Contents
Chapter 1 Fields, Forces, and Materials for LEMs
1.1 Review of Electromagnetic Field Theory
1.1.1 Poisson, Laplace, and Helmholtz Equations
1.1.4 Resistor, Inductor, and Capacitor
1.2 Forces in Electromagnetic Fields of Primitive LEMs
1.3 Magnetic, Electric, and Insulation Materials for LEMs
1.4 Electric Conductors and Their Skin Effects
1.5 Insulation Materials for LEMs
1.5.1 Piezoelectric and Magnetostriction Effect Materials in LEMs
1.6 Magnetostriction Effect LEMs
Chapter 2 Classifications and Applications of LEMs
2.2 Linear Synchronous Motors for Transportation
2.3 Industrial Usage Linear Synchronous Machines
2.4 Solenoids and Linear Oscillatory Machines
Chapter 3 Linear Induction Motors: Topologies, Fields, Forces, and Powers Including Edge, End, and Skin Effects
3.1 Topologies of Practical Interest
3.2.3 Primary Slot Opening Influence on Equivalent Magnetic Airgap
3.3 Dynamic End-Effect Quasi-One-Dimensional Field Theory
3.3.1 Dynamic End-Effect Waves
3.3.2 Dynamic End-Effect Consequences in a DLIM
3.3.3 Dynamic End Effect in SLIMs
3.4 Summary of Analytical Field Theories of LIMs
3.5 Finite Element Field Analysis of LIMs
3.6 Dynamic End-Effect Compensation
3.6.1 Designing at Optimum Goodness Factor
3.6.2 LIMs in Row and Connected in Series
3.6.3 PM Wheel for End-Effect Compensation
Chapter 4 Linear Induction Motors: Circuit Theories, Transients, and Control
4.1 Low-Speed/High-Speed Divide
4.2 LIM Circuit Models without Dynamic End Effect
4.3 Flat SLIMs with AL-on-Iron Long (Fix) Secondary
4.4 Flat SLIMs with Ladder Secondary
4.5 Tubular SLIM with Ladder Secondary
4.6 Circuit Models of High-Speed (High Goodness Factor) SLIMs
4.7 Low-Speed LIM Transients and Control
4.8.1 Scalar I1 – Sf1 Close-Loop Control
4.8.2 Vector Control of Low-Speed LIMs
4.8.3 Sensorless Direct Thrust and Flux Control of Low-Speed LIMs
4.9 High-Speed LIM Transients and Control
Chapter 5 Design of Flat and Tubular Low-Speed LIMs
5.2 Flat SLIM with Ladder Long Secondary and Short Primary
5.3 Tubular SLIM with Cage Secondary
Chapter 6 Transportation (Medium- and High-Speed) SLIM Design
6.2 Urban SLIM Vehicles (Medium Speeds)
6.3 High-Speed (Interurban) SLIM Vehicles Design
6.4 Optimization Design of SLIM: Urban Vehicles
Chapter 7 DC-Excited Linear Synchronous Motors (DCE-LSM): Steady State, Design, Transients, and Control
7.1 Introduction and Topologies
7.2 DC Exciter (Inductor) Design Guidelines
7.3 Stator (Armature) Core Design
7.4 DCE-LSM Parameters and Performance
7.5 Circuit Model for Transients and Control
7.6 Field-Oriented Control of DCE-LSM
Chapter 8 Superconducting Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors
8.3 Technical Field and Circuit Theory of SM-LSM
8.3.1 Magnetic Field of a Rectangular SM in Air
8.3.2 emf E1, Inductance and Resistance Ls, Rs per Phase
8.3.3 Phasor Diagram, Power Factor, and Efficiency
8.5 SM-LSM with Eight-Shape-Stator Coils
Chapter 9 Homopolar Linear Synchronous Motors (H-LSM): Modeling, Design, and Control
9.1 H-LSM: Construction and Principle Issues
9.2 DC Homopolar Excitation Airgap Flux Density and AC emf E1
9.3 Armature Reaction and Magnetization Synchronous Inductances Ldm and Lqm
9.4 Longitudinal End Effect in H-LSM
9.5 Preliminary Design Methodology by Example
9.5.1 Armature AC Winding Specifics and Phasor Diagram
9.5.2 Primary Core Teeth Saturation Limit
9.5.3 Preliminary Design Expressions
9.6 H-LSM Model for Transients and Control
9.7 Vector Thrust (Propulsion) and Flux (Suspension) Control
Chapter 10 Linear Reluctance Synchronous Motors: Modeling, Performance Design, and Control
10.1 Ldm, Lqm Magnetization Inductances of Continuous Secondary (Standard) L-RSM
10.2 Ldm, Lqm Magnetization Inductances for Segmented Secondary L-RSM
10.3 Ldm, Lqm (Magnetization) Inductances in Multiple Flux Barrier Secondary L-RSM
10.4 Reduction of Thrust Pulsations
10.5 dq (Space Phasor) Model of L-RSM
10.6 Steady-State Characteristics for Vector Control Strategies
10.7 Design Methodology for Low Speed by Example
10.8.1 “Active Flux” Vector Control of L-RSM
10.8.2 Direct Thrust and Normal Force (Levitation) Control
Chapter 11 Linear Switched Reluctance Motors (L-SRM): Modeling, Design, and Control
11.4 Average Thrust and Energy Conversion Ratio
11.6 State Space Equations and Equivalent Circuit
11.7 Small Signal Model of L-SRM
11.8 PWM Converters for L-SRMs
11.9 Design Methodology by Example
11.9.2 Note on Motion-Sensorless Control
Chapter 12 Flat Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
12.1 A Few Practical Topologies
12.2 Multilayer Field Model of Iron-Core F-LPMSMs with Sinusoidal emfs and Currents
12.3 Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) Theory of Iron-Core F-LPMSM
12.4 Analytical Multilayer Field Theory of Air-Core F-LPMSM
12.5 Cogging Force and Longitudinal End Effects
12.5.1 End Effects in 2(4) Pole PM-Secondary F-LPMSMs
12.6 dq Model of F-LPMSM with Sinusoidal emf
12.7 Steady-State Characteristics for Typical Control Strategies
12.7.1 Maximum Thrust per Current Characteristics (Ld=Lq=Ls)
12.7.2 Maximum Thrust/Flux (Ld=Lq=Ls)
12.8.1 Field Oriented Control (FOC)
12.8.2 Direct Thrust and Flux (Levitation) Control (DTFC) of F-LPMSMs
12.9 Design Methodology of L-PMSM by Example
12.9.3 Circuit Parameters and Vector Diagram
12.9.4 Number of Turns per Coil W, and Wire Gauge dCo
12.9.5 Efficiency, Power Factor, and Voltage at Base Thrust
12.9.8 Note on F-LPMSM as Three-Phase Generators
Chapter 13 Tubular Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
13.1 A Few Practical Topologies
13.2 Fractionary (q ≤ 1) Three-Phase AC Winding
13.3 Technical Field Theory of T-LPMSM
13.4 Circuit dq Model of T-LPMSM
13.5 Advanced Analytical Field Theories of T-LPMSMs
13.7.2 Direct Thrust and Flux Control
13.8.1 Design of Magnetic Circuit
13.8.2 Airgap Flux Density BgSPM
13.8.3 Slot mmf for Peak Thrust
13.8.5 Number of Turns per Coil nc (All Four Circular Shape Coils per Phase in Series)
13.8.6 Copper Losses and Efficiency
13.9 Generator Design Methodology
13.9.1 Generator Control Design Aspects
Chapter 14 Multi-Pole Coil Three- or Two-Phase Linear PM Reluctance Motors
14.1.2 “Flux-Reversal” Configuration
14.1.3 “Flux-Switching” Linear PM Reluctance Motors
14.1.4 Flux-Reversal PM-Secondary Linear Reluctance Motors
14.1.5 Transverse-Flux Linear PM Reluctance Motors
14.2 Technical Theory of Flux-Reversal IPM-Primary LPMRM
14.3 Numerical Example 14.1: FR-LPMRM Design
14.4 Transverse-Flux LPMRM Technical Theory
14.6 Example 14.3: TF-LPMRG Energy Converter
Chapter 15 Plunger Solenoids and Their Control
15.4 Eddy Currents and Magnetic Saturation
15.5 Dynamic Nonlinear Magnetic and Electric Circuit Model
15.6 PM-Less Solenoid Design and Control
15.6.2 FEM Direct Geometric Optimization Design
15.7.2 PM-Assisted Solenoid Power Breaker
15.8 Case Study: PM Twin-Coil Valve Actuators
15.8.3 Direct Geometrical FEM Optimization Design
15.8.4 FEM-Assisted Circuit Model and Open-Loop Dynamics
15.8.5 FEM-Assisted Position Estimator
15.8.6 Close-Loop Position Sensor and Sensorless Control
Chapter 16 Linear DC PM Brushless Motors
16.3 Principle and Analytical Modeling
16.4 Geometrical Optimization Design by FEM
16.5 Air-Core Configuration Design Aspects
16.6 Design for Given Dynamics Specifications
16.7 Close-Loop Position Control for a Digital Video Camera Focuser
Chapter 17 Resonant Linear Oscillatory Single-Phase PM Motors/Generators
17.2.1 Four-Coil-Mover LOM: Modeling and Design by Example
17.2.1.1 Airgap: PM Flux Density
17.2.1.3 Core Sizing and Core Losses
17.2.1.5 The Number of Turns per Coil nc
17.2.2 Integrated Microspeakers and Receivers
17.3.1 Tubular Homopolar LOM(G)
17.3.2 25 W, 270 Hz, Tubular Multi-PM-Mover Multi-Coil LOM: Analysis by Example
17.3.2.1 General Design Aspects
17.3.2.2 Optimization Methodology by Example
17.3.2.4 Simplified Linear Circuit Model for Steady State and Transients
17.3.2.5 Nonlinear Circuit Model and MATLAB® Code with Digital Simulation Results
17.3.3 Double-Sided Flat PM-Mover LOM
17.3.3.1 State-Space Model of the Linear Machine
17.3.3.4 Parameters Estimation
17.3.3.5 Further Performance Improvements
17.4 Iron-Mover Stator PM LOMs
17.5 Linear Oscillatory Generator Control
Chapter 18 Multiaxis Linear PM Motor Drives
18.1 Large x–y (Planar) Motion PM Drive Topologies
18.2 Modeling of Large Travel Planar Linear PM Drives with Rectangular AC Coils
18.3 Planar Linear PM Motor Micron Positioning Control for Millimeter Range Travel
18.4 Six DOF Control of a MAGLEV Stage
18.5 Multiaxis Nanometer-Positioning MAGLEV Stage
Chapter 19 Attraction Force (Electromagnetic) Levitation Systems
19.2 Simplified Analytical Model
19.3 Analytical Modeling of Longitudinal End Effect
19.4 Preliminary Design Methodology
19.5 Dynamic Modeling of ALS Control
19.6 State Feedback Control of ALS
19.7 Control System Performance Assessment
19.8 Control Performance Example
19.9 Vehicle Lifting at Standstill
19.10 Robust Control Systems for ALSs
19.11 Zero Power Sliding Mode Control for PM-Assisted ALSs
Chapter 20 Repulsive Force Levitation Systems
20.1 Superconducting Coil RFLS: Competitive Technologies
20.2 Sheet Secondary (Track) Normal-Flux RFLS
20.3 Normal-Flux Ladder Secondary RFLS
20.6 Damping RFLS Oscillations
20.6.2 AED Response to Guideway Irregularities
20.8 Coil-PM Repulsive Force Levitation System
20.9 PM-PM Repulsive Force Levitation System
Chapter 21 Active Guideway MAGLEVs
21.2 DC-Excited Iron-Core LSM MAGLEV Vehicles (Transrapid)
21.4 Iron-Core Active Guideway Urban PM-LSM MAGLEVs
21.5 Active Guideway Multimover Doubly Fed LIM MAGLEV Industrial Platforms
Chapter 22 Passive Guideway MAGLEVs
22.2.1 Potential, Improved LIM-MAGLEV Concepts
22.4 Potential Improvements on Magnibus System
22.5 Transverse-Flux PM-LSM MAGLEVs
22.6 DC-Polarized L-SRM MAGLEVs
22.7 Multiphase (True Brushless) Linear Reluctance Machine MAGLEVs