Contents

About the author

Acknowledgements

Introduction

1   I'm all ears – theoretically!

Sound – the executive explanation

I hear you knocking

Hearing test

In sickness and in health

2   Sound measurement

Frequency

Velocity and wavelength

Doppler effect

Sound reflection and absorption

Phase

Moving mics

Thinking aloud

Inverse square law

Acoustics

Intelligibility

3   Camcorder: power and audio facilities

Power

Inputs

Sound output

Phantom power

Batteries and run time

4   Camcorder: track selection and magnetic recording

Track selection

Mic and line level

On camera mic

Magnetic recording:

Cassette

Head cleaning

5   Camcorder: sound levels

Manual or auto

Level control and dynamic range

Post-production

Limiter

Dolby encoding

6   Camcorder: sound metering

Meter summary

Viewfinder indication

Auto tone

Line-up

7   Camcorder: external facilities

Sound monitoring

Noise on monitoring circuit

Playback or E to E

Headphone monitoring volume control

Alarm

Tape/alarm warnings

LCD display

Camcorder recording operation

Eject

Playback adapter

8   Mics: types in common location usage

Polar response

Frequency response

Gun mic: directional

Reporter's hand-held (stick) mic: omni-directional

Clip (personal) mic: omnidirectional

M/S

Phantom powering

T-power

9   Mics: cables and radio

Balanced line

Unbalanced line

Direct inject box

Straight or curly?

Plugging

Colours

Radio mics

Radio mic rules

10   Mics: placement with regard to speech

The seated indoor interview

Mic choice

Position

Mic stand

11   Mics: use of clip mic for seated interview

Fabrics and fashions

Making the interviewee comfortable:

Experienced interviewees

Inexperienced interviewees

Last word on clip mics

Last word on cable concealment

Last word!

12   Mics: practical listening exercise (a) mic quality

Listening to mics

Practical exercises

Omni

Directional

The recording

13   Mics: practical listening exercise (b) mic placement and sound discrimination

One ear

The recording

Once more, with pictures

Further listening

14   Sound balance and location acoustics

Sound balance

Open-plan office example

Location acoustics

Voice-over

15   Recording for the edit

Murphy's Law

Run to record … and cut!

Wildtrack

Copyright

16   Safety

First aid

High sound levels

Accident

Pre-location planning

On location:

Rigging

Handling and carrying

Electrical

Cables

Shooting

Clean/disinfect earpieces

It's a wrap

Personal comfort

Problems

At all times

Insurance

17   Single person operation: mic placement overview and static operation

Mic choice and placement

Remain stationary

Piece to camera

One plus one

And the rest …

Stand mic

18   Single person operation: specific location scenarios

Walking and talking

Press conference

Phone conversation

Wind noise

If wet, in the pavilion

On-camera mic

19   Single person operation: use of headphones

Confidence replay

Headphone volume control

Emergency spare

20   Single person operation: tracks, levels and practical exercise (c)

Which track?

Sound level

Practical exercise (c): pre-location

Gain

21   Single person operation: shooting

At the location

Line-up

Shooting for the edit

‘Did you get that?’

Cassette handling

Transcription recording

Sync

22   Sound recordist operation: mixer

Portable location mixer

(a) Channel inputs

(b) Outputs

(c) Powering

(d) Metering and monitoring

(e) Tone

Mixer/recorder

23   Sound recordist operation: track selection

Camcorder plugging

Working apart

Radio link

24   Sound recordist operation: mixing mics

Mics

Mixing

Judging shot size

25   Sound recordist operation: practical exercises (d) and (e)

Practical exercise (d): mixing

Practical exercise (e): mixing and balancing

26   Sound recordist operation: balancing

The balancing act

Deliberate sound peak

The perfect mix?

Split track

Transcription recording

27   Sound recordist operation: pole operation

Add-ons

Choice of pole

Me and my shadow

28   Sound recordist operation: multiple contributors

Multi-channel desk

The sound trolley

Mic stands

Equalization

Face the music

One mic

Shooting from several camera positions

Perspective

Communications

Working with assistants

PA

29   Stereo: mics and placement

Sound stage

Sound bite

Wildtrack

Don't move!

On camera mic

Mics

Middle or main and side (M/S)

Pole operation

30   Stereo: mixer

Ganged controls

Additional mixer stereo facilities

Cabling and identification

Levels

Mono compatibility

31   Live broadcasting

Links vehicle

Communications

Omni (or open) talkback

Switched talkback

Reverse talkback

Radio talkback

Clean feed

‘When are we on?’

Circuit check

Cut to ident.

On-air

Standby (hot spare)

Live – from a phone near you!

32   Digital sound

‘The greatest invention since sliced bread’

Error handling

33   Timecode

Control track

Data or U-bit

Timecode

Hold and reset

Timecode feed to ancillary equipment

Radio timecode

Timecode on location

Head cleaning

More information

34   Pre-location equipment check

Test tape

Equipment list

Single person operation

Sound recordist operation

35   Fault finding

Power

Sound metering and monitoring

Sound signal chain

Noise

Noisy monitoring

Intermittent noise

36   Equipment

Headphones

Basic tools

Kit bag

Extra tools

Accessories in extremis

XLR cables

And the rest …

Mixer, pole and mic stands

Hire

Flight cases and packing

Vehicle

Add-ons

37   Mics: technical information and operational summaries

Moving coil

Condenser

Electret

Figure-of-eight polar diagram

Mics: operational summaries

Stick (omni, dynamic)

Gun

Clip

Radio

38   Call sheet details

Location planning – recce

Events

Crew call sheet

Call time and R/V

Production details

Shooting

On the day

39   Insurance

Public liability

Employee liability

Professional indemnity

Equipment

Personal life

Travel

Medical/health

Personal accident/injury

Vehicle

Income protection

Appendix A Industry associations and societies

Appendix B Bibliography

Appendix C Terminology

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