40 ◾ Advances in Communications-Based Train Control Systems
need to be performed, some specic to the eld and some as a repeat of the factory
tests. Repeating some factory testing is technically not necessary, but this is how
the industry has been working so far. Specic eld tests are common to all CBTC
projects to verify core functions and eld data. Choosing what tests to perform in
the factory and on-site is based entirely on the experience of the CBTC supplier and
the transit agency. Despite intensive factory and eld testing, even on projects with
a very long eld test phase, it is inevitable that the CBTC will experience new con-
ditions during the rst months of operations, which might lead to an operational
disturbance. Hopefully, in the future, CBTC suppliers will improve their system
development and their factory test capabilities to a level which will be sucient
to eectively minimize eld tests. Another option to facilitate the entire signaling
project, including the testing part, is to simplify the system and to minimize the
customized functions.
References
1. IEEE. IEEE Std 1474.4-2011: IEEE recommended practice for functional testing of
a communications-based train control (CBTC) system. IEEE, New York, 2011.
2. A. Rumsey. Implementing CBTC on an operating transit system. American Public
Transportation Association Rail Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 2014.
3. K. Diemunsch. Migration to communication based train control. American Public
Transportation Association Rail Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 2014.
4. IEEE. IEEE Std 1474.1: IEEE standard for communications-based train control
(CBTC) performance and functional requirements. IEEE. New York, 2004.
5. IEEE. IEEE Std 1474.2: IEEE standard for operator interface requirements in com-
munications-based train control (CBTC) systems. IEEE. New York, 2003.
6. IEEE. IEEE Std 1474.3: IEEE recommended practice for communications-based
train control (CBTC) system design and functional allocations. IEEE. New York,
2008.
7. IEEE. IEEE Std 802.11: IEEE wireless local area network std 802.11 series. IEEE.
New York, 2012.
8. N. Glennie. EMC laboratory qualication testing for CBTC equipment. American
Public Transportation Association Rail Conference. Montreal, Quebec, Canada,
June15–18, 2014.
9. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. EN 50121: Railway
applications—Electromagnetic compatibility. European Committee for Electro-
technical Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, 2006.
10. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. EN 62236-1:Railway
applications—Electromagnetic compatibility. European Committee for Electro-
technical Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, 2008.
11. Military Standard. MIL-STD-810G: Department of Defense—Test Method Standard
for Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests, U.S. Department
of Defense, Washington, DC, 2008.
12. IEC 61373: Rolling stock equipment—Shock and vibration tests. International
Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
Testing Communications-Based Train Control ◾ 41
13. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. EN 60068-2-64:
Environmental testing—Part 2-64: Tests—Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random
and guidance. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, Brussels,
Belgium, 2008.
14. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. EN 60068-2-27:
Environmental testing—Part 2-27: Tests—Test Ea and guidance: Shock. European
Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, 2008.
15. IEC 60529: Degree of protection provided by enclosures (IP code). International
Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010.
16. International Council on Systems Engineering. International Council on Systems
Engineering (INCOSE) Handbook, version 3.2.2. International Council on Systems
Engineering, San Diego, CA, 2011.
17. H. Murray. Line 1 conversion makes metro history. Railway Gazette International,
168(2), 52, 2012.
18. Military Standard. MIL-STD-471A: Military Standardization Handbook 471 (MIL-
HDBK-471)—Maintainability Verication/Demonstration/Evaluation. U.S. Department
of Defense, Washington, DC, March 27, 1973.
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