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VII. Appendix
by Paul Hudson, Andrew Hudson
Red Hat Fedora Core 6 Unleashed
Copyright
Dedication
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
We Want to Hear from You!
Reader Services
Introduction
What Is Linux?
What Is Fedora?
Roots of Red Hat and Fedora
Licensing
Why Use Linux?
Who This Book Is For
What This Book Contains
Conventions Used in This Book
I. Installation and Configuration
1. Introducing Fedora
What Is Fedora?
Inside Fedora Core
Features of the Fedora Install
Fedora File System Features
Fedora for Business
Fedora in Your Home
64-Bit Fedora
Fedora on the PPC Platform
Fedora on Multi-Core Machines
Getting the Most from Fedora and Linux Documentation
Fedora Developers and Documentation
Reference
2. Preparing to Install Fedora
Planning Your Fedora Deployment
Business Considerations
System Considerations
User Considerations
A Predeployment Planning Checklist
Planning the Installation
Hardware Requirements
Meeting the Minimum Fedora Hardware Requirements
Using Legacy Hardware
Planning for Hard Drive Storage for Your Fedora Installation
Checking Hardware Compatibility
Preparing for Potential Hardware Problems
Controllerless Modems
Universal Serial Bus Devices
Motherboard-Based Hardware
CPU, Symmetric Multiprocessing, and Memory Problems
Preparing and Using a Hardware Inventory
Preparing for the Install Process
Preparing to Install from a CD-ROM
Partitioning Before and During Installation
Choosing a Partitioning Scheme
Hosting Parts of the Linux File System on Separate Partitions
Using Fedora’s kickstart Installation Method
Reference
3. Installing Fedora
Before You Begin the Installation
Research Your Hardware Specifications
Choose an Installation Type
Choose Software Installation Options
Planning Partition Strategies
The Boot Loader
Choosing How to Install Fedora
Installing from CD or DVD
Installing Using a Network
Step-by-Step Installation
Starting the Install
Partitioning Your Hard Drive
Choosing, Configuring, and Installing the Boot Loader
Network Configuration
Setting the Time Zone
Creating a Root Password and User Accounts
Software Selection and Installation
Finishing the Install
firstboot Configuration
Logging In and Shutting Down
Reference
4. Post-Installation Configuration
Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems
Your Hardware and Kudzu
Pointer and Keyboard Configuration
Configuring Keyboards with Linux
Configuring Pointing Devices in Fedora
Configuring Display Graphics
Configuring Sound Devices
Detecting and Configuring a Modem
Configuring a Serial-Port Modem
Configuring a Fax Modem
Configuring minicom for Modem Use
Configuring WinModems for Laptops
Configuring Power Management in Fedora
Resetting the Date and Time
Using the date Command
Using the hwclock Command
Using the system-config-date Client
Managing PCMCIA
Using PCMCIA
Controlling PCMCIA Service
Configuring and Using CD, DVD, and CD-RW Drives
Checking Drive Assignment
Initializing FireWire CD Drives
Configuring Wireless Networks
Reference
5. First Steps with Fedora
Working with the Linux File System
Viewing the Linux File System
Use Essential Commands from the /bin and /sbin Directories
Store the Booted Kernel and View Stored Devices in the /boot and /dev Directories
Use and Edit Files in the /etc Directory
Protect the Contents of User Directories—/home
Use the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel
Work with Shared Data in the /usr Directory
Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory
Access Variable Data Files in the /var Directory
Logging In to and Working with Linux
Text-Based Console Login
Working with Virtual Consoles
Using Simple Keyboard and Mouse Techniques in a Linux Console Session
Logging Out
Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer
Changing Your User Information
Reading Documentation
Using Man Pages
Finding and Reading Software Package Documentation
Using the Shell
Using Environment Variables
Navigating and Searching with the Shell
Managing Files with the Shell
Compressing and Decompressing Files Through the Shell
Using the Text Editors
Working with vi
Working with emacs
Working with Permissions
Assigning Permissions
Directory Permissions
Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions
Working As Root
Creating Users
Deleting Users
Shutting Down the System
Rebooting the System
Reference
II. Desktop Fedora
6. The X Window System
Basic X Concepts
Using X
Elements of the xorg.conf File
The ServerLayout Section
The Files Section
The Module Section
The InputDevice Section
The Monitor Section
The Device Section
The Screen Section
Configuring X
Configuring X with the system-config-display Client
Using Xorg to Configure X
Starting X
Using a Display Manager
Configuring gdm
Configuring kdm
Using the xdm Display Manager
Starting X from the Console by Using startx
Selecting and Using Window Managers
Using Fedora’s switchdesk
The Tab Window Manager
The Motif Window Manager
AIGLX – Eye Candy for the Masses
The GNOME and KDE Desktop Environments
GNOME: The GNU Network Object Model Environment
KDE: The K Desktop Environment
Reference
7. Managing Software
Using RPM for Software Management
Command-Line and Graphical RPM Clients
Using rpm on the Command Line
Package Organization with RPM
Extracting a Single File from an RPM File
Using pirut for Software Management
Alternatives for Software Management
yum
pup
Compiling Software from Source
Building rpms from src.rpm Files
Working with Source RPM Files
Compile from Source Tarballs
Reference
8. On the Internet: Surfing the Web, Writing Email, and Reading the News
Choosing a Web Browser
Mozilla Firefox
The Mozilla Suite
Epiphany
Konqueror
Choosing an Email Client
Evolution
Mozilla Thunderbird
Balsa
KMail
Mozilla Mail
The mail Application
Using mail
Shell Scripting with mail
mutt
Other Mail Clients
An Overview of Network News
Newsgroups
Selecting a Newsreader
The slrn News Client
The Pan News Client
The KNode News Client
The Mozilla News Client
The Thunderbird News Client
RSS Readers
Firefox
Blam
Collaborating with TWiki
Internet Relay Chat
Internet Messaging with GAIM
Videoconferencing with Ekiga
Reference
9. Productivity Applications
Office Suites for Fedora
Working with OpenOffice.org
What Is in OpenOffice.org?
Installing and Configuring OpenOffice.org
Working with OpenOffice.org Writer
Getting Started
Working with Styles and Formatting
Working with OpenOffice.org Calc
Getting Started
Formatting Your Spreadsheets
Summarizing Data with Calc
Working with Gnome Office
Working with KOffice
Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows
Reference
10. Multimedia Applications
Burning CDs and DVDs in Fedora
Creating CDs from the Command Line
Creating DVDs from the Command Line
Session Writing
Packet Writing
Creating CDs and DVDs with Fedora’s Graphical Clients
X-CD-Roast
Other Graphical CD Clients
Sound and Music
Sound Cards
Recording Sound
Sound Formats
Music Players
Streaming Audio
Viewing TV and Video
TV and Video Hardware
Video Formats
Viewing Video in Linux
Viewing Television with Linux
Personal Video Recorders
DVD and Video Players
Reference
11. Graphics Manipulation
Graphics Manipulation
The GNU Image Manipulation Program
Using Digital Cameras with Fedora
Webcams
Handheld Digital Cameras
Using F-Spot
Using Scanners in Fedora
Working with Graphics Formats
Capturing Screen Images
Reference
12. Printing with Fedora
Overview of Fedora Printing
Configuring and Managing Print Services
GUI-Based Printer Configuration Quickstart
Console-Based Printer Configuration Quickstart
Managing Printing Services
Creating and Configuring Local Printers
Creating the Print Queue
Editing Printer Settings
Reference
13. Games
Linux Gaming
Installing Proprietary Video Drivers
Installing DOOM 3
Installing Unreal Tournament 2004
Installing Quake 4
Installing Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory
Battle for Wesnoth
KDEedu
Playing Windows Games with Cedega
Reference
III. System Administration
14. Managing Users
User Accounts
User IDs and Group IDs
File Permissions
Managing Groups
Group Management Tools
Managing Users
User Management Tools
Adding New Users
Monitoring User Activity on the System
Managing Passwords
System Password Policy
The Password File
Shadow Passwords
Managing Password Security for Users
Changing Passwords in a Batch
Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users
Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command
Granting Root Privileges on Occasion—The sudo Command
Control Via Restricted Shells
The User Login Process
Disk Quotas
Implementing Quotas
Manually Configuring Quotas
Reference
15. Automating Tasks
Running Services at Bootup
Beginning the Boot Loading Process
Loading the Linux Kernel
System Services and Runlevels
Runlevel Definitions
Booting into the Default Runlevel
Booting to a Nondefault Runlevel with GRUB
Understanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of Initialization
Controlling Services at Boot with Administrative Tools
Using the chkconfig Text-Based Command-Line Tool
Using the GUI-Based Service Configuration Tool
Running Services Through xinetd
Changing Runlevels
Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems
Starting and Stopping Services Manually
Scheduling Tasks
Using at and batch to Schedule Tasks for Later
Using cron to Run Jobs Repeatedly
Basic Shell Control
The Shell Command Line
Shell Pattern-Matching Support
Redirecting Input and Output
Piping Data
Background Processing
Writing and Executing a Shell Script
Running the New Shell Program
Storing Shell Scripts for Systemwide Access
Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells
Using Variables in Shell Scripts
Assigning a Value to a Variable
Accessing Variable Values
Positional Parameters
A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter
Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve Variables from the Command Line
Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks
Built-in Variables
Special Characters
Use Double Quotes to Resolve Variables in Strings with Embedded Spaces
Using Single Quotes to Maintain Unexpanded Variables
Using the Backslash As an Escape Character
Using the Backtick to Replace a String with Output
Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash
String Comparison
Number Comparison
File Operators
Logical Operators
Comparing Expressions with tcsh
String Comparison
Number Comparison
File Operators
Logical Operators
The for Statement
The while Statement
The until Statement
The repeat Statement (tcsh)
The select Statement (pdksh)
The shift Statement
The if Statement
The case Statement
The break and exit Statements
Using Functions in Shell Scripts
Reference
16. System Resources
System-Monitoring Tools
Console-Based Monitoring
Using the kill Command to Control Processes
Using Priority Scheduling and Control
Displaying Free and Used Memory with free
Disk Quotas
Graphical Process and System Management Tools
KDE Process- and System-Monitoring Tools
Reference
17. Backing Up, Restoring, and Recovery
Choosing a Backup Strategy
Why Data Loss Occurs
Assessing Your Backup Needs and Resources
Evaluating Backup Strategies
Simple Strategy
Full Backup on a Periodic Basis
Full Backups with Incremental Backups
Mirroring Data or RAID Arrays
Making the Choice
Choosing Backup Hardware and Media
Removable Storage Media
Zip Drives
USB and Solid-State Drives
FireWire Drives
CD-RW and DVD+RW/-RW Drives
Network Storage
Tape Drive Backup
Using Backup Software
tar: The Most Basic Backup Tool
Creating Full and Incremental Backups with tar
Restoring Files from an Archive with tar
The GNOME File Roller
The KDE Archiving Tools (KDE ark and kdat)
The KDE ark Archiving Tool
Using the dd Command for Archiving
Using the Amanda Backup Application
Alternative Backup Software
Copying Files
Copying Files Using tar
Compressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar Streams
Copying Files Using cp
Copying Files Using mc
Copying Files Using scp
Copying Files Using rsync
Undeleting Files
Reformatting with the -S Option When Experiencing Unrecoverable File System Errors
Undeleting Files Using mc
System Rescue
The Fedora Rescue Disc
Backing Up and Restoring the Master Boot Record
Manually Restoring the Partition Table
Booting the System from the Rescue Disc
Booting the System from a Generic Boot Floppy Disk
Using a GRUB Boot Floppy Disk
Using the Recovery Facility from the Installation Disc
Reference
18. Network Connectivity
Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface
Checking for the Availability of the Loopback Interface
Configuring the Loopback Interface Manually
Networking with TCP/IP
TCP/IP Addressing
Using IP Masquerading in Fedora
Ports
Network Organization
Subnetting
Subnet Masks
Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast Addressing
Hardware Devices for Networking
Network Interface Cards
Token Ring
10BASE-T
100BASE-T
1000BASE-T
Fiber Optic and Gigabit Ethernet
Wireless Network Interfaces
Network Cable
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Fiber Optic Cable
Hubs and Switches
Routers and Bridges
Bridges
Routers
Initializing New Network Hardware
Editing the /etc/modprobe.conf File
Using modprobe to Manually Load Kernel Modules
Using Network Configuration Tools
Command-Line Network Interface Configuration
/sbin/ifconfig
/sbin/route
/bin/netstat
Network Configuration Files
Adding Hosts to /etc/hosts
Service Settings in /etc/services
Using /etc/nsswitch.conf After Changing Naming Services
Setting a Name Server with /etc/resolv.conf
Setting DNS Search Order with /etc/host.conf
Examining Host Network Settings in /etc/sysconfig/network
Using Graphical Configuration Tools
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
How DHCP Works
Activating DHCP at Installation and Boot Time
DHCP Software Installation and Configuration
DHCP dhclient
DHCP Server
Using DHCP to Configure Network Hosts
DHCP Server Configuration
Other Uses for DHCP
Wireless Networking
Support for Wireless Networking in Fedora
Cellular Networking
Advantages of Wireless Networking
Choosing from Among Available Wireless Protocols
Beyond the Network and onto the Internet
Common Configuration Information
Configuring Digital Subscriber Line Access
Understanding Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
Configuring a PPPoE Connection Manually
Configuring Dial-Up Internet Access
Configuring a Dial-Up Connection Manually
Using the Fedora Internet Configuration Wizard
Troubleshooting Connection Problems
Configuring a Dial-In PPP Server
Using Patches/Upgrades to Keep Your Network Secure
Reference
General
DHCP
Wireless
Books
19. Remote Access with SSH and Telnet
Setting Up a Telnet Server
Telnet Versus SSH
Setting Up an SSH Server
The SSH Tools
Using scp to Copy Individual Files Between Machines
Using sftp to Copy Many Files Between Machines
Using ssh-keygen to Enable Key-Based Logins
Remote X
XDMCP
VNC
Reference
20. Xen
Why Virtualization Is a Smart Idea
Virtualization Versus Paravirtualization
How Xen Works
Installing Xen
Setting Up Guest Operating Systems
Runtime Configuration
Reference
IV. Fedora As a Server
21. Apache Web Server Management
About the Apache Web Server
Installing the Apache Server
Installing from the RPM
Building the Source Yourself
Using ./configure to Build Apache
Apache File Locations After a Build and Install
Starting and Stopping Apache
Starting the Apache Server Manually
Using /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
Controlling Apache with Red Hat’s service Command
Controlling Apache with Red Hat’s chkconfig Command
Controlling Apache with Red Hat’s system-config-services Client
Runtime Server Configuration Settings
Runtime Configuration Directives
Editing httpd.conf
ServerRoot
Listen
User and Group
ServerAdmin
ServerName
DocumentRoot
UserDir
DirectoryIndex
Apache Multiprocessing Modules
Using .htaccess Configuration Files
Options Directives
AllowOverrides Directives
File System Authentication and Access Control
Restricting Access with allow and deny
Authentication
Final Words on Access Control
Apache Modules
mod_access
mod_alias
mod_asis
mod_auth
mod_auth_anon
mod_auth_dbm
mod_auth_digest
mod_autoindex
mod_cgi
mod_dir and mod_env
mod_expires
mod_headers
mod_include
mod_info and mod_log_config
mod_mime and mod_mime_magic
mod_negotiation
mod_proxy
mod_rewrite
mod_setenvif
mod_speling
mod_status
mod_ssl
mod_unique_id
mod_userdir
mod_usertrack
mod_vhost_alias
Virtual Hosting
Address-Based Virtual Hosts
Name-Based Virtual Hosts
Logging
Dynamic Content
CGI
SSI
Basic SSI Directives
config
echo
exec
fsize
flastmod
include
printenv
set
Flow Control
Graphic Interface Configuration of Apache
Configuring Virtual Host Properties
Configuring the Server
Configuring Apache for Peak Performance
Other Web Servers for Use with Fedora
Sun Java System Web Server
Stronghold
Zope
Zeus Web Server
Reference
22. Administering Database Services
A Brief Review of Database Basics
How Relational Databases Work
Understanding SQL Basics
Creating Tables
Inserting Data into Tables
Retrieving Data from a Database
Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL
Speed
Data Locking
ACID Compliance in Transaction Processing to Protect Data Integrity
SQL Subqueries
Procedural Languages and Triggers
Configuring MySQL
Setting a Password for the MySQL Root User
Creating a Database in MySQL
Granting and Revoking Privileges in MySQL
Configuring PostgreSQL
Initializing the Data Directory in PostgreSQL
Creating a Database in PostgreSQL
Creating Database Users in PostgreSQL
Deleting Database Users in PostgreSQL
Granting and Revoking Privileges in PostgreSQL
Database Clients
SSH Access to a Database
Local GUI Client Access to a Database
Web Access to a Database
The MySQL Command-Line Client
The PostgreSQL Command-Line Client
Graphical Clients
Reference
23. File and Print
Using the Network File System
Installing and Starting or Stopping NFS
NFS Server Configuration
NFS Client Configuration
Putting Samba to Work
Manually Configuring Samba with /etc/samba/smb.conf
Setting Global Samba Behavior with the [global] Section
Sharing Home Directories Using the [homes] Section
Sharing Printers by Editing the [printers] Section
Testing Samba with the testparm Command
Starting the smbd Daemon
Using the smbstatus Command
Connecting with the smbclient Command
Mounting Samba Shares
Configuring Samba Using SWAT
Network and Remote Printing with Fedora
Creating Network Printers
Enabling Network Printing on a LAN
Session Message Block Printing
Network-Attached Printer Configuration and Printing
Console Print Control
Console-Based Printer Configuration
Using Basic Print Commands
Managing Print Jobs
Using the Common UNIX Printing System GUI
Creating a CUPS Printer Entry
Avoiding Printer Support Problems
All-in-One (Print/Fax/Scan) Devices
Using USB and Legacy Printers
Reference
24. Remote File Serving with FTP
Using FTP Clients
The FTP Client Interface
Using the Text-Based FTP Client Interface
A Typical FTP Session Using the ftp Command
Using the lftp Command for File Transfers
Using the wget Command for File Transfers
Using Graphical FTP Clients
Using the gFTP Interface
FTP Sessions with Konqueror and Nautilus
FTP Servers
Choosing an Authenticated or Anonymous Server
Fedora FTP Server Packages
Other FTP Servers
Installing FTP Software
The FTP User
xinetd Configuration for wu-ftpd
Configuring xinetd for the wu-ftp Server
Starting the Very Secure FTP Server (vsftpd) Package
Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server
Controlling Anonymous Access
Other vsftpd Server Configuration Files
Default vsftpd Behaviors
Configuring the wu-ftpd Server
Using Commands in the ftpaccess File to Configure wu-ftpd
Configure Access Control
Limit Access for Anonymous Users
Define User Classes
Block a Host’s Access to the Server
Restrict Permissions Based on Group IDs
Limit Permissions Based on Individual ID
Restrict the Number of Users in a Class
Limit the Number of Invalid Password Entries
Configure User Information
Display a Prelogin Banner
Display a File
Display Administrator’s Email Address
Notify User of Last Modification Date
Configure System Logging
Redirect Logging Records
Log All User-Issued Commands
Log Security Violations and File Transfers
Configure Permission Control
Allow Users to Change File Permissions
Assign Users File-Delete Permission
Assign Users File-Overwrite Permission
Allow Users to Rename Files
Allow Users to Compress Files
Assign or Deny Permission to Use tar
Determine What Permissions Can Apply to User-Created Upload Files
Configure Commands Directed Toward the cdpath
Structure of the shutdown File
Configure FTP Server File-Conversion Actions
Strip Prefix
Strip Postfix
Add-On Prefix
Add-On Postfix
External Command
Types
Options
Description
An Example of Conversions in Action
Using Commands in the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection
Server Administration
Display Information About Connected Users
Count the Number of Connections
Use /usr/sbin/ftpshut to Schedule FTP Server Downtime
Use /var/log/xferlog to View a Log of Server Transactions
Reference
25. Handling Electronic Mail
How Email Is Sent and Received
The Mail Transport Agent
Sendmail
Postfix
Qmail and Exim
Choosing an MTA
The Mail Delivery Agent
The Mail User Agent
Basic Sendmail Configuration and Operation
Configuring Masquerading
Using Smart Hosts
Setting Message Delivery Intervals
Building the sendmail.cf File
Mail Relaying
Forwarding Email with Aliases
Rejecting Email from Specified Sites
Introducing Postfix
Making the Switch
Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail
Installing Fetchmail
Configuring Fetchmail
Configuring Global Options
Configuring Mail Server Options
Configuring User Accounts
Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent
Procmail
Spamassassin
Squirrelmail
Virus Scanners
Special Mail Delivery Agents
Mail Daemons
Alternatives to Microsoft Exchange Server
Microsoft Exchange Server/Outlook Client
CommuniGate Pro
Oracle Collaboration Suite
Open Xchange
Conclusion
Reference
Web Resources
Books
26. Setting Up a Proxy Server
What Is a Proxy Server?
Installing Squid
Configuring Clients
Access Control Lists
Specifying Client IP Addresses
Sample Configurations
Reference
27. Managing DNS
Configuring DNS for Clients
Understanding the /etc/host.conf File
Understanding the /etc/nsswitch.conf File
Understanding the /etc/hosts File
Understanding the /etc/resolv.conf File
Understanding the Changes Made by DHCP
Essential DNS Concepts
How Nameservers Store DNS Structure Information
How DNS Provides Name Service Information to Users
Name Resolution in Practice
Using DNS Tools
dig
host
nslookup
whois
Configuring a Local Caching Nameserver
Your Own Domain Name and Third-Party DNS
Providing DNS for a Real Domain with BIND
rndc.conf
named.conf
The Zone File
The Zone File’s SOA Record
The Zone File’s Other Records
Logging
Resolver Configuration
Running the named Nameserver Daemon
Providing DNS for a Real Domain
Forward Zone
Reverse Zone
Registering the Domain
Troubleshooting DNS
Delegation Problems
Reverse Lookup Problems
Maintaining Accurate Serial Numbers
Troubleshooting Problems in Zone Files
Tools for Troubleshooting
Using Fedora’s BIND Configuration Tool
Managing DNS Security
UNIX Security Considerations
DNS Security Considerations
Defining Access Control Lists
Controlling Queries
Controlling Zone Transfers
Alert named to Potential Problem Hosts
Using DNS Security Extensions
Using Split DNS
Reference
28. LDAP
Configuring the Server
Populating Your Directory
Configuring Clients
Evolution
Thunderbird
Administration
Reference
29. News Servers
Types of News Servers
Full Newsfeed Servers
Leaf Node Servers
Local News Servers
The INN Package and Configuration Files
Installing the INN Package
Configuring innd
The inn.conf File
The incoming.conf File
The storage.conf File
The readers.conf File
The active and newsgroups Files
The history Files
Running innd
Reference
V. Programming Linux
30. Using Perl
Using Perl with Linux
Perl Versions
A Simple Perl Program
Perl Variables and Data Structures
Perl Variable Types
Special Variables
Operators
Comparison Operators
Compound Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Other Operators
Special String Constants
Conditional Statements: if/else and unless
if
unless
Looping
for
foreach
while
until
last and next
do ... while and do ... until
Regular Expressions
Access to the Shell
Modules and CPAN
Code Examples
Sending Mail
Purging Logs
Posting to Usenet
One-Liners
Command-Line Processing
Reference
Books
Usenet
WWW
Other
31. Working with Python
Python on Linux
Getting Interactive
The Basics of Python
Numbers
More on Strings
Lists
Dictionaries
Conditionals and Looping
Functions
Object Orientation
Class and Object Variables
Constructors and Destructors
Class Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance
The Standard Library and the Vaults of Parnassus
Reference
32. Writing PHP Scripts
Introduction to PHP
Entering and Exiting PHP Mode
Variables
Arrays
Constants
References
Comments
Escape Sequences
Variable Substitution
Operators
Conditional Statements
Special Operators
Switching
Loops
Including Other Files
Basic Functions
Strings
Arrays
Files
Miscellaneous
Handling HTML Forms
Databases
Introduction to PEAR::DB
Reference
33. C/C++ Programming Tools for Fedora
Programming in C with Linux
Programming in C++
Getting Started with Linux C/C++ Programming
The Process of Programming
Elements of the C/C++ Language
Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Fedora Core Linux
Building Programs with make
Using Makefiles
Using Macros and Makefile Targets
Using the autoconf Utility to Configure Code
Managing Software Projects with RCS and CVS
Debugging Tools
Using splint to Check Source Code
Using gprof to Track Function Time
Doing Symbolic Debugging with gdb
Using the GNU C Compiler
A Simple C Program
Graphical Development Tools
Using the KDevelop Client
Trolltech’s Qt Designer
The Glade Client for Developing in GNOME
Additional Resources
Reference
34. Mono
Why Use Mono?
Mono on the Command Line
The Structure of a C# Program
Printing Out the Parameters
Creating Your Own Variables
Adding Some Error Checking
Building on Mono’s Libraries
Searching with Beagle
Creating a GUI with Gtk#
Reference
Books
VI. Fedora Housekeeping
35. Securing Your Machines
Understanding Computer Attacks
Assessing Your Vulnerability
Protecting Your Machine
Securing a Wireless Network
Passwords and Physical Security
Configuring and Using Tripwire
Devices
Viruses
Configuring Your Firewall
Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan
Keeping Up-to-Date on Linux Security Issues
Reference
36. Performance Tuning
Hard Disk
Using the BIOS and Kernel to Tune the Disk Drives
The hdparm Command
File System Tuning
The mke2fs Command
The tune2fs Command
The e2fsck Command
The badblocks Command
Disabling File Access Time
Kernel
Apache
MySQL
Measuring Key Buffer Usage
Using the Query Cache
Miscellaneous Tweaks
Query Optimization
Reference
37. Command Line Masterclass
Why Use the Shell?
Basic Commands
Printing the Contents of a File with cat
Changing Directories with cd
Changing File Access Permissions with chmod
Copying Files with cp
Printing Disk Usage with du
Finding Files by Searching with find
Searching for a String in Input with grep
Paging Through Output with less
Creating Links Between Files with ln
Finding Files from an Index with locate
Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls
Reading Manual Pages with man
Making Directories with mkdir
Moving Files with mv
Listing Processes with ps
Deleting Files and Directories with rm
Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail
Printing Resource Usage with top
Printing the Location of a Command with which
Combining Commands
Multiple Terminals
Reference
Books
38. Advanced yum
Getting Started
Running yum Noninteractively
Using yum to Remove Packages
Maintaining yum
Using yum to Manage Package Inventory
Configuring yum
Creating a Local yum Repository
Using createrepo
Reference
39. Managing the File System
The Fedora File System Basics
Physical Structure of the File System on the Disk
File System Partitions
Network and Disk File Systems
Viewing Your System’s File Systems
Working with the ext3 File System
Understanding the ext3 File System Structure
Journaling Options in ext3
Verifying File Integrity in ext3 File Systems with the fsck Utility
Other File Systems Available to Fedora
The Reiser File System (reiserfs)
JFS and XFS File Systems
DOS File Systems
CD-ROM File Systems
iso9660
Universal Disk Format
Creating a File System
The Disk as a Storage Device
Creating the Partition Table
The fdisk Command
The parted Command
Creating the File System on the Partitioned Disk
Using mke2fs to Create the File System
Using mkfs.ext3
Using mkreiserfs
Creating a DOS File System with mkdosfs
Mounting File Systems
The mount Command
The umount Command
Mounting Automatically with /etc/fstab
GUI Tools to Mount File Systems
Relocating a File System
Installing the New Drive
Creating the Partition Table and Formatting the Disk
Mount the New Partition and Populating It with the Relocated Files
Logical Volume Management
File System Manipulation
Creating a File System for Testing
Step 1—Make a Blank Image File
Step 2—Make a File System
Step 3—Mount Our Test File System
Mounting a Partition as Read-Only on a Running System
Converting an Existing ext2 File System to ext3
Making an Initial Ramdisk
Examine an initrd Image File
Managing Files for Character Devices, Block Devices, and Special Devices
Naming Conventions Used for Block and Character Devices
Using mknod to Create Devices
Reference
40. Kernel and Module Management
The Linux Kernel
The Linux Source Tree
Types of Kernels
Managing Modules
When to Recompile
Kernel Versions
Obtaining the Kernel Sources
Patching the Kernel
Compiling the Kernel
Using xconfig to Configure the Kernel
Creating an Initial RAM Disk Image
When Something Goes Wrong
Errors During Compile
Runtime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel Oops
Reference
VII. Appendix
A. Fedora and Linux Internet Resources
Websites and Search Engines
Web Search Tips
Google Is Your Friend
Fedora Package Listings
Certification
Commercial Support
Documentation
Linux Guides
The Fedora Project
Red Hat Linux
Mini-CD Linux Distributions
Floppy-Based Linux Distributions
Various Intel-Based Linux Distributions
PowerPC-Based Linux Distributions
Linux on Laptops and PDAs
The X Window System
Usenet Newsgroups
Mailing Lists
Fedora Project Mailing Lists
Red Hat Mailing Lists
Internet Relay Chat
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Part VII. Appendix
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