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LXC container issues
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LXC container issues
by Wasim Ahmed
Mastering Proxmox - Third Edition
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the color images of this book
Errata
Piracy
Questions
Understanding Proxmox VE and Advanced Installation
Understanding Proxmox features
It is free!
Built-in firewall
Open vSwitch
The graphical user interface
KVM virtual machines
Linux containers, or LXC
Storage plugins
Vibrant culture
The basic installation of Proxmox
The advanced installation option
Debugging the Proxmox installation
Proxmox subscription and repositories
Proxmox VE Enterprise repository
Type
Subscription key
Status
Server ID
Sockets
Last checked
Next due date
Proxmox VE No-Subscription repository
Proxmox VE Test repository
Summary
Creating a Cluster and Exploring the Proxmox GUI
Creating a Proxmox cluster
Exploring the Proxmox GUI
The GUI menu system
Cluster tree view
Server View
Folder View
Storage View
Pool View
The Datacenter menu
Datacenter | Search
Datacenter | Summary
Datacenter | Options
Datacenter | Storage
Datacenter | Backup
Datacenter | Permissions
Datacenter | Permissions | Users
Datacenter | Permissions | Groups
Datacenter | Permissions | Pools
Datacenter | Permissions | Roles
Datacenter | Permissions | Authentication
Datacenter | HA
Datacenter | Firewall
Datacenter | Support
Node-specific menus
Node | Search
Node | Summary
Node | Shell
Node | System
Node | Network
Node | DNS
Node | Time
Node | Syslog
Node | Updates
Node | Firewall
Node | Disks
Node | Ceph
Node | Task History
Node | Subscription
KVM menu
KVM VM | Summary
KVM | Console
KVM | Hardware
KVM | Options
KVM VM | Task History
KVM | Monitor
KVM | Backup
KVM VM | Snapshot
KVM | Firewall
KVM | Permissions
LXC container menu
LXC container | Summary
LXC container | Resources
LXC container | Network
LXC container | DNS
LXC container | Options
LXC container | Task History
LXC container | Backup
LXC container | Snapshots
LXC container | Firewall
LXC container | Permissions
Pool menu
Pool | Summary
Pool | Members
Pool | Permissions
Summary
Proxmox under the Hood
The Proxmox cluster file system
Proxmox directory structure
Dissecting the configuration files
The cluster configuration file
logging { }
nodelist { }
quorum { }
totem { }
interface { }
Storage configuration file
User configuration files
The password configuration file
KVM virtual machine configuration file
Arguments in the KVM configuration file
LXC container configuration file
Version configuration file
Member nodes
Virtual machine list file
The cluster log file
Ceph configuration files
Firewall configuration file
Summary
Storage Systems
Local storage versus shared storage
Live migration of a virtual machine
Seamless expansion of multinode storage space
Centralized backup
Multilevel data tiering
Central storage management
Local and shared storage comparison
A virtual disk image
Supported image formats
The .qcow2 images
The .raw image type
The .vmdk image type
Virtual device types
Managing disk images
Resizing a virtual disk image
Moving a virtual disk image
Throttling a virtual disk image
Caching a virtual disk image
VirtIO bus type for Windows VMs
Installing VirtIO drivers during Windows installation
Installing VirtIO drivers after Windows installation
Storage types in Proxmox
Directory
iSCSI
Logical Volume Management
NFS
ZFS
Ceph RBD
GlusterFS
Noncommercial/commercial storage options
Summary
Installing and Configuring Ceph
Ceph components
A physical node as cluster member
Maps
A cluster map
A CRUSH map
Monitor
OSD
OSD journal
Metadata server
PG
Pools
Ceph components summary
Virtual Ceph for training
Installing a Ceph cluster
Installing Ceph on Proxmox
Preparing a Proxmox node for Ceph
Installing Ceph
Creating mons from the Proxmox GUI
Creating OSDs from Proxmox GUI
Managing a Ceph pool using Proxmox GUI
Creating a Ceph pool using Proxmox GUI
Connecting Ceph to Proxmox
Ceph command list
Summary
KVM Virtual Machines
Exploring KVM
Creating a KVM
Creating a KVM using an ISO image
General tab
Node
VM ID
Name
Resource Pool
Help
The OS tab
The CD/DVD tab
The Hard Disk tab
Bus/Device
Storage
Disk size (GB)
Format
Cache
No backup
Discard
IO thread
The CPU tab
Sockets
Cores
Enabling NUMA
Type
The Memory tab
The Network tab
Bridged mode
Firewall
NAT mode
No network device
Model
MAC address
Rate limit (MB/s)
Multiqueues
Disconnect
Creating VM by cloning
Creating VMs from a template
Target node
Mode
Advanced configuration options for VMs
Configuring a sound device
Configuring PCI passthrough
Configuring GPU passthrough
Preparing for hotplug
Configuring VMs with hotplug
Hotplugging vCPUs
Hotplugging memory
Hotplugging disks/vNICs
Migrating KVM virtual machines
Summary
LXC Virtual Machines
Exploring LXC virtual machines
Understanding container templates
Creating an LXC container
General tab
Node
CT ID
Hostname
Unprivileged container
Resource Pool
The Template tab
The Root Disk tab
Storage
ACLs
Enable quota
The CPU tab
Cores
The Memory tab
The Network tab
Name
MAC address
Bridge
The VLAN Tag
Rate limit
Firewall
IPv4/IPv6
The DNS tab
The Confirm tab
Managing an LXC container
Adjusting resources using the GUI
Adjusting resources using the CLI
Adjusting resources using direct modification
Migrating an LXC container
Accessing an LXC container
The noVNC console
Direct shell through the CLI
Converting OpenVZ to LXC
Summary
Network of Virtual Networks
Exploring virtual networks
Physical networks versus virtual networks
A physical network
A virtual network
Networking components in Proxmox
Virtual Network Interface Cards
Adding/removing vNIC
A virtual bridge
Adding a virtual bridge through the GUI
Name
IP information
Bridge ports
VLAN-aware
Adding a virtual bridge through CLI
Extra bridge options
bridge_stp
bridge_fd
Virtual LAN
Adding a VLAN
Network Address Translation/Translator
Adding NAT/masquerading
Network bonding
Adding a bonding interface
The layer 2 hash policy
The layer 2+3 hash policy
The layer 3+4 hash policy
Multicast
Configuring multicast on Netgear
Open vSwitch
Features of Open vSwitch
Adding an Open vSwitch bridge
Adding the Open vSwitch bond
Adding Open vSwitch IntPort
CLI for Open vSwitch
Practicing Open vSwitch
Configuration requirements
Solutions
Sample virtual networks
Network #1 – Proxmox in its simplest form
Network #2 – the multi-tenant environment
Network #3 – academic institution
A multi-tenant virtual environment
A multi-tenant network diagram
Summary
The Proxmox VE Firewall
Exploring the Proxmox VE firewall
Components of the Proxmox firewall
Zones
Security groups
IPSet
Rules
Protocols
Macros
The pve-firewall and pvefw-logger services
Configuration files of a firewall
Configuring the data center-specific firewall
Configuring the Datacenter firewall through the GUI
Creating the Datacenter firewall rules
Creating the Datacenter IPSet
Creating aliases
Configuring the Datacenter firewall through the CLI
[OPTIONS]
[ALIASES]
[IPSET <name>]
[RULES]
[group <name>]
Configuring a host-specific firewall
Creating host firewall rules
Options for the host zone firewall
Enable a firewall
The SMURFS filter
The TCP flags filter
NDP
nf_conntrack_max
nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established
log_level_in/out
tcp_flags_log_level
smurf_log_level
Configuring the host firewall through the CLI
Configuring a VM-specific firewall
Creating VM firewall rules
Creating aliases
Creating IPSets
Options for a VM zone firewall
Enable DHCP
The MAC filter
Input/output policy
Configuring a VM-specific firewall through the CLI
Integrating a Suricata IDS/IPS
Installing/configuring Suricata
Limitations of Suricata in Proxmox
Summary
Proxmox High Availability
Understanding HA
HA in Proxmox
How Proxmox HA works
Requirements for HA setup
At least three nodes
Shared storage
Fencing
BIOS power-on feature
Configuring Proxmox HA
The HA menu
Status
The Resources menu
The Groups menu
ID
Node
The restricted checkbox
The nofailback checkbox
The Fencing menu
Testing Proxmox HA configuration
The Proxmox HA simulator
Configuring the Proxmox HA simulator
Summary
Monitoring the Proxmox Cluster
An introduction to monitoring
Proxmox built-in monitoring
Datacenter Status
Node Status
Zabbix as a monitoring solution
Installing Zabbix
Configuring Zabbix
Configuring a host to monitor
Displaying data using a graph
Configuring the disk health notification
Installing smart monitor tools
Configuring the Zabbix agent
Creating a Zabbix item in the GUI
Creating a trigger in the GUI
Creating graphs in the GUI
Configuring SNMP in Proxmox
Object Identifiers
Management Information Base
Adding an SNMP device in Zabbix
Monitoring the Ceph cluster with the Proxmox GUI
Monitoring a Ceph cluster with third-party options
Summary
Proxmox Production-Level Setup
Defining the production level
Key components
Stable and scalable hardware
Redundancy
Node level
Utility level
Network level
HVAC level
Storage level
Current load versus future growth
Budget
Simplicity
Tracking hardware inventory
Hardware selection
Sizing CPU and memory
Single socket versus multi-socket
Hyper-threading – enable versus disable
Start small with VM resources
Balancing node resources
Ceph cluster production
Forget about hardware RAID
Solid State Drive for Ceph Journal
Network bandwidth
Liquid cooling
Total immersion in oil
Total immersion in 3M Novec
Direct contact liquid cooling
Real-world Proxmox scenarios
Scenario 1 – an academic institution
Scenario 2 – multi-tier storage cluster with a Proxmox cluster
Scenario 3 - Virtual infrastructure for a multi-tenant cloud service provider
Scenario 4 – nested virtual environment for a software development company
Scenario 5 – virtual infrastructure for a public library
Scenario 6 – multi-floor office virtual infrastructure with virtual desktops
Scenario 7 – virtual infrastructure for the hotel industry
Scenario 8 – virtual infrastructure for geological survey organization
Summary
Back Up and Restore Virtual Machines
Proxmox backup options
A full backup
Full backup modes
Snapshot
Suspend
Stop
Backup compression
None
LZO
GZIP
Snapshots
Configuring backup storage
Show VM configuration from backup
Configuring full backup
Creating a schedule for backup
Node
Storage
Day of week
Start Time
Selection mode
Send email to
Email notification
Compression
Mode
Enable
Creating a manual backup
Creating snapshots
Restoring a virtual machine
Backup/restore through the CLI
Backup using the CLI
Restore using the CLI
Unlocking a VM after a backup error
Virtual machine replication
Creating a replication task through the GUI
Target
Schedule
Rate limit (MB/s)
Enabled
Creating a replication task through the CLI
Replication process
Backup configuration file
The bwlimit option
The lockwait option
The stopwait option
The stdexcludes option
The mailto option
The script option
The exclude-path option
The pigz option
Summary
Updating/Upgrading Proxmox
Introducing Proxmox updates
Updating Proxmox through the GUI
Updating Proxmox through the CLI
Difference between upgrade and dist-upgrade
Recovering from the grub2 update issue
Updating after a subscription change
Rebooting dilemma after Proxmox updates
Applying update without reboot
Summary
Proxmox Troubleshooting
Proxmox node issues
Issue – fresh Proxmox install stuck with /dev to be a fully populated error during node reboot
Issue – rejoining a node to a Proxmox node with the same old IP address
Issue – Proxmox installation completed but grub is in an endless loop after reboot
Issue – LSI MegaRAID 9240-8i/9240-4i causes an error during booting of the Proxmox node
Downloading and updating the LSI driver
Updating the Supermicro BIOS
Issue – the Upgrade button is disabled on the Proxmox GUI, which prevents the node upgrade
Issue – Proxmox cannot start due to the getpwnam error
Issue – cannot log in to the GUI as root after reinstalling Proxmox on the same node
The main cluster issues
Issue – Proxmox virtual machines are running, but the Proxmox GUI shows that everything is offline
Issue – kernel panic when disconnecting USB devices, such as a keyboard, mouse, or UPS
Issue – virtual machines on Proxmox will not shut down if shutdown is initiated from the Proxmox GUI
Issue – kernel panic with HP NC360T (Intel 82571EB chipset) only in Proxmox VE 3.2
Issue – the Proxmox cluster is out of quorum and cluster filesystem is in read-only mode
Issue – VM will not respond to shutdown or restart
Issue – Proxmox GUI not responding after Firefox update
Issue – the Proxmox GUI is not showing RRD graphs
Storage issues
Issue – deleting a damaged LVM from Proxmox with the error read failed from 0 to 4096
Issue – Proxmox cannot mount NFS share due to the timing out error
Issue – how to delete leftover NFS shares in Proxmox or what to do when the NFS stale file handle error occurs?
Issue – Proxmox issues --mode session exit code 21 errors while trying to access the iSCSI target
Issue – cannot read an iSCSI target even after it has been deleted from Proxmox storage
Issue – a Ceph node is removed from the Proxmox cluster, but OSDs still show up in PVE
Issue – the no such block device error during creation of an OSD through the Proxmox GUI
Issue – the fstrim command does not trim unused blocks for the Ceph storage
Issue – the RBD couldn't connect to cluster (500) error when connecting Ceph with Proxmox
Issue – changing the storage type from IDE to VirtIO after the VM has been set up and the OS has been installed
Issue – the pveceph configuration not initialized (500) error when you click on the Ceph tab in the Proxmox GUI
Issue – the CephFS storage disappears after a Proxmox node reboots
Issue – VM cloning does not parse in the Ceph storage
Issue – VM disk images stored on ZFS is extremely slow
Network connectivity issues
Issue – no connectivity on Realtek RTL8111/8411 rev. 06 network interfaces
Issue – network performance is slower with the E1000 virtual network interfaces
Issue – patch port for Open vSwitch in Proxmox not working
Issue – trying to add a node to a newly created Proxmox cluster when nodes do not form quorum
Issue – implemented IPv6 but firewall rules do not get applied
KVM virtual machine issues
Issue – Windows 7/XP machine converted to Proxmox KVM hangs during boot
Issue – Windows 7 VM does not reboot, instead it shuts down, requiring a manual boot from Proxmox
Issue – the qemu-img command does not convert the .vmdk image files created with the .ova template in Proxmox VE 5.0
Issue – online migration of a virtual machine fails with a failed to sync data error
Issue – no audio in Windows KVM
Issue – the VirtIO virtual disk is not available during the Windows Server installation
LXC container issues
Issue – a Proxmox node hangs when trying to stop or restart an LXC container
Issue – the noVNC console only shows a cursor for LXC containers
Backup/restore issues
Issue – a Proxmox VM is locked after backup crashes unexpectedly
Issue – how can Proxmox back up only the primary OS virtual disk instead of all the virtual disks for a VM?
Issue – backup of virtual machines stops prematurely with an operation not permitted error
Issue – a backup task takes a very long time to complete, or it crashes when multiple nodes are backing up to the same backup storage
Issue – backup of virtual machines aborts a backup task prematurely
Issue – backup storage has a lot of .dat files and .tmp folders using the storage space
VNC/SPICE console issues
Issue – the mouse pointer is not shared with SPICE (virt-viewer) on Windows 8 VM
Issue – remote viewer is unable to connect to a SPICE-enabled virtual machine on the Windows OS
Firewall issues
Issue – rules are created and a firewall is enabled for vNIC, but rules do not get applied
Issue – a firewall is enabled for a VM and the necessary rules are created, but nothing is being filtered for that VM
Summary
Rescuing Proxmox
Recovering from OS drive failure
Physical drive failure
OS data corruption
Migrating VMs from a faulty node
Reinstalling Proxmox
Recovering from a quorum failure
Recovering from a node failure
Recovering from a network failure
Loss of connectivity between Proxmox nodes
Loss of connectivity between Proxmox nodes and users
Loss of connectivity between Proxmox and storage nodes
Recovering from Ceph failure
Best practices for a healthy Ceph cluster
Stuck inconsistent PGs in Ceph
Stuck inactive incomplete PGs in Ceph
Error while moving a Ceph journal to another drive
Ceph node running out of resources during recovery
Summary
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Issue – the VirtIO virtual disk is not available during the Windows Server installation
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Issue – a Proxmox node hangs when trying to stop or restart an LXC container
LXC container issues
This section contains issues related to LXC containers only.
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