Index
Special Characters
_ALL_ name list 50
_AT*_ variables 611
_ATOPCODE_ values 612
_CHARACTER_ name list 50
_ERROR_ automatic variable 48
_IORC_ automatic variable
error checking with 508
error-checking with 153
_N_ automatic variable 48
_NUMERIC_ name list 50
.SASXREG file 224
%PUT statement
writing to log with 169
A
About SAS 9 370
access descriptors 677, 706
ACCESS procedure
interface view engine and 706
ADD method
storing and retrieving data 522
additional fonts 286, 288, 297
address formats (IPv6) 774
AES Encryption 733
alignment
of variable values 45
ALIGNSASIOFILES system option
I/O optimization 201
alter protection 724, 729
ampersands
in name literals 32
AND operator 105
animation
GIF and SVG files 343
appender objects 518
appending
data to indexed data files 659
fast-append feature 614
files 481
generation groups 624
applications
CPU-bound 208
performance of 749
arithmetic operators 100
in WHERE expressions 182
array bounds 565
determining 566
HBOUND function 566
HBOUND function versus DIM
function 566
in two-dimensional arrays 567
LBOUND function 566
upper and lower bounds 565
array processing 556
definition 556
examples 567
simple arrays 558
terminology 556
Array Reference statement 558
array references 556, 557, 561
ARRAY statement 557
array-name 556
arrays 556
action on all numeric variables 570
assigning initial values to elements 568
character variables in 567
conceptual view of 556
defining 557
defining quickly 563
defining the number of elements 561
determining the number of elements
562
DO loops 559
DO loops for selected elements 559
DO UNTIL expressions 562
DO WHILE expressions 562
grouping variables in 558
Java objects and 539
multidimensional 556, 563
one-dimensional 556
referencing 557, 561
selecting current variable 560
simple 558
syntax for defining and referencing 557
temporary 569
two-dimensional 557
813
variable lists 563
arrRepresentation of a SAS Data Setays
one-dimensional 556
aspect ratio 326
assignment statement
creating variables 41
ATTRIB statement
creating variables 44
audit trails 611
capturing rejected observations 617
CEDA processing and 616
considerations 614
data file update 617
definition 611
description 611
encryption with 735
examples 616
fast-append feature and 614
in shared environment 613
initiating 614, 616
passwords with 735
performance and 613
preservation by other operations 613
programming considerations 613
reading 614
resuming 614
status of 614
suspending 614
terminating 614
AUTHLIB procedure
metadata-bound library 737
autoexec files 10
automatic naming convention 597
automatic numeric-character conversion
98
automatic variables 48
_ERROR_ 48
_IORC_ 508
_N_ 48
B
BASE engine 710
Base SAS 4
concepts 11
Base SAS engine 744
base version 620
batch mode 9
SAS log in 166
batch programs
restarting 151
BETWEEN-AND operator 184
big endian platforms 443
binary data 443
binary informats 443
bit masks 96
bit testing 96
blanks
in constants 97
reading data containing 433
blotting passwords 735
BMDP engine 746
Boolean numeric expressions 107
Boolean operators 105
in WHERE expressions 188
boundaries of intervals 127
browsers
printing SVG documents from 341
supporting PNG format 311
supporting SVG 319
buffers
index requirements for 644
input 404
BUFNO= system option
I/O optimization and 201
BUFSIZE= system option
I/O optimization and 201
BY groups 450
DATA step identification of 454
engine access 742
processing conditionally 459
processing in DATA step 458
processing observations in 454
with multiple BY variables 451
with single BY variable 451
BY values 450
interleaving data sets and 485
BY variables 450
BY groups with multiple 451
BY groups with single 451
interleaving data sets and 484
match-merge with duplicate values of
495
updating data sets with duplicate values
of 502
BY-group processing 175, 449
data grouped by formatted values 460
data not in alphabetic or numeric order
460
in DATA step 458
indexing for 454, 654
indexing for, with WHERE processing
655
invoking 452
preprocessing 453
preprocessing input data for 453
references for 175
sorting observations for 453
syntax 450
terminology 449
814 Index
C
calculations
propagation of missing values in 87
calendar intervals, retail 131
catalog concatenation 698
CATNAME 699, 700
LIBNAME 699
rules for 702
terminology 698
catalog directory windows 697
CATALOG procedure 696
CATALOG window 696
catalogs 5, 695
accessing information in 696
concatenating 698
management tools 696
names of 695
Profile catalog 697
recovering 753
remote access and 15
CATCACHE= system option
I/O optimization and 201
CATNAME catalog concatenation 699,
700
CEDA
automatic processing 716
CEDA processing 709
advantages of 710
alternatives to 715
audit trails and 616
automatically processing incompatible
files 716
changing data representation in 717
compatibility across environments 713
creating files in a different data
representation with 717
creating files in different data
representation 716
examples 716
file processing 710, 712
indexes and 659
integrity constraints and 632
output processing 711
processing types supported by 710
restrictions 711
terminology 709
update processing 714
when CEDA is used 712
cell values
editing 389
CEXIST function 696
character comparisons 103
IN operator in 104
character constants 93
compared with character variables 94
in hexadecimal notation 94
quotation marks with 93
character data
reading 433
character missing values 441
character values 431
character variable padding (CVP) engine
746
character variables 38
compared with character constants 94
converting to numeric 44, 88
in arrays 567
sort order of missing values 86
character-to-numeric conversions
missing values and 88
checkpoint mode 147
requirements 149
setting up and executing 150
CIMPORT procedure 716
class loader 547
CLASSPATH environment variable 534
clearing WHERE expressions 392
CMYK color support 247
collating sequence
character comparisons and 103
colon lists 596
colon modifier (:)
comparing values 101
with IN operator 101
colors
adding programmatically 227
adding with Registry Editor 227
controlling with SAS registry 227
column input 437
column-binary data 445
column-binary data storage 445, 446
column-binary informats 445
columns
moving 386
sorting by values 387
temporarily changing headings 385
combining data sets 466, 468
access methods 470
appending files 481
concatenating 471, 478
correct order 477
data relationships 468
direct access 471
error checking 475
interleaving 472, 481
match-merging 473, 493
methods for 471, 478
one-to-one merging 472, 489
one-to-one reading 472, 486
preparing data sets 476
procedures for 474
sequential access 471
Index 815
statements for 474
testing programs 478
tools for 466, 474
troubleshooting 476
updating 473, 497
command line 368
Help in 368
commands
operating environment 588
window commands 370
comment tags, unmatched 138
comments
embedding in output 256
comparison operators 101
in WHERE expressions 182
comparisons
character 103
numeric 102
compatibility
See version compatibility
compilation phase (DATA step) 404
component objects
See DATA step component objects
composite indexes 641
NOMISS 651
compound expressions 92
order of evaluation 108
compound optimization 641, 650
compound WHERE expressions 177
processing 189
COMPRESS= system option
I/O optimization and 201
compressing data files 661
definition of compression 661
disabling compression requests 662
requesting compression 661
concatenating catalogs
See catalog concatenation
concatenating data sets 471, 478
DATA step processing during 478
efficiency 481
SQL for 480
syntax 478
with DATA step 479
concatenating libraries 580
concatenation operator 107
in WHERE expressions 188
configuration
Explorer 232
file shortcuts 233
filerefs 233
libraries 233
librefs 233
SAS registry 232
Universal Printing 232, 274
configuration data storage
See SAS registry
configuration files 10
constants 93
bit testing 96
blank space in 97
character 93
date 95
datetime 95
in WHERE expressions 181
misinterpretation of 97
numeric 94
time 95
constructors
initializing hash objects 519
CONTAINS operator 184
copies
encryption with 735
passwords with 735
copying data sets 379
CPORT procedure 716
CPU performance 204
increasing memory 204
parallel processing and 205
program compilation optimization and
205
reducing I/O 204
search time for executable files 205
storing compiled programs 205
variable lengths and 205
CPU time 197
CPU-bound applications 208
cross-environment data access
See CEDA processing
current list item 521
custom class loader 547
custom intervals 131
customizing output 157
methods 160
using ODS 162
CVP engine 746
D
damaged files 750
data errors 143
format modifiers for reporting 144
data files 5, 591, 606, 741
as DATA step output 16
as input data source 14
audit trails 611
compressing 661
creating with DATA step 415
encryption 731
extended attributes 660
extending the observation count 662
generation data sets 620
816 Index
indexes 638
integrity constraints 626
interface 606
native 606
observation count 608
recovering 750
versus views 607
data management
exporting a subset 393
importing data into a table 396
in windowing environment 376
subsetting data with WHERE
expressions 390
with Explorer 376
with VIEWTABLE 380
data pairs 521
data relationships 468
many-to-many 470
many-to-one 469
one-to-many 469
one-to-one 468
data representation 709
output processing and 711
data set lists 596
data set names 594
how and when assigned 594
one-level 595
parts of 594
two-level 595
where to use 594
data set options
controlling index usage 653
dropping, keeping, or renaming
variables with 52
SAS/ACCESS librefs with 704
data sets 5, 401, 591
accessing through engines 740
as SAS files 5
assigning passwords to 726
automatic naming convention 597
BY-group processing and 175
calculating size for performance 206
combining 466, 468
concatenating 471, 478
copying 379
creating for I/O optimization 199
creating with DATA step 415
default 597
defining multiple printers 277
descriptor information 404, 592
editing 604
generation 620
input data sources for 14
interleaving 472, 481
logical components of 592
management tools 604
master data set 497, 504
match-merging 473, 493
missing values when reading 87
modifying 466
names for 594
null 597
one-to-one merging 472, 489
one-to-one reading 472, 486
reading 418, 466
referencing groups of 596
renaming 378
representation of 5
saving hash object data in 528
sort indicator 598, 603
sorted 598
sorting in a library 379
structure and contents of 476
transaction data set 497
updating 473, 497
updating, with missing values 503
updating, with new variables 503
updating, with nonmatched observations
503
viewing 604
viewing contents of 380, 381
viewing properties of 379
viewing with Explorer 376
writing observations to 407
DATA statement
writing to log with /NESTING option
169
DATA step 4
See also stored compiled DATA step
programs
assigning passwords 725
checking for missing values in 90
concatenating data sets 479
concepts 11
creating data files 415
creating data sets 415
creating HTML reports 424
creating views 415
generating data from programming
statements 418
identifying BY groups 454
input data sources 415
language elements and 6
ODS and 426
password-protected files in 727
processing BY groups in 458
reading from data sets 418
reading raw data 415
reasons for using 401
SAS processing and 16
setting values to missing 90
writing reports with 419
Index 817
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