- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1 Visual Cryptography from Halftone Error Diffusion
- 2 Visual Cryptography for Color Images
- 3 Visual Cryptography for Multiple Secrets
- 4 Extended Visual Cryptography for Photograph Images
- 5 Probabilistic Visual Cryptography Schemes
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Visual Cryptography Schemes
- 5.3 Canonical Probabilistic Schemes
- 5.4 Probabilistic Schemes with No Pixel Expansion
- 5.5 Trading Pixel Expansion with Probabilities
- 5.6 Constructing Probabilistic Schemes
- 5.7 Probabilistic Schemes with Boolean Operations
- 5.8 Conclusions and Open Problems
- Bibliography
- 6 XOR-Based Visual Cryptography
- 7 Visual Cryptography and Random Grids
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Random Grids
- 7.3 Visual Cryptograms of Random Grids
- 7.3.1 Definition of VCRG
- 7.3.2 (2, 2)-VCRG Algorithms for Binary Images
- 7.3.3 Experiments for (2, 2)-VCRG
- 7.3.4 Definition of Light Contrast and Performance Evaluation
- 7.3.5 Algorithms of (n, n)-VCRG for Binary Images
- 7.3.6 Algorithms of (n, n)-VCRG for Gray-Level and Color Images
- 7.3.7 Experiments for (n, n)-VCRG
- 7.4 Concluding Remarks
- Bibliography
- 8 Visual Cryptography and Contrast Bounds
- 9 Visual Cryptography Schemes with Reversing
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Visual Cryptography Schemes
- 9.3 Almost Ideal Contrast VCS with Reversing
- 9.4 Ideal Contrast VCS with Reversing
- 9.4.1 A Construction Using a Binary Secret Sharing Scheme
- 9.4.2 Constructions Using Perfect Black VCSs
- 9.4.2.1 The Scheme by Cimato, De Santis, Ferrara, and Masucci
- 9.4.2.2 The Scheme by Hu and Tzeng
- 9.4.2.3 The Scheme by Yang, Wang, and Chen
- 9.4.2.4 Comparisons
- 9.4.3 A Construction Using a Nonperfect Black VCS
- 9.5 Conclusions
- Bibliography
- 10 Cheating Prevention in Visual Cryptography
- 11 Resolving the Alignment Problem in Visual Cryptography
- 12 Applications of Visual Cryptography
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Trojan-Secure Confirmation of Transactions
- 12.3 Trojan-Secure Authentication Using a PIN
- 12.4 Security versus Multiple Use
- 12.5 Using Refraction
- 12.6 Technical Problems Concerning Adjustment and Parallaxes
- 12.7 Voting with a Receipt Based on visual cryptography
- 12.8 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- 13 Steganography in Halftone Images
- 14 Image Secret Sharing
- 15 Polynomial-Based Image Sharing
- 16 Image Sharing with Steganography and Authentication
- 17 Two-Decoding-Option Image Sharing Method
- Index
VISUAL
CRYPTOGRAPHY
AND SECRET IMAGE SHARING
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