Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: The History and Culture of Energy

Abstract

The Towler Principle

The History of Energy Use

The Movement to Oil

Summary

Chapter 2: How Is Energy Measured

Abstract

Hydrocarbon Fuels

Wood Fuels

Units of Power

Chapter 3: Energy Science and Thermodynamics

Abstract

The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Chapter 4: Environmental Issues

Abstract

The Carbon Dioxide Issue

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Wind

Solar

Hydroelectric

Nuclear

Chapter 5: Crude Oil

Abstract

U.S. World Oil Production and the Peak Oil Theory

The U.S. Gas Supply Analogy to World Oil Production

New Supplies of Oil in the United States and the Implications for the World Oil Market

The World Picture

The Future of Oil

Chapter 6: Natural Gas

Abstract

The World Picture

Liquefied Natural Gas

Natural Gas Production in the United States

Natural Gas Storage

The Price of Gas

State Production and Transportation of Natural Gas in USA

Fracture Stimulation Techniques

Liquid Transportation Fuels from Natural Gas

The Future of Natural Gas

Chapter 7: Nuclear Energy

Abstract

The Uranium Fuel Cycle

Fast Breeder Reactors

Uranium Reserves and Sources

Nuclear Power Plant Safety

The Three Mile Island Incident

The Chernobyl Disaster

The Fukushima-Daiichi Incident

Nuclear Fusion Reactors

The Future of Nuclear Power

Chapter 8: Solar Power

Abstract

Photovoltaics

Concentrated Solar Power

Solar Efficiency of CSP Installations

Selected Location Studies

Environmental Issues

Economics

The Future of Solar Energy

Chapter 9: Wind Energy

Abstract

Wind Energy Statistics

Physics and Engineering of Wind Power

Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Pollution

Land Use Issues

The Portsmouth Abbey Wind Turbine

Impact on Birds, Bats and Other Flying Wildlife

Impacts on People

Summary

Chapter 10: Hydroelectricity

Abstract

Hydroelectric Basics

The Columbia River Hydroelectric System

The Grand Coulee Dam

The Other Columbia River Dams

Pumped Hydroelectric Storage

Summary

Chapter 11: Geothermal Energy

Abstract

The Geysers Dry Steam Geothermal Power Plant

Other Geothermal Applications

Enhanced Geothermal Systems

Environmental Issues

The Future of Geothermal Energy

Chapter 12: Ethanol, Biodiesel, and Biomass

Abstract

Ethanol Production

Fuel Economy of Ethanol

Biodiesel Production

Direct Conversion of Woody Biomass into Gasoline, Diesel and Other Liquid Fuels

Environmental Issues

The Future of Biomass

Chapter 13: Coal and Clean Coal Technologies

Abstract

World Coal Production

U.S. Coal Production

Australian Coal Production

Chinese Coal Production

Health, Safety, and Environmental Issues in Coal Use

Clean Coal Technologies

Coal to Liquids Technologies

Underground Coal Gasification

The Future of Coal

Chapter 14: Carbon Capture and Storage

Abstract

Carbon Emissions

Phase Behavior of Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Capture Methods

Carbon Storage Concepts

Carbon Storage Projects

The Future of Carbon Capture and Storage

Chapter 15: Hydrogen

Abstract

Hydrogen Technologies

The Hydrogen Economy

The Future of Hydrogen and the Hydrogen Economy

Chapter 16: What Is the Future of Energy? An Energy Policy for the United States

Abstract

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Power

Hydroelectric

Wind

Solar

Geothermal

Oil

U.S. Energy Policy Development

Appendix A: The Carnot Cycle

Appendix B: Hubbert’s Peak Oil Theory from Chapter 5

Hubbert’s Model for World Oil Production

Hubbert’s Model for World Coal Production

Bibliography

Glossary

Index

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