model, 359, 382

Programme Transmission Department, 18, 24, 27, 29-30, 34-35, 79-83, 369, 371-374, 434, 476, 478, 481, 483, 513

Diagram 0 of, 369, 391, 397

Diagram 5 of, 403

Programme transmission schedule, 16, 25, 26, 29, 42, 61, 360-361, 371-372, 373, 432-434, 507-510

in data dictionary, 420, 507

Programming language, 29, 76, 96-97, 282, 309, 324

object-oriented, 332-333, 343

Programming plan, 29-30, 420

Programming rules, 4, 6, 16-18, 25, 28, 29-30, 420-421, 513-514

in data dictionary, 421

in data model, 361-363

Project estimate, 93, 98-99, 328-330

Project plan, 93, 100-101, 305, 331

Project scope, 6-7, 18-19, 20-22, 30, 117, 123-125, 213-216

Piccadilly’s, 30, 91-94, 137, 347-352, 396

Prototype, 78, 86, 308, 315, 326, 330, 590

automated, 86, 96, 322, 330

Q

Question mark notation, 21, 31, 536

in data dictionary, 37, 377-378, 379-380, 381, 405

R

Ratecard, 17-18, 25, 28, 35-36, 40-42, 61, 350, 361, 374

in data dictionary, 37, 379-380, 384, 421

in event-responses, 464-467

Ratings: See Television ratings

Reference operator, 56, 63, 73, 170, 444, 448-449, 521ff.

Relationship, 21-22, 32, 34, 56, 62, 66, 71, 146, 150-171, 220, 240-242, 590

attributes and, 151-152, 158-160, 364, 366

CRUD check and, 56, 63, 73, 170, 521-527

in data dictionary, 66, 93, 220, 228-232, 365-366

naming, 152, 159, 367

rules of thumb to find, 150-153, 159-160, 355-357

specifying in structured language, 292-294

Repartitioning, 199-201

into event-responses, 50

exercise, 207, 554

Repeating group, 162, 224, 229, 380, 590

Repetition construct, 106, 282-284, 590

Requirements, 69ff, 123, 136, 299ff., 307-309

See also Essential requirements

analysis, 101, 123, 307-309, 328

current physical and, 209-219

data dictionary and, 230

integrating, 70, 519-520

missed, 93, 455, 525

model, 8, 45-47, 70, 72-73, 136, 245ff., 405, 449

new, 7-8, 69-71, 75, 93, 101, 210-212, 299-305, 350, 516-520, 589

specification, 13, 93-94

Research Department, 24, 28, 30, 79-80, 372, 434, 471

Diagram 0 of, 369, 391, 397

Diagram 2 of, 399

Reusability:

of analysis components, 101

of design components, 88, 315, 321-322

object-oriented approach and, 338-344

templates and, 92, 321, 329

Reviews, project, 99-101

Risk management, 330, 590

Rule of Data Conservation, 116, 124, 175, 176, 188, 278, 455, 545, 590

Rules of thumb:

for estimating length of analysis, 98-99

for event-response processing, 431-437, 451

for finding entities, 156-158, 353-354

for finding relationships, 151-152, 159-160, 355-356

for grouping processes, 389

for naming events, 49-52

for naming relationships, 152

for repeating group, 231

for size of context of study, 124

Rumbaugh, J., 96, 344, 579

S

Sales Department, 24-25, 30, 40-44, 58-59, 79-80, 342, 372, 387-391, 434, 439, 441, 466, 493

Diagram 0 of, 369, 391, 397

Diagram 3 of, 45, 388, 389, 400

lower-level data flow diagrams of, 390, 391, 401

Sales policy, 40-43, 387, 464-466

Sales target, 16, 24-30, 40, 464-467

in data dictionary, 424

Scope, project: See Project scope

Selection construct, 106, 225, 284

Sequence construct, 282, 325

Shlaer, S., 96, 344, 579, 580

Single processor, 96, 466

Specification, 108-110, 114, 115, 125, 174-175, 193-195, 204, 211, 279-282

See also Mini specification

completeness of, 75, 279, 367, 524-527

of data storage and retrieval, 161-163, 291-294

techniques, 278-294

of technology, 307-313

Spiral development strategy, 99

Spot: See Commercial spot

Stevens, W., 96, 580

Stored data, 7, 20, 37, 93, 137, 142-143, 145-173, 214, 308, 390-392

common usage of, 275-277, 390

CRUD check and, 72, 525-527

in data dictionary, 228-231

in event-response model, 62, 73, 386, 443-445

modeling, 115-116, 145-163, 255-259, 390-393

private, 63

specifying, 161-163, 291-294

Structure chart, 96

Structured analyst, 338

Structured design, 106

Structured language, 282-287, 447-448

for author/book enquiry system, 291-294

for data storage and retrieval, 291-292

for Terry’s Ski Tuning Service, 573

Structured programming, 106, 282

Subtype, 160-161, 591

of RATING, 360-361, 471

Supertype, 160-161, 471, 591

System boundaries, 7, 18-19, 45, 123-125, 213-216, 329

See also Boundary data flow

System context: See Context diagram; Context of study

System environment model, 77, 80-88, 309-311, 317, 330-331, 591

Piccadilly’s, 81-85, 94

See also Data model; Data store

System policy:

See Business policy; Essential policy

for Piccadilly Television, 14-17, 20

System response, 53-54, 62-63, 93, 245-277, 431-437, 438-446, 451-452, 464-469

grouping, 279

Systems analysis, 8-14, 202-204, 211, 278, 338

defined, 130, 591

filtering information and, 132, 133-136, 193ff.

tasks, 6-8, 30-31, 70, 145-146, 354

top-down, 65, 110, 199, 204, 386, 459

Systems design: See Design

T

Taxi system example, 246-250, 253, 260-261

Techn-O-Filter, 242, 442

Television industry:

See British television industry

Television ratings report, 28, 351, 374, 469-473

in data dictionary, 428

Temporal event, 65, 249-254, 264, 277, 501-510

naming, 50, 434

response, 65, 254-259

viewer response report example, 517-519

Terminating data store, 181, 545

Terminator, 47, 65, 116-120, 121, 122-125

as entity, 157

as time-delaying mechanism, 248

defined, 116, 592

events and, 50, 248, 249-250, 439-440, 452-453

in implementation model, 81-83, 85-87, 327-328

naming, 537

notation for, 117

in Piccadilly context diagram, 348-349, 350

Terry’s Ski Tuning Service, 296-297, 573-574

Top-down approach, 45-46, 65-66, 108-110, 194-196, 199, 204, 459, 592

Trail Guide, 10-14, 611-612

Transaction, 76, 95, 266, 316, 327, 329

Transaction synchronization model, 86, 96, 97, 308, 315, 321-327, 330, 592

Trivial reject, 182-183, 547-548, 592

U

Update operator, 56, 63, 170

in CRUD table, 72-73, 521-523, 527

User:

-analyst relationship, 31, 211, 212-218, 307-309, 349, 372-374, 461

communication with, 43, 91, 174, 187, 209-219, 268-269, 321-322

context and, 19, 122, 213-216, 348-350

current physical viewpoint and, 134-135, 209-219, 370-371, 375-376

data model and, 158, 354

Diagram 0 and, 216-218, 370-371, 375-376

interface, 51, 93-94

new requirements and, 299ff. raising questions with, 12, 21, 31, 40, 44, 350, 354, 464, 518

recording interviews with, 43-44, 101-102, 186-187, 204-205, 212-215, 372-374, 387

role of, 21, 31, 43-44, 51, 91-94, 204, 218, 348-349, 350, 370

in systems design, 76, 307ff.

User-oriented viewpoint, 83, 210-219, 307ff.

V

Viewer response example, 69-70, 516-520

Viewpoint, 7-10, 83, 100-102, 130-137, 592

See also Current physical viewpoint; Data viewpoint; Essential viewpoint; External viewpoint; New physical viewpoint

W

Warren Street, 24, 29

Waterfall model, 78, 592

Woolly Mammoths example, 107-112, 531-532

Working model, 107-111, 220-221, 278, 592

data flow diagram as, 115-124, 174-176