We'll use the following steps to gather important information about the binary.

1. In a Terminal session, type the following and study the output:

$ file ch04-example

2. In the same Terminal session, type the following and review the output. Do you notice anything in particular in the output?

$ strings ch04-example

3. When you have finished reviewing the output, type the following in the same Terminal session and review the output:

$ readelf -h ch04-example

4. Next, type the following in the same Terminal session and examine the output:

$ readelf -l -W ch04-example

5. In the same Terminal session, type the following and review the resulting output:

$ readelf -S -W ch04-example

6. When ready, type the following in the same Terminal session and study the output:

$ readelf -s -W ch04-example

7. Next, type the following in the open Terminal session and go over the output to see if you find anything interesting:

$ readelf -p .text -W ch04-example

8. When you have finished studying the output, type the following, making sure to review the output for anything interesting:

$ readelf -x .text -W ch04-example

9. Next, type the following into the open Terminal session. Review the output for anything interesting:

$ readelf -R .text -W ch04-example

10. In the same Terminal session, type the following and study the output for any interesting information:

$ readelf -p .strtab -W ch04-example

11. Type the following in an open Terminal session and review the output:

$ objdump -f ch04-example

12. Next, type the following in the same Terminal session:

$ objdump -j .text -s ch04-example

13. When ready, type the following in the running Terminal session and examine the output:

$ objdump -x ch04-example

14. Next, type the following in the same Terminal session and review the output:

$ ldd -v ch04-example

15. Finally, type the following and review the output for any interesting information:

$ hexdump -C ch04-example | less