Putting pixels on the screen involves four primary pieces of hardware: the CPU computes display lists, the GPU renders images to the display, the memory stores images and data, and the battery provides electrical power. Each of these pieces of hardware has constraints; pushing or exceeding those constraints causes your app to be slow, worsens the display performance, or exhausts the battery.

To discover what causes your specific performance problems, you need to take a look under the hood, use tools to collect data about your app's execution behavior, surface that data as lists and graphics, understand and analyze what you see, and improve your code.

Android Studio and your device provide profiling tools to record and visualize the rendering, computing, memory, and battery performance of your app.