Index
8-bit resolution, 422
16-bit resolution, 85, 422, 564
24-bit resolution, 85, 422, 564
A
AAC format, 165
AAF (Advanced Authoring Format), 485, 514
AAF files, 514–523
Absolute Grid mode, 244, 281–282
Active/Inactive checkbox, 71, 72
Advanced Authoring Format. See AAF
AES/EBU, 603
AIFL format, 165
All group, 111
.asf extension, 421
ATA/IDE drive, 8
audio, 137–157. See also audio tracks
auditioning takes, 149–150
connections, 569–580
decibel levels of common sounds, 128
digital. See digital audio
direct sound, 344
distortion, 124
editing. See editing
feedback loops, 142
input levels, 124–126
input/output selectors, 40
loop-recording, 148
monitoring, 126–127
MXF, 165
processing with AudioSuite, 396–397
punch-recording, 144–147
quality, 566
recording. See recording
reflected sound, 344
removing sounds, 367
safe levels, 127–128
scrubbing, 156–157
selections. See selections
studio equipment, 565–586
synchronization, 243. See also audio/video synchronization
for video. See video
vs. MIDI, 430
audio buffers, 22
audio bus, 94
audio data blocks, 553
audio files. See also files
adding, 166
auditioning, 204–205
backing up, 182
batch-loading, 169
conversion quality, 170
cross-platform, 65
deleting from hard drive, 142, 179, 562
displaying information, 235
duplicate names, 176
exporting audio regions as, 175–176
file ID, 162
finding, 162–164
location of, 141
managing. See DigiBase
missing, 162–164
mixed, 69
relinking, 162–163, 211–215, 518
sample rates, 170
size of, 563
spotting, 209
storing, 198
Audio Files folder, 198
audio input format, 25–26
audio interface, 71
audio monitors, connecting, 581–582
audio regions. See regions
Audio Regions list, 235, 237–238
audio signal flow, 349–351, 603
audio signals, 124
audio sources, 569–580
audio track channel strips, 31–33, 107, 349
audio tracks. See also tracks
assigning outputs, 92, 94, 352–353
displaying inputs/outputs, 94
exporting, 175–176
importing, 180–181
importing from OMF/AAF files, 518
importing with Import Session command, 171–174
line inserts, 368
looping playback, 155
mixing and, 349–350
multiple, 143
playing, 153–157
record-enabling, 120
recording, 141
scrubbing, 156–157
transferring from CD, 180–181
vs. MIDI tracks, 430
audio volumes, 196–197
Audiomedia III, 5
AudioSuite plug-ins
DINR BNR, 489
Duplicate, 334
processing audio with, 396
switching to, 559
using, 396–397
VocALign, 489
vs. RTAS plug-ins, 559–560
audio/video synchronization
basics, 487
checking accuracy of, 507–509
getting sync audio from picture editor, 514–523
head/tail leaders, 488
importing digital video, 510–511
peripherals, 496
session setup for, 497–503
Session Start time, 491, 498–499
synchronizing sound effects, 546, 547
synchronizing to time code, 492
syncing takes to guide track, 523
video deck, 492–496
Audition button, 325
Audition Path selector, 71–72
Auto Input Monitoring mode, 126, 145
Auto voice selection, 41
automation
automating sends, 406
breakpoints, 409–411
copying data, 299–300, 410, 413
cutting, 410–411
deleting data, 410–411
editing, 409–413
enabling, 401
looped regions, 414
mixes, 399–415
pasting, 410
plug-ins, 407–408
region loops, 322
smoothing, 555
track, 40
viewing data, 405
voice assignments, 114
Automation Enable window, 401
automation modes, 40, 43, 359, 400
automation playlists, 234, 404–405, 411, 603
Automation Safe mode, 43, 359, 408
automation writing, 403–404
auto-name parameters, 309
AutoSave operations, 67
auxiliary input channel strips, 31, 35, 349
auxiliary input tracks, 16
auxiliary inputs
assigning outputs to, 352
inserts on, 368
mixing and, 349–350
Avid software, 510
B
background processing, 216
backgrounds, 538–544
balance, track, 40
balanced line, 603
balancing levels, 424
bar/beats-based material, 443
Bars & Beats mode, 461
Bars:Beat ruler, 245
Bars:Beats format, 247
bi-directional microphones, 121
binaural auditory system, 603
bit depth
bounced files and, 422
imported audio and, 166
for sessions, 69
using lower bit depths, 564
for video, 487–489
Blocks view, 225
Blumlein technique, 123
BNC/word clock, 603
bounced mixes, 418–423
bouncing to disk, 129, 363, 418–423
breakpoints, 225, 409–411, 471, 604
Browser window, 187–188
browsers. See DigiBase
buffers
audio, 22
hardware, 22, 128–129, 553–554
latency and, 128–129
C
Capture Region command, 272
cardioid microphones, 121, 604
Catalog browsers, 186
Channel grid, 72
channel strips
audio track, 20, 31–33, 107, 349
narrow, 39
track controls, 40–43
types of, 31
channels
mapping, 74
re-mapping, 74
chorus, 390
Clear command, 142, 177, 179, 296
Clear Regions dialog box, 177
Clear Special command, 299, 412
clearing regions, 240, 298–299, 311
Click plug-in, 134–136
click tracks, 134–136, 443, 604
Click/Countoff dialog box, 134–135, 443
Clipboard, 296
clock errors, 508
clock reference, 487
clock speed, 506
close miking, 123
Close Session command, 70
Color Palette, 106
commands. See also individual commands
Browser menu, 190
destructive, 222
Edit menu, 296–303
non-destructive, 222
redoing, 242
undoing, 242
Compact command, 178
Compact Selected command, 177, 178
compacting audio files, 178, 563
composite performances, 293
Compressor plug-in, 383
condenser microphones, 122, 604
configuration
Hardware Setup dialog box, 24–26
I/O Settings files, 76
Pro Tools LE software, 22–27
connections, audio, 569–580
connectors, 586
controllers
Continuous Controllers (CCs), 471–473
master, 440
MIDI, 471
conversion quality, 422–423
Copy and Relink command, 198–199
Copy commands, 296, 299–300, 412–414
copying items
automation data, 299–300, 410, 413
in DigiBase, 206
MIDI notes, 468
regions, 296–300
tracks, 98
Counters view, 140
Countoff button, 134
CPU resources, 22–23
crossfades. See also fades
creating between two regions, 330
creating in batches, 333
length of, 147
linking curves, 328
between loops, 318
multiple, 333
post-crossfades, 331
pre-crossfades, 331
region groups, 317
removing, 332
storage location, 64
trimming, 332
types of, 324
Current Cursor display, 58
Current Meter button, 136
Cursor Location field, 58
Cursor Value field, 58
custom session templates, 78–79
automation, 410–411
dialog tracks, 529
selections, 296
D
DAE (Digidesign Audio Engine), 23–24
DAE playback buffer, 23–24, 554
DAT input, 152
decay, 392
Default button, 106
Default Output selector, 71–72
Default Sample Rate setting, 24
delay effects, 379, 389–390, 560
Delete command, 99
deleting items
audio files from hard drive, 142, 179, 562
automation data, 410–411
breakpoints, 410–411
crossfades, 332
files, 207
locked items, 207
markers, 256
memory locations, 256
MIDI notes, 467
with Pencil tool, 55
playlists, 234
regions, 562
rulers, 246
tracks, 99
density, 393
depth, 344
destructive commands, 222
Destructive Record mode, 118–119, 143, 145
devices
ADAT, 25
drive, 138
external digital, 25
MIDI. See MIDI devices
optical, 25
sending audio to multiple, 152
slave, 138
dialog tracks, 524–536
creating, 525
cutting from region to region, 529
editing, 524–536
goals of, 524–536
premixing, 549–550
removing clicks, 533–534
removing pops, 534–535
room tone, 526
smoothing transitions between, 528–529
splitting, 526–527
diffusion, 393
Digi 001 systems, 5
Digi 002 Rack systems
analog inputs, 573
back panel, 571–572
basic studio setup, 566–567
channels, 20
connecting audio sources to, 569–573
connecting external hardware effects to, 584–586
connecting hardware, 9
connecting MIDI devices to, 583
connecting monitor speakers to, 581
connecting studio equipment to, 566–568
described, 4
front panel, 570
headphone input, 581
input gain, 125
input levels, 124–125
low latency monitoring, 129–130
mic/line inputs, 573
MIDI I/O ports, 583
monitor outputs, 581
optical cables, 573
running on Mac OS X, 6
running on Windows XP, 7
setting clock source, 497
S/PDIF cables, 573
Digi 002 systems
analog inputs, 573
back panel, 571–572
basic studio setup, 566
channels, 20
connecting audio sources to, 569–573
connecting external hardware effects to, 584–586
connecting hardware, 9
connecting MIDI devices to, 583
connecting monitor speakers to, 581
connecting studio equipment to, 566–568
CPU power, 552
described, 4
front panel, 569
headphone input, 581
input gain, 125
input levels, 124–125
low latency monitoring, 129–130
mic/line inputs, 573
MIDI I/O ports, 583
monitor outputs, 581
optical cables, 573
running on Mac OS X, 6
running on Windows XP, 7
setting clock source, 497
S/PDIF cables, 573
DigiBase, 183–218
auditioning files, 204–205
browser commands, 190
browser windows, 187–188
Catalog browsers, 186
copying items, 206
data flow, 186
deleting items, 207
duplicating items, 206
elements of, 185–186
finding files in, 66, 201–203, 213
importing audio files, 165, 168–169, 208–210, 456
indexing, 200
locating session files, 66, 201–203
moving items, 206
new features, 185
opening session files, 66, 199
overview, 183–185
Project browsers, 185, 194, 198–199
Relink window, 163, 186, 212–213
relinking audio files, 211–215
search feature, 66, 201–203, 213
using browsers, 194–199
viewing ACID files, 193
viewing browsers, 191–193
viewing region group files, 193
viewing REX files, 193
Volume browsers, 185, 194, 197
waveforms, 204–205
working with volumes, 195–197
Workspace browser, 66, 185, 194–197
Digidesign Audio Engine. See DAE
Digidesign templates, 475
Digidesign Web site, 3
DigiRack RTAS plug-ins. See RTAS plug-ins
digital audio. See also audio
recording from, 152
sending to multiple devices, 152
space requirements, 561
digital audio workstation (DAW), 485
digital signal processing. See DSP
digital video. See video
DINR BNR plug-in, 489
direct sound, 391
directional microphones, 121
disk allocation, 131–132
disks. See hard drives
display preferences, 587–590
distant miking, 123
dither, 328, 379, 424, 564, 604
doubling, 389
DSP (digital signal processing), 366, 379, 604
DSP plug-ins, 366–367, 379, 604
Duplicate command, 18, 98, 301
Duplicate Tracks dialog box, 98
DV to analog video converter, 510, 513
DV Toolkit 2
described, 489
exporting audio from picture editor, 514–515
Feet.Frames ruler, 490–491
finding scene boundaries, 538
setting Pull Up/Down setting, 500
syncing sound to picture, 508–509
Time Code ruler, 490–491
DVDs, recording. See recording
dynamic effects, 379, 383–385, 604
Dynamic voice selection, 41
E
early reflections, 391
echo, 389
edit cursor, 153–154
Edit Decision Lists (EDLs), 485, 523
Edit Groups list, 59
edit insertion point, 277
Edit markers, 259
Edit menu commands, 296–303
edit playlists, 51, 233, 605. See also playlists
Edit tools, 54–56
Edit window, 49–60
Current Cursor display, 58
displaying instrument tracks in, 433
displaying MIDI tracks in, 433
Edit Groups list, 59
Edit tools, 54–56
editing audio in, 222
Event Edit area, 56
Location indicators, 57
opening, 50
Regions list, 59
Transport controls, 60
viewing, 50
Zoom buttons, 53
editing
advanced, 313–337
audio, 222
automation, 409–413
basics of, 221–256
CC data, 471–473
destructive, 334
dialog tracks, 524–536
fades. See fades
groups, 47
looped regions, 320
MIDI, 459–480
Mirrored MIDI Editing feature, 464
music for video, 549
playback mode, 222
playlists, 245
preferences, 593–594
region groups, 316–317
sound effects for video, 537–539
velocity, 469–470
waveforms, 261–262
Effect Bypass button, 377
effects. See also filters
adding to mixes, 365–398
blending sounds, 548
cleaning up, 545
considerations, 368
delay effects, 379, 389–390, 560
described, 365
in digital video, 537–548
editing, 537–539
equalization, 380–382
external hardware effects, 394–395, 584–586
key inputs, 387–388
mono, 539
plug-ins. See plug-ins
reverb, 391–393
stereo, 539
sweetening sounds, 548
synchronizing, 546–547
types of, 379
effects loops
creating, 387–388
performance and, 560
plug-ins and, 369
setting up, 586
submixes and, 361
using, 560
Effects Plug-in window, 45
effects send, 387–388
effects tracks, 539
End indicator, 139
EQ (equalization)
mastering and, 424
removing bumps with, 535–536
using, 381–382
EQ effects, 379
EQ filters, 381–382
equalization. See EQ
equipment, studio, 565–586
Event Edit area, 56
events, MIDI, 434, 453, 478–480
Expand/Collapse Paths button, 71
Expanded view, 140
Expander-Gate plug-in, 385
Export Settings button, 71
exporting
AAF files, 514–515
audio from picture editor, 514–515
audio regions as audio files, 175–176
audio tracks, 175–176
bouncing to disk, 129, 363, 419–423
I/O Settings files, 76
MIDI from Pro Tools, 457
OMF files, 514–515
extensions, 170
external hardware effects, 394–395, 584–586
F
fade curves, 326–327
fade to black, 538
fader levels, 42
faders
disabling, 557
moving, 557
playback, 126
post-faders, 37
pre-faders, 37
record, 126
volume, 108
fades, 323–333. See also crossfades
creating in batches, 333
curve shapes, 327
described, 605
dialog tracks, 528
dither, 328
multiple, 333
region groups, 317
storage location, 64
Fades dialog box, 325–332
feedback, 142
feedback loops, 142, 441, 445, 605
Feel Injector templates, 475
Feet+Frames format, 247
Feet.Frames ruler, 490–491
Figure-8 microphones, 121
file extensions, 170
file formats
AIFL, 165
audio, 26
bounced mixes, 421
BWF, 421
importing audio files, 165
for plug-ins, 369
for sessions, 65
file types, 27
files, 165
AAF, 514–523
audio. See audio files
bouncing, 418–420
duplicating, 206
finding, 162–164, 201–203, 213
locked, 207
managing, 161–182
MIDI. See MIDI files
missing, 162–164, 211–215, 518
moving, 206
OMFI, 514–523
plug-in settings, 27
QuickTime, 165
RealAudio, 165
relinking, 162–163, 199, 211–215, 518
session, 27, 182, 195, 516, 608
Sound Resource, 421
stereo, 170
video, 198
filters, 254, 381–382, 393. See also effects
Final Cut Pro software, 510
finding items
regions, 238
Transfer files, 164
FireWire technology, 8, 510, 513
flanging, 390
Flatten Performance function, 465
folders
indexing, 200
in Project browser, 198
formats. See file formats
frame rates, 500
Free Hand mode, 470–472
frequency ranges, 345, 380–382
G
gain, fader, 70
gain stage, 605
gain staging, 605
gaps, 292
Gate plug-in, 384
General Properties memory location, 249, 252
global path assignments, 75
glossary, 603–609
Go to End button, 138
Grabber tool, 56, 278, 307, 467–469
Grid mode, 52, 244, 276, 281–282, 337, 449, 461
Grid/Nudge values, 58
Groove Quantize models, 475
Group Enables property, 249
grouping tracks, 110–113
groups
changing members of, 112
color, 106
disabling, 111
record-enabling and, 120
region. See region groups
renaming, 111
showing in sessions, 47
suspending, 47
unlinking, 113
Groups list, 111
guide tracks, 503–506, 523, 547
H
handle value, 605
hard drives
allocating space, 131–132, 133
bouncing to disk, 363, 418–423
deleting audio files from, 142, 179
disk allocation, 561
managing space, 8
running out of space, 132
space requirements, 8
speed of, 8
using efficiently, 561–564
hardware
connecting, 9
external hardware effects, 584–586
performance, 22–24
hardware buffer, 22
hardware inserts, 354, 394–395
Hardware Setup dialog box, 24–26, 497
head beeps, 507
head leaders, 488
headphones, 581–582
height, 345
Hi Frequency Cut filter, 393
Hold button, 106
Horizontal Zoom buttons, 228
I
image editing software. See picture editing software
iMovie software, 510
Import Audio dialog box, 166–168
Import Session Data dialog box, 171–174, 517
Import Settings button, 71
importing
AAF sequences, 516–518
ACID files, 210
audio, 165–174
audio tracks, 165–174, 180–181
CD tracks, 180–181
from DigiBase browser, 165, 168–169, 208–210, 456
digital video, 510–511
with DigiTranslator, 516–518
file formats, 165
I/O Settings files, 77
markers, 173
MIDI files to sessions, 455–456
OMF sequences, 516–518
region group files, 210
REX files, 210
sample rates and, 170
session data, 171–174
indexing, 200
Input Only Monitoring mode, 126
inputs
assigning to audio tracks, 92, 352
assigning to auxiliary inputs, 352
enabling for MIDI, 439–440
inserts, 354–355
deactivating, 395
described, 605
duplicating, 371
line, 368
moving, 371
installing Pro Tools LE software, 10
installing system hardware, 9
instrument track channel strip, 432
instrument track channel strips, 31, 36
instrument tracks. See also MIDI tracks
adding to sessions, 438
choosing MIDI input for, 440
displaying, 433
setting up, 438
interleaved stereo files, 170, 605
Inverse Panner Linking button, 360
I/O (input/output), 605
I/O Setup dialog box, 21, 71–77, 586
I/O setups
creating, 71–77
defining new paths, 73
described, 21
initializing, 77
mapping channels, 74
I/O View, 50
K
key inputs, 386
keyboard
editing with, 378
selecting regions with, 240
toggling online status with, 501
keyboard workstation, 429, 605
keypad mode, 256
L
Latch Record-Enable Buttons checkbox, 121
latched tracks, 108–109
legacy systems, 5
Length indicator, 139
Lightpipe external digital devices, 25
Limiter plug-in, 384
limiting effects, 424
Linear/Longitudinal Time Code. See LTC
line-level, 606
Link Selection button, 119, 259
linking
Edit/Timeline selections, 259
Edit/Track selections, 260
Track selections, 260
links
audio files, 162–163, 184, 199, 211–215
committing, 215
curves, 328
playback faders, 126
record faders, 126
stereo pans, 360
Location indicators, 57
location recorders, 519
locking regions, 305
Loop Playback mode, 155, 450–452
Loop Record mode, 118–119, 148, 450, 451–452
Loop Trim tool, 321–322
looping auditioning files, 205
loop-recording, 118–119, 148, 450–452
loops
Backwards/Forwards, 543–544
crossfades between, 318
effects. See effects loops
playback, 155
Low Pass filter, 393
LTC (Linear/Longitudinal Time Code), 492
LTC-to-MTC converter, 492, 494–495, 520
LTC-to-word clock converter, 494
M
Mac OS–based systems
audio file formats, 26
connecting Pro Tools LE hardware, 9
cross-platform sessions, 70
custom session templates, 78–79
installing Pro Tools LE software, 10
MIDI setup in, 435
quitting sessions, 70
system requirements, 6–7
Main Timebase Ruler, 247
Marker property, 248
markers
color, 105–106
deleting, 256
Edit, 259
extending selections to, 265
importing, 173
moving, 250
names, 250
syncing audio/video, 509
Markers ruler, 245
master fader channel strips, 31, 37
master faders, 16, 37, 88, 350–353, 606
Master Link button, 369
M-Audio devices, 3
Mbox 2/Mbox 2 Pro systems
connecting audio sources to, 577–580
connecting hardware, 9
connecting MIDI devices to, 583
connecting monitor speakers to, 582
connecting studio equipment to, 566–568
CPU power, 552
described, 5
input levels, 124–125
running on Mac OS X, 6–7
running on Windows XP, 9
setting clock source, 497
zero latency monitoring, 130
Mbox systems
back panel, 575
basic studio setup, 567–568
connecting audio sources to, 574–576
connecting hardware, 9
connecting monitor speakers to, 582
connecting studio equipment to, 566–568
CPU power, 552
described, 5
external hardware effects, 585–586
front panel, 574
input levels, 124–125
running on Mac OS X, 6–7
running on Windows XP, 9
setting clock source, 497
zero latency monitoring, 130
memory locations, 53, 248–256, 606
metadata, 184, 188–189, 200, 606
Meter Change window, 135–136
Meter Path selector, 71–72
meter setting, 135–136
meter tracks, 173–174
Meter View box, 359
Metronome Click button, 134
microphones, 121–123, 142, 346
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), 425–480
channel assignments, 34
Click plug-in, 134–136
editing, 459–480
loop-recording, 450–452
Mac setup, 435
Mirrored MIDI Editing feature, 464
operations, 473–475
patch assignments, 34
performance, 465
playlists, 465
preferences, 599–600
Pro Tools and, 431–434
punch-recording, 448–449
Real-Time Properties, 476–477
recording, 444–452
selecting inputs, 439–440
sending out of Pro Tools, 441
sending to MIDI device, 441
Standard MIDI File, 455–456
sysex data, 453–454
terminology, 428–429
uses for, 428
viewing data, 462–463
vs. audio, 430
Windows setup, 436
MIDI cables, 606
MIDI Continuous Controllers (CCs), 471–473
MIDI Controls view, 140
MIDI converters, 492
MIDI devices, 439–440
connecting, 583
monitoring audio output, 442
sending MIDI to, 441
silencing, 445
sysex data and, 453–454
MIDI events, 434, 453, 478–480
MIDI files
DigiBase and, 187
exporting from Pro Tools, 457
importing to sessions, 455–456
Region Group files, 19
working with, 455–457
MIDI Machine Control (MMC), 502
MIDI Merge feature, 448–449, 452
MIDI regions, 59
MIDI Regions list, 452, 456, 606
MIDI track channel strips, 31, 34, 431
MIDI tracks. See also instrument tracks
adding MIDI regions, 460–461
adding to sessions, 437
choosing MIDI input for, 440
multiple, 446–447
punch-recording, 448–449
record-enabling, 120
recording, 444–452
Record-Ready mode, 40
setting up, 437
viewing, 462–463
vs. audio tracks, 430
zooming, 53
MIDI velocity, 469–470, 476–477
Minimum Strip Duration slider, 335
Minutes:Seconds format, 247
Minutes:Seconds ruler, 245–246
Mirrored MIDI Editing feature, 464
Missing Files warning, 162–163
Mix Groups list, 47–48
Mix window, 30–48
audio track channel strips, 31–33
audio tracks in, 15
auxiliary input channel strips, 35
auxiliary tracks in, 16
Inserts view, 45
instrument tracks in, 15
master fader channel strips, 37
master fader tracks in, 16
MIDI track channel strips, 34
MIDI tracks in, 15
Mix Groups list, 47–48
opening, 31
Sends view, 44
Track Comments view, 46
track controls, 40–43
Mix Window View selector, 38
mixer, 442
mixer strip, 20
mixes
automating, 399–415
bounced, 418–423
effects. See effects
equalization, 380–382
key inputs, 387–388
plug-ins. See plug-ins
reverb, 391–393
stereo. See stereo mixes
submixes. See submixes
mixing. See also stereo mixes
assigning inputs/outputs, 352–353
assigning sends, 356–357
audio signal flow, 349–351
audio tracks and, 349–350
auxiliary inputs and, 349–350
basics of, 341–363
bouncing to disk, 418–423
creating width, 343
described, 341
final mixdown, 417–423, 550, 606
input selectors, 352
inserts, 354–355
master faders, 350–353
monitoring mixes, 348
output selectors, 352–353
Output windows, 358–360
preferences, 595–596
process for, 347
submixes, 361–363
for video, 549–550
mixing groups, 47–48
Mod Delay plug-in, 390
monitor latency, 128–130
monitor speakers, 6–7, 9, 581–582
mono compatibility, 346
Mono (summed) format, 421
mono sound effects, 539
movie tracks, 88
movies, 510–513. See also QuickTime movies
MP4 format, 165
M-Powered software, 3, 84, 109
MTC (MIDI Time Code), 492
MTC Reader, 496
multi-channel plug-ins, 370
multi-mono plug-ins, 370
Multiple mono format, 421
multiprocessor computers, 558
Musical Instrument Digital Interface. See MIDI
MXF Audio, 165
N
Narrow Mix window, 102
New command, 89
New Track command, 41
New Tracks dialog box, 89–90
NLE (non-linear editing) system, 485, 515–516
noise shaping, 424
non-destructive commands, 222
non-destructive editing, 222, 271, 606
Non-destructive Record mode, 118–119, 143–144
None button, 106
non-linear editing (NLE) system, 485, 515–516
note velocity, 469–470
Notes view, 463
nudges, 58, 264, 294–295, 490, 538
Numeric Keypad Mode, 256
O
Object Grabber tool, 56
Off mode, 400
OMF (Open Media Framework), 485–487, 514
OMFI files, 514–523
omni-directional microphones, 121, 607
Online button, 138
Open Media Framework. See OMF
operation preferences, 591–592
optical cables, 573
optical connectors, 607
Optical S/PDIF external digital devices, 25
optimizing performance, 551–564
output selectors, 40, 352–353, 359, 607
outputs
assigning to audio tracks, 92, 352
assigning to auxiliary inputs, 352
assigning to master faders, 353
making inactive, 353
vs. sends, 363
overtones, 85
P
PAL video, 500
Pan indicator, 40
Pan slider, 40
Panner Linking button, 359, 360
panning tracks, 343
pass filters, 382
Paste commands, 296, 299–300, 412–414
pasting items, 296–297, 299, 410
patch changes, 478–480
Path Format selector, 71–72
Path Name column, 71–72
Path selector, 359
paths, 21, 71–74, 84, 606, 608
PCI cards, 4
peak filters, 382
Peak Hold setting, 42
peak playback level, 41
Pencil tool, 54–55
drawing automation, 404
editing CC data, 471–473
editing velocity, 470
repairing waveforms with, 334
performance
active paths and, 75
hardware, 22–24
making items inactive, 115, 351, 556
memory and, 551
MIDI, 465
optimizing, 551–564
plug-ins and, 558–560
Performance volumes, 162, 196, 607
phase shifting, 389
phasing, 507
picon (picture-icon), 88
picture editing software
AFF files, 514–523
exporting from, 514–519
getting sound into Pro Tools, 485–486
OMFI files, 514–523
recording audio from DAT, 520–522
reloading from original recordings, 519
synchronizing effects, 546–547
syncing takes to guide track, 523
picture editor personnel, 484
Pitch Shift effects, 379
pixel doubling, 513
playback
beginning, 138
DAE, 23–24
direction, 139
inserting plug-ins during, 370
looping, 155
page scroll during, 557
priority, 114
speed, 139
suspending, 402
playback editing, 222
Playback Engine dialog box, 129, 552–554
playback faders, 126
Playback markers, 258, 263, 269
playing
audio tracks, 153–157
movies, 512–513
video tracks, 501–502
playlists
assigning, 234
auditioning, 151
automation, 234, 404–405, 411, 603
deleting, 234
duplicating, 233
editing, 245
MIDI, 465
multiple, 19
record range, 119
recording audio to, 151
renaming, 234
working with, 233–234
plug-in windows, 373–376
plug-ins
AudioSuite. See AudioSuite plug-ins
automating, 407–408
bypassing, 377
Click, 134–136
Compressor, 383
CPU-intensive, 559
default control values, 378
Dither, 424
Effects Plug-in window, 45
Expander-Gate, 385
formats, 369
Gate, 384
inserting during playback, 370
inserting on tracks, 354, 368–371
key input filters, 386
Limiter, 384
Mod Delay, 390
multi-channel, 370
multi-mono, 369–370
real-time, 378
reverb, 392
RTAS. See RTAS plug-ins
using efficiently, 558–560
VocALign, 489
Plug-ins menu, 372
polarity patterns, 121
post-fader sends, 356
pre-delay, 392
pre-fader sends, 356
preferences, 587–601
premixing, 549–550
print mastering, 550
Pro Tools HD systems, 4, 84, 379
Pro Tools LE
capabilities, 4
configuring, 22–27
connecting hardware, 9
earlier versions of, 70, 81–83
installing software, 10
legacy systems, 5
MIDI and, 431–434
preferences, 587–601
quitting, 70
running on Mac OS X, 6–7
running on Windows XP, 7–9
setting up, 3–10
sharing sessions with HD/M-Powered systems, 84
system requirements, 6–9
toggling online status of, 138, 501
using as master/slave, 501–502
Pro Tools M-Powered systems, 3, 84, 109
Pro Tools sessions. See sessions
problems. See troubleshooting
processing preferences, 597–598
Project browsers, 185, 194, 198–199
.ptf files. See session files
pull factor, 496
Pull Up/Down settings, 488, 496, 500
punch-in/punch-out points, 138
punch-recording, 144–147, 448–449, 607. See also recording
Q
Q parameter, 607
QuickPunch mode, 118–119, 146–147
QuickTime format, 165, 421, 510
QuickTime movies, 88, 510–513. See also movies
quitting Pro Tools, 70
R
RAM. See memory
Read mode, 400
RealAudio files, 165
Real-Time AudioSuite. See RTAS
real-time DSP plug-ins, 396
record faders, 126
record modes, 118–119
Record-Enable button, 40, 43, 120, 139, 441
record-enabling tracks, 120–121
recording
ADAT input, 152
audio input levels, 124–126
audio tracks, 141
auditioning takes, 149–150
canceling takes, 142
with Click plug-in, 134–136
clipping, 124
cloning recordings, 519
Destructive Record mode, 118–119, 143, 145
from digital sources, 152
feedback loops, 142
at half-speed, 143
hard drive allocation, 131–132
latency during, 128–130
limiting allocation, 133
loop-recording, 118,–119, 148, 450–452
microphones. See microphones
MIDI, 444–452
modes, 118–119
monitor latency, 128–130
monitoring audio, 126–129
non-destructive mode, 118–119, 143–144
to playlists, 151
plug-ins and, 370
preparing for, 117–136
punch-recording. See punch-recording
record-enabling tracks, 120–121
sysex data into Pro Tools, 453–454
with time code sync, 520–522
Transport window, 138–140
video. See video
Record-Ready mode, 138, 139, 141
redo operations, 241–242
Region End Pad slider, 335
Region Group (.rgrp) file format, 19, 27, 193, 315
region group (.rgrp) files, 19, 27, 210, 224
region groups
creating, 314–315
editing, 316–317
fades/crossfades, 317
importing, 210
new sessions, 64
in Regions list, 59
regrouping, 316
trimming regions in, 317
Region Groups folder, 64
region loops, 318–322
region number, 91
Region Start Pad slider, 335
regions
aligning, 283–284
boundary overlap/underlap, 293
capturing, 272
changing breakpoint values in, 410
color, 105–106
compressing, 288–289
consolidating, 555
copying, 296–300
edits and, 222
expanding, 288–289
exporting as audio files, 175–176
fades. See fades
filling gaps between, 292
finding, 238
hiding, 310
length of, 18
locking/unlocking, 305
managing, 307–311
moving, 54–55, 243–244, 282, 298
muting/unmuting, 306
naming/renaming, 91, 227, 272, 307–309, 336
overview, 223–224
padding, 177
placing in tracks, 276–277, 282
placing sync points in, 286
quantizing, 304
ranges of, 239
rearranging, 243
removing from Regions list, 240
removing from sessions, 177
removing from tracks, 296
repeating, 302
restoring, 275
scrubbing, 55
selecting, 239–240, 261–262, 265–266
separating, 273–275
shifting, 303
shuffling, 279
sliding, 278–282
slipping, 278
sorting, 237
spotting, 280
stereo, 224
stripping silence from, 335–336
sync points, 285–286
synchronizing, 243
for takes, 149–150
trimming, 54, 287–292, 317, 540
types of, 223–224
user-defined, 224
viewing, 225–232
whole-file, 223
working with, 271–311
Regions list
audio files in, 13
auditioning takes, 149
exporting regions, 175–176
finding regions, 238
imported files, 168–169
importing audio files into, 208
offline regions, 164
renaming regions in, 308
selecting regions, 239–240
sorting regions, 237
using, 235–240
viewing, 59
Regions view, 462
Relink window, 163, 186, 212–213
Render Sources folder, 198
Restore Performance function, 465
Return to Zero button, 138, 141
Revert to Saved command, 67
.rgrp file format. See Region Group file format
room miking, 123
room tone, 526
RTAS (Real-Time AudioSuite), 22
RTAS Compressor plug-in window, 373–376
RTAS plug-ins
buffer sizes, 22
CPU usage limit, 398
dynamic effects, 383–385
included with Pro Tools LE, 379
offline regions and, 164
performance and, 366–367
settings for, 27
switching to AudioSuite plug-ins, 559
TDM and, 84
vs. AudioSuite plug-ins, 559–560
rulers, 245–246
Bars:Beat, 245
deleting, 246
Feet.Frames, 490–491
Markers ruler, 245
Minutes:Seconds, 245–246
Samples, 245
Time Code, 490–491
Timebase, 245
timeline, 609
track, 245–246
S
sample rates
changing, 24
choosing, 24
converting bounced files to, 422–423
default, 24
using lower sample rates, 564
for video, 487–489
word clock, 496
Samples format, 247
Samples ruler, 245
SATA drive, 8
Save As command, 68
Save command, 67
Save Copy In command, 68–70, 108, 182
Save Session As dialog box, 68
saving items
in earlier formats, 70
I/O Settings files, 76
sessions, 67–70
Scrubber tool, 54–55, 156–157, 538
scrubbing
audio regions, 55
described, 608
identifying hit points, 539
scene boundaries, 538
SCSI drive, 8
search feature
history, 238
regions, 238
Transfer files, 164
selection indicators, 267
Selection memory location, 248, 251
Selection property, 248
selections, 258–269
changing length, 263
cutting, 296
described, 258
editing waveforms, 261–262
end points, 264
linking/unlinking, 259–260
looped regions, 320
looping playback, 155
nudging, 264
regions, 239–240, 261–262, 265–266
start points, 264
stored with memory locations, 252
time ranges, 262
Track, 260
track regions, 262
trimming, 289–292
send level meters, 357
send mute automation, 406
send pan automation, 406
Send selector, 359
send volume automation, 406
sends
assigning, 356–357
automating, 406
buses and, 94
in earlier versions of Pro Tools, 109
vs. outputs, 363
Sends Output window, 44, 356, 360
Separate Region command, 273
Separation Grabber tool, 55–56, 274–275
session (.ptf) files
Pro Tools versions and, 81–83
Session Start time, 491, 498–499
session templates, 78–79
sessions, 63–85
adding instrument tracks to, 438
adding MIDI tracks to, 437
audio file format, 65
audio tracks, 14–15
backups, 67
bouncing, 418–420
channels, 20
closing, 70
copies of, 68–70
creating, 64–65
deleting tracks from, 99
frame rates, 500
importing audio files/regions into, 167–169
importing MIDI files to, 455–456
I/O setup, 21
managing groups in, 111
MIDI tracks, 14
new, 64–70
overview, 12–21
playlists, 19
ProTools versions, 81–83
QuickPunch and, 147
recording from DAT/ADAT into, 152
regions, 18
removing audio regions from, 177
renaming copies, 68
reverting to previous versions, 68, 108
saving, 67–70
setting Pull Up/Down for, 500
sharing between ProTools systems, 84
showing groups in, 47
Sound Designer II, 65
starting point, 138
time format, 247
waveforms, 17–18
shelf filters, 382
Shift command, 303
Shuffle mode, 52, 243, 276, 279, 337
shuffling regions, 279
side-chain processing, 386, 608
signal paths, 21, 71, 608. See also I/O setups
slapback, 389
Slip mode, 52, 243–244, 276, 278, 337
slipping regions, 278
SMF (Standard MIDI File), 14, 455–456
snapping regions, 243–244, 276, 281
software plug-in inserts, 354
Solo Latch buttons, 109
Solo Safe mode, 43
soloing tracks, 40
song sequencing, 424
Song Start Marker, 135
sound. See audio
Sound Designer I (SDI), 26, 165
Sound Designer II (SDII), 26, 65, 165, 421
sound editors, 484
sound effects. See effects
Sound Resource files, 421
source media, 171–172
spaced pair miking, 123
S/PDIF input format, 25–26
SPDIF/RCA external digital devices, 25–26
Special Edit commands, 299–300, 412–413
splice points, 608
split stereo files, 170
splitting tracks, 526–527
spot miking, 123
Spot mode, 52, 243, 276, 280, 289
spotting audio files, 209
spotting movies, 511
spotting regions, 280
Standard MIDI File (SMF), 14, 455–456
Standard Trimmer tool, 56
Start indicator, 139
stationery pad, 78–79
stems, 550
stereo files, 170
Stereo interleaved format, 421
stereo microphones, 123
stereo miking, 123
stereo mixes, 342–348. See also mixing
stereo pans, 360
stereo sound effects, 539
Stop button, 138
Strip Silence command, 335–336
Strip Silence window, 335–336
Strip Threshold slider, 335
studio equipment, 565–586
Sub Time Scale, 57
submixes, 361–363
bouncing to disk, 363
.swmv extension, 421
sync beeps, 507
sync points, 285–286
synchronization, 243, 601. See also audio/video synchronization
system clock, 496
system requirements, 6–9
System Usage window, 367, 552–557
T
Tab to Transients, 268, 317, 322
tail beeps, 507
tail leaders, 488
take number, 91
takes
auditioning, 149–150
choosing regions, 149–150
synchronizing to guide track, 523
Target button, 359
tasks, managing, 216–218
TCE (Time Compression/Expansion) Trim tool, 287–289, 322
tempo tracks, 173–174
Thin Automation command, 415
time code
digital video, 487
drop outs, 500
moving insertion point, 502
moving selections, 502
recording from DAT, 520–522
Session Start, 498–499
spotting movies to, 511
synchronizing to, 492
time code numbers, 490
Time Code ruler, 490–491
Time Compression/Expansion effects, 379
Time Compression/Expansion (TCE) Trim tool, 287–289, 322
time ranges, 262
time stamps, 149–150, 227, 243
Time Trimmer tool, 56
Timebase rulers, 245
Timebase selector, 51
Time-Division multiplexing. See TDM
timeline ruler, 609
timeline selections, 258–259, 269, 609
timing errors, 508
tip-ring-sleeve (TRS), 584, 609
tip-sleeve (TS), 609
tools
Edit tools, 54–56
path tools, 72
Pencil. See Pencil tool
Separation Grabber, 55–56, 274–275
Standard Trim, 287–288
Standard Trimmer, 56
Time Trimmer, 56
Trimmer, 287–289
track automation, 40
Track Comments view, 46
track controls
Mix window, 40–43
muting tracks, 108
Safe mode, 43
soloing tracks, 108
using, 107–109
track display, 226
Track list, 169
Track Name display, 40–41
Track Number command, 95
track path assignments, 75
track rulers, 245–246
Track Show/Hide property, 249
Track Type indicator, 115
tracks, 87–115. See also audio tracks
adding comments, 91
aligning regions on, 283–284
aligning sync points on, 286
appending material to, 143
assigning hardware inserts to, 395
assigning playlists to, 234
assigning sends to, 356
auxiliary inputs. See auxiliary inputs
balance, 40
comments, 46
controls. See track controls
copying, 98
creating, 89–90
default output assignments, 72
deleting, 99
deleting automation data in, 411
deleting playlist, 234
dialog. See dialog tracks
direction, 139
duplicating, 98
duplicating playlists from, 233
effects, 539
enabling automation writing on, 401
expanded display of, 226
grouping, 110–113
importing audio files into, 208, 209
input/output assignments, 50
inserting, 98
inserting plug-ins on, 354, 368–371, 370
inserting silence into, 337
latched, 108–109
making inactive, 115, 351, 556
master faders, 16, 37, 88, 350–353, 606
meter, 173–174
MIDI. See MIDI tracks
movie, 88
multi-channel surround, 84
multiple copies of, 90
naming/renaming, 41–42, 91, 457
navigating, 95
noncontiguous, 101
outputs. See outputs
panning, 343
placing regions in, 276–277
playback priority, 114
playback speed, 139
position numbers, 95
range of, 101
rearranging, 47
record range, 119
record-enabling, 120–121
recording to playlists, 151
removing input assignments, 93
removing regions from, 296
returning to start of, 141
scrubbing, 55
selecting, 54, 96–97, 120, 260
selecting regions in, 262
size, 102
sorting, 47
suspending automation writing on, 401–402
suspending playback on, 402
tempo, 173–174
timing, 51
viewing, 51, 100–101, 225, 300
volume, 40
writing automation on, 403–404
zooming. See zooming
Transfer volumes, 162, 196, 609
transients/transient peaks, 268, 609
transitions, 528
Transport Master, 138
Transport window, 138–140, 501
Trim command, 289–292
Trim Region command, 290–292, 321
Trim to Fill command, 292
Trimmer tool, 287–289
trimming
background sounds, 541
crossfades, 332
looped regions, 321–322
regions, 54, 287–292, 317, 540
selections, 289–292
troubleshooting
clock errors, 508
microphone problems, 346
phasing problems, 346
timing errors, 508
TRS (tip-ring-sleeve), 584, 609
TS (tip-sleeve), 609
Tweak Head setting, 170
U
unbalanced line, 609
Underlap command, 293
USB MIDI interface, 496
V
Vertical Interval Time Code. See VITC
Vertical Zoom buttons, 228
video, 481–500. See also videotape
bit depth, 487–489
checking sync accuracy, 507–509
delivery methods, 486
dialog tracks. See dialog tracks
digital video vs. videotape, 537
DV Toolkit. See DV Toolkit 2
editing dialog, 524–536
editors. See picture editing software
getting sound into Pro Tools, 485–486
guide track, 503–506
head/tail leaders, 488
importing, 510–511
mixing for, 549–550
music in, 549
PAL, 500
preparing to edit sound for, 484–486
recording online, 503–506, 522
sample rates, 487–489
sound effects, 537–548
speed issues, 488
synchronization. See audio/video synchronization
viewing, 512–513
video clock, 493
video decks, 492–496
considerations, 485
editing with, 508–509
as master, 508–509
synchronizing, 492–496
syncing sounds to picture, 508–509
working with, 492–496
video files, 198
Video Files folder, 198
video players, 501–502
video sync generator, 493, 494
video tracks, 501–502, 510. See also tracks
video volumes, 196–197
videotape
digitizing guide tracks from, 503–506
online recording from, 503–506, 522
vs. digital video, 537
View Both Tracks button, 325
View First Track button, 325
View Second Track button, 325
virtual instrument, 429
Virtual Katy’s VK Conformer, 523
VITC (Vertical Interval Time Code), 492, 509
VITC reader, 509
VK Conformer, 523
VocALign plug-in, 489
voice assignments, 114
Voice selector, 40–41
volume
headphones, 581
send volume automation, 406
tracks, 40
Volume browsers, 185, 194, 197
volume input level, 41
Volume/Peak/Delay indicator, 40–41
volumes
audio, 196–197
indexing, 200
mounting/unmounting, 195
removable, 195
video, 196–197
W
WaveCache.wfm files, 64
waveform track views, 225
waveforms
appearance of, 17
automation data and, 405
calculating, 204
editing, 261–262
fades, 325–326
importing audio files, 209
repairing, 334
spotting audio files, 209
transient peaks, 268
zooming, 326
width, 343
windows. See specific windows
Windows-based systems
audio file formats, 26
connecting Pro Tools LE hardware, 9
cross-platform sessions, 70
custom session templates, 80
earlier versions of, 7
installing Pro Tools LE software, 10
MIDI setup in, 436
quitting sessions, 70
system requirements, 7–9
word clock, 493–494, 496–497, 500
Workspace browser, 66, 185, 194–197
workstation, keyboard, 429, 605
X
XLR connection, 609
X-Y pair miking, 123
Z
zero, returning to, 141
zero latency, 130
zoom presets, 53, 230–231, 334
Zoom Settings property, 249
Zoomer tool, 54, 104, 229, 231
zooming
customized views, 103
MIDI tracks, 53
tracks, 53–54, 103–104, 228–232
waveforms, 326