Index

across-validation index (CVI)

adjusted ADF χ²

adjusted Lo-Mendell-Rubin LR (ALMR LR) test

Akaike's information criterion (AIC)

approximate noncentrality parameter

asymptotically distribution free (ADF) estimation method

attrition

average posterior probability

Bayesian information criterion (BIC)

between subject models

binary indicators

biserial correlation

bootstrap likelihood ratio (BLRT) test

bundling items

categorical latent variable

causal effects invariance

censored data

censoring

centering time score

CFA model

with binary indicators

with categorical indicators

with censored data

with non-normal indicators

change in CFI (ΔCFI)

classification uncertainty

close-fit test

cluster analysis

collinearity

common metric completely standardized solution

communality

comparative fit index (CFI)

conditional CLA model

conditional GMM

conditional independence

conditional item-response probabilities

conditional probabilities

configural invariance

configural measurement invariance

configural model

confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)

congeneric measures

construct reliability

construct validity

correct class membership assignment

correcting for measurement error in a single indicator variable

covariance structure (COVS)

coverage

Cronbach's alpha

cross-sectional hybrid model

curvilinear growth pattern

defining latent classes

delta parameterization

differential item functioning (DIF)

direct effect

distal outcome

distributed parcelling

EFA

effect size

eight parameter matrices

endogenous indicators

endogenous latent variables

endogenous variable

entropy

error covariances

error variance invariance

estimated noncentrality parameter values

exogenous indicators

exogenous latent variables

exogenous variable

exploratory factor analysis (EFA)

factor loadings

factor mean differences

factor mixture model (FMM)

factorial invariance

factorial structure

FIML

first-order CFA model

first-order factors

factorial structure

intercepts

free time scores

full information maximum likelihood (FIML)

full measurement invariance

general orthogonal polynomial coefficients

global maximum of the likelihood

GMM model with covariates and distal outcome

group-based development model

growth function

growth mixture model (GMM)

growth trajectory

groups

heterogeneity of outcome growth trajectories

high end censoring

higher order CFA model

higher order factorial structures

homogeneous growth trajectory

hybrid model

indicator variables

indirect effect

influence of measurement errors

information criterion indices

integer orthogonal polynomials

coefficients

interaction between covariate and latent class

interactions between covariates

invariance of factor covariance

invariance of factor loadings

invariance of factor means

invariance of factor variance

invariance of growth factor variances/covariances

invariance of growth function

invariance of indirect effect

invariance of latent growth factor means

invariance of path coefficients

invariance of second-order factor loadings

invariance of structural parameters

invariance of the first-order factor intercepts

invariance of the second-order factor means

invariance of the second-order measurement parameters

invariance of the second-order structural parameters

isolated parceling

item parceling

item reliability

item response probabilities

item-pairs parceling

Kim's method

latent categorical variable

latent class analysis (LCA) model

latent class factor analysis (LCFA) model

latent class growth analysis (LCGA)

latent class membership

latent class membership classification

latent class membership prediction

latent class membership transitions

latent class misclassification

latent class probabilities

latent class variables

latent correlations

latent endogenous variable

latent exogenous variable

latent growth factors

latent growth model (LGM)

latent intercept growth factor

latent profile analysis (LPA) model

latent slope growth factors

latent transition analysis (LTA) model

latent variable model

LCA model with covariates

LGM with categorical outcomes

LGM with distal outcome

LGM with free time scores

LGM with time-invariant and time-varying covariates

LGM with time-invariant covariates

likelihood ratio (LR) test

linear growth trajectory

linear LGM

linear spline

linear time scores

link function

LISTWISE deletion

local independence

local maxima

Logistic function

Logit

Logit link

Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio (LMR LR) test

longitudinal mixture model

LTA model with measurement invariance

LTA model with measurement noninvariance

MacCallum, Browne & Sugawara's method

MACS

manifest variables

MAR

marker items

maximum likelihood (ML) function

SEM

MCAR

mean-adjusted maximum likelihood (MLM) estimator

mean-adjusted WLS estimator (WLSM)

mean and covariance structure (MACS)

mean and variance-adjusted WLS (WLSMV)

mean of the second-order factor

mean structure of the second-order CFA model

measurement equation

measurement error

single indicator

measurement invariance

measurement model

measurement parameters

measurement scale

metric invariance

MIMIC model

misclassification

missing at random (MAR)

missing completely at random (MCAR)

missing data patterns

missing values

misspecified model

mixed-effect mixed distribution model

mixture models

mixture factor analysis

mixture MIMIC model

mixture SEM model

ML estimator

MLR

χ² statistic

model χ² statistic

model comparison

model estimation

model evaluation

model fit indices

model fit test

model formulation

model identification

model implied variance/covariance matrix

model misspecfication

model modification

model parameter invariance test

moderated mediation

modification indices (MI)

Monte Carlo simulation for sample size estimate

most likely latent class membership

multi-group first-order CFA

multi-group modelling

multi-group CFA model

multi-group latent growth model (LGM)

multi-group second-order CFA

multi-group SEM

multinomial Logit mode

multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) model

multiple outcome growth processes

multi-process LGM

multivariate normality

multivariate skewness and kurtosis tests

multiwave CFA model

noncentral χ² distribution

noncentrality parameter

nonlinear growth trajectory

nonlinear LGM

nonlinear outcome change

non-normal data

non-normality

nonnormed fit index (NNFI)

nonparametric factor analysis

number of bootstrap draws

omnibus invariance test

optimal number of latent classes

orthogonal polynomials

coefficients

orthogonal second order polynomials

overall growth trajectory

overall model fit

over-identified models

pairwise deletion

parallel LGM

parallel measures

parameter restriction approaches

parameterization approaches for LTA parameter estimation

partial measurement invariance

path analysis

path coefficients

path diagrams

pattern of growth trajectory

person-centered approach

piecewise growth curve

piecewise linear LGM

polychoric correlation

polynomial function

polyserial correlation

population heterogeneity

posterior class membership probabilities

posterior probabilities

post-hoc power analysis

prevalence of latent class

Probit function

Probit link

prospective power analysis

quadratic slope growth factor

quadratic time scores

quality of latent class membership classification

quality of Monte Carlo simulation

reliability

rescaling-based robust estimators

residualized first-order factor loading

robust estimator

robust maximum likelihood (MLR) estimator

robust standard errors and mean adjusted χ² statistic

robust WLS estimators

root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)

root mean-square residual (RMR)

rules of thumb for sample size

sample size for structural equation modelling

sample variance/covariance matrix

sample-size adjusted BIC

Satorra & Bentler's (SB) estimator

Satorra & Saris's method for sample size estimation

Satorra-Bentler χ²

scale reliability

scaling correction factor

Schmid-Leiman transformation

second-order CFA model

second-order configural CFA mode

second-order factorial structure

second-order factors

semi-continuous outcome measure

single indicator

size of latent class

specific indirect effects

standardization solution

standardized factor loadings

standardized residuals

standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR)

starting values

statistic power

strict measurement invariance

strong measurement invariance

structural model

structural equation model

structural equations

structural invariance

structural parameters

tau-equivalent measures

test-retest reliability

testing indirect effects

testing interactions involving latent variables

testing nonnormality

tetrachoric correlation

theta parameterization

three basic equations

three different parameter restriction approaches

threshold

time scores

time-invariant covariates

time-varying covariates

total effect

total specific effect

trajectory groups

transition matrix

transition patterns

transition probabilities

transitions of latent class membership

Tucker Lewis index (TLI)

two-part LGM

unconditional GMM model

unconditional linear LGM

unconditional probabilities

unspecified LGM

variable-centered approaches

weak measurement invariance

weighted least square estimator

weighted root-mean-square residual (WRMR)

Wishart distribution

within subject model

within-class growth trajectories within-class variation

WLS-based estimators

Yuan-Benter test statistic