It's impossible to describe all the possibilities and combinations to build a visualization in Tableau. You are entirely free to choose where you want to use your fields. However, there are not many places to put them. Here are the different options you have:

• Put fields in Rows or Columns. If the pill is Discrete (blue), you'll see a header. If the pill is Continuous (green), you'll see an axis. 
• Put fields in the Mark Properties shelf (Color, Size, Text,...).
• Add fields in Filters.
• Add fields in Page Filter. 

And that's it. With this, you can create every possible visualization in Tableau. No hidden menu, no secret page.

Do you want to learn more? Just keep reading. In the next section, you'll see the different Mark types with an example for each.