Chapter 12. Steady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design—Flow Reactors with Heat Exchange

Research is to see what everybody else sees, and to think what nobody else has thought.

—Albert Szent-Gyorgyi

Overview.

This chapter focuses on chemical reactors with heat exchange. The chapter topics are arranged in the following manner:

• Section 12.1 further develops the energy balance for easy application to PFRs and PBRs.

• Section 12.2 describes PFRs and PBRs for four types of heat exchanger operations.

  1. Constant heat transfer fluid temperature, Ta
  2. Variable fluid temperature Ta with co-current operation
  3. Variable fluid temperature Ta with counter current operation
  4. Adiabatic operation

• Section 12.3 describes the algorithm for designing a PFR/PBR with heat effects.

• Section 12.4 applies the energy balance to a CSTR

• Section 12.5 shows how a CSTR can operate at different steady state temperatures and conversions and how to decide which of these conditions are stable and which are unstable.

• Section 12.6 describes one of the most important topics of the entire text, multiple reactions with heat effects, which is unique to this textbook.

The Professional Reference Shelf on the DVD-ROM describes a typical nonisothermal industrial reactor and reaction, the SO2 oxidation, and gives many practical details.

12.1 Steady-State Tubular Reactor with Heat Exchange

In this section, we consider a tubular reactor in which heat is either added or removed through the cylindrical walls of the reactor (Figure 12-1). In modeling the reactor, we shall assume that there are no radial gradients in the reactor1 and that the heat flux through the wall per unit volume of reactor is as shown in Figure 12-1.

Figure 12-1. Tubular reactor with heat gain or loss.

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