Introduction to Communications-Based Train Control ◾ 11
Table 1.1 (Continued) Radio-Based CBTC Projects around the World
Country Location Line/System Supplier Solution Commissioning LoA
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Rail
Transit
Ampang Line Thales SelTrac 2016 UTO
Kuala Lumpur MRT Klang Valley MRT Bombardier CITYFLO 650 2017 UTO
Korea Seoul Metro Bundang Line Thales SelTrac 2014 UTO
Incheon Metro 2 Thales SelTrac 2014 UTO
Saudi
Arabia
Riyadh KAFD Monorail Bombardier CITYFLO 650 2012 UTO
Dubai Metro Red, Green Thales SelTrac 2011 UTO
Dubai Metro Al Sufouh LRT Alstom Urbalis 2014 STO
India Hyderabad Metro
Rail
L1, L2, L3 Thales SelTrac 2016 UTO
Delhi Metro Line 7 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 2015
France Paris Metro 1 Siemens Trainguard
MT CBTC
2011 DTO
Paris Metro 13 Thales SelTrac 2013 STO
(Continued)
12 ◾ Advances in Communications-Based Train Control Systems
Table 1.1 (Continued) Radio-Based CBTC Projects around the World
Country Location Line/System Supplier Solution Commissioning LoA
London Gatwick
Airport
Terminal Transfer
APM
Bombardier CITYFLO 650 2010 UTO
Lille Metro 1 Alstom Urbalis 2017 UTO
Spain Málaga Metro 1, 2 Alstom Urbalis 2013
Metro de Madrid 7Extension
MetroEste
Invensys Sirius 2011 STO
Brazil Sao Paulo Metro 5 Bombardier CITYFLO 650 2015 UTO
Sao Paulo Metro 17 Thales SelTrac 2015 UTO
Mexico Mexico City Metro 12 Alstom Urbalis 2012 STO
Switzerland Lausanne Metro M2 Alstom Urbalis 2008 UTO
Finland Helsinki Metro 1 Siemens Trainguard
MT CBTC
2014 STO
Denmark Copenhagen
S-Train
All lines Siemens Trainguard
MT CBTC
2018 STO
Venezuela Caracas Metro 1 Invensys Sirius 2013
Hungary Budapest Metro
2014 (M4)
M2, M4 Siemens Trainguard
MT CBTC
2013 (M2)
APM, automated people mover; LoA, level of automation; STO, semiautomated operation mode; UTO, unattended train operation.
Introduction to Communications-Based Train Control ◾ 13
from some implementations with short track, limited numbers of vehicles, and few
operating modes (such as the airport automated people movers in San Francisco or
Washington), to complex overlays on existing railway networks carrying more than
a million passengers each day and with more than 100 trains (such as lines 1 and
6 in Metro de Madrid, line 3 in Shenzhen Metro, some lines in Paris Metro and
Beijing Metro, or the Sub-Surface Railway (SSR) in London Underground).
1.6 Conclusion
As a modern successor of traditional railway signaling systems using track circuits,
interlockings, and signals, CBTC is an automated train control system using high-
capacity and bidirectional train-ground communications to ensure the safe opera-
tion of rail vehicles, improve the utilization of railway network infrastructure, and
enhance the level of service oered to customers. In this chapter, we introduced
several traditional train control systems. en, we presented the main features and
architecture of CBTC systems. Several signicant research challenges of CBTC
systems were discussed. Finally, we summarized the main CBTC projects around
the world.
References
1. R. D. Pascoe and T. N. Eichorn. What is communication-based train control? IEEE
Veh. Tech. Magazine, 4(4):16–21, 2009.
2. IEEE. IEEE Std 1474.1-2004: IEEE standard for communications-based train
control (CBTC) performance and functional requirements (Revision of IEEE Std
1474.1-1999). IEEE, pp. 1–45, 2004.
3. Railway applications—Urban guided transport management and command/control
systems—Part 1: System principles and fundamental concepts. IEC 62290-1, 2006.
4. CBTC. CBTC projects. www.tsd.org/cbtc/projects. Accessed September 2014.
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