Appendix 1
Mathematical Review

Understanding quantum computing requires some complex mathematical and computer science concepts. We’ve tried to make the book as readable as possible and present the concepts with explanation and models, rather than relying directly on the math. Some of these concepts are simply unavoidable. If you haven’t heard of—or need a refresher on—logic gates and Boolean algebra, or vectors and matrices, you’ll find a crash course in this appendix. This appendix isn’t a substitute for a full course on these topics, however. For some good and accessible resources, see here.^[105][106]