Exploring Data with PROC MEANS, PROC FREQ, PROC PRINT, and PROC UNIVARIATE

5. Exploring Data with PROC MEANS, PROC FREQ, PROC PRINT, and PROC UNIVARIATE

Introduction: Why Perform Simple Descriptive Analyses?		90
Example: An Abridged Volunteerism Survey		91
Computing Descriptive Statistics with PROC MEANS		93
	The PROC MEANS Statement	93
	The VAR Statement	95
	Reviewing the Output	96
Creating Frequency Tables with PROC FREQ		96
	The PROC FREQ and TABLES Statements	97
	Reviewing the Output	97
Printing Raw Data with PROC PRINT		98
Testing for Normality with PROC UNIVARIATE		99
	Why Test for Normality?	100
	Departures from Normality	101
	General Form for PROC UNIVARIATE	103
	Results for an Approximately Normal Distribution	104
	Results for a Distribution with an Outlier	108
	Understanding the Stem-and-Leaf Plot	111
	Results for Distributions Demonstrating Skewness	114
Conclusion		118
References		118

Overview

This chapter illustrates the use of four procedures: PROC MEANS, used to calculate means, standard deviations, and other descriptive statistics for quantitative variables; PROC FREQ, used to construct frequency distributions; PROC PRINT, used to create a printout of the raw dataset; and PROC UNIVARIATE, used to test for normality and produce stem-and-leaf plots. Once data are entered, these procedures can be used to screen for errors, test statistical assumptions, and obtain simple descriptive statistics.

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Table of Contents for Exploring Data with PROC MEANS, PROC FREQ, PROC PRINT, and PROC UNIVARIATE

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5. Exploring Data with PROC MEANS, PROC FREQ, PROC PRINT, and PROC UNIVARIATE

Overview

Table of Contents for
Exploring Data with PROC MEANS, PROC FREQ, PROC PRINT, and PROC UNIVARIATE