Appendix B

Graphic Symbols Used in Distribution System Design

Some of the most commonly used graphic symbols for distribution systems, both in this book and in general usage, are given on the following pages.

Table B.1

Graphic Symbols Used in Distribution System Design

Symbol

Usage

image

Polarity markings:

    Current transformer with instantaneous polarity markings

image

    Potential transformer with instantaneous polarity markings

image

Power flow direction:

    One-way

image

    Either way (not simultaneously)

image

    Both ways (simultaneously)

image

Connection symbols:

    2-phase, 3-wire, ungrounded

image

    2-phase, 3-wire, grounded

image

    2-phase, 4-wire

image

    2- phase, 5-wire, grounded

image

    3- phase, 3-wire, delta or mesh

image

    3-phase, 3-wire, delta, grounded

image

    3-phase, 4-wire, delta, ungrounded

image

    3-phase, 4-wire, delta, grounded

image

    3-phase, open-delta

image

    3-phase, open-delta, grounded at the middle point of one winding

image

    3-phase, broken-delta

image

    3-phase, wye or star, ungrounded

image

    3-phase, wye, grounded neutral

image

    3-phase, 4-wire, ungrounded

image

    3-phase, zigzag, ungrounded

image

    3-phase, zigzag, grounded

image

    3-phase, Scott or T

image

    6-phase, double-delta

image

    6-phase, hexagonal (or chordal)

image

    6-phase, star (or diametrical)

image

    6-phase, star, with grounded neutral

image

    6-phase, double zigzag with neutral brought out and grounded

image

Resistor:

    Resistor (general)

image

    Tapped resistor

image

    Resistor with adjustable contact

image

    Shunt resistor

image

    Series resistor and path open

image

    Series resistor and path short-circuited

image

Capacitor:

    Capacitor (general)

image

    Polarized capacitor

image

    Variable capacitor

image

    Series capacitor and path open

image

    Series capacitor and path short-circuited

image

    Shunt capacitor

image

    Capacitor bushing for circuit breaker or transformer

image

    Capacitor-bushing potential device

image

    Coupling capacitor potential device

image

Battery:

    Battery (general)

image

    Battery with one cell

image

    Battery with multicell

image

Transmission path (conductor, cable wire):

    Bus bar, with connection

image

    Conductor or path

image

    2 conductors or paths

image

    3 conductors or paths

image

    n conductors or paths

image

    Crossing of two conductors or paths not connected

image

    Junction

image

    Junction of connected paths

image

    Shielded single conductor

image

    Shielded 5-conductor cable

image

    Shielded 2-conductor cable with conductors separated on the diagram for convenience

image

    3-conductor cable

image

Grouping of leads:

    General

image

    Interrupted

image

Transmission and distribution lines:

    Telephone line

image

    Cable (or line) underground

image

    Submarine line

image

    Overhead line

image

    Loaded line

image

Ground:

    Ground (general)

image

Switch:

    Single-throw switch (disconnect switch)

image

    Double-throw switch

image

    Knife switch

image

Connector:

    Female contact

image

    Male contact

image

    Separable connectors

image

Operating coil:

    Operating coil (general), e.g., reactor

image

Transformer:

    Transformer (general)

image

    Adjustable mutual inductor (constant-current transformer)

image

    Single-phase transformer with taps

image

    Single-phase autotransformer

image

    Adjustable

image

    Step-voltage regulator or load-ratio control autotransformer

image

    Step-voltage regulator

image

    Load-ratio control autotransformer

image

    Load-ratio control transformer with taps

image

    Single-phase induction voltage regulator

image

    Triplex induction voltage regulator

image

    3-phase induction voltage regulator

image

    1-phase, 2-winding transformer

image

    3-phase bank of 1-phase, 2-winding transformers with wye–delta connections

image

Polyphase transformer:

    Polyphase transformer (general)

image

    1-phase, 3-winding transformer

image

Current transformer:

    Current transformer (general)

image

    Bushing-type current transformer

image

image

Potential transformers:

    Potential transformer (general)

image

    Outdoor metering device

image

    Linear coupler

image

Fuse:

    Fuse (general)

image

    Fuse (supply side indicated by a thick line)

image

    Isolating fuse switch (HV primary fuse cutout) dry

image

    HV primary fuse cutout, oil

image

    Isolating fuse switch for onload switching

image

    Current limiter (for power cable)

image

    Lightning arrester

image

    Horn gap

image

    Multigap (general)

image

Circuit breaker:

    Circuit breaker, air (for dc or ac rated at 1.5 kV or less)

image

    Network protector

image

    HV circuit breaker (for ac rated at above 1.5 kV)

image

    Circuit breaker with thermal-overload device

image

    Circuit breaker with magnetic thermal-overload device

image

    Circuit breaker, drawout type

image

Rotating machine:

    Generator (general)

image

    Generator, dc

image

    Generator, ac

image

    Generator, synchronous

image

    Motor (general)

image

    Motor, dc

image

    Motor, ac

image

    Motor, synchronous

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