INDEX
1.5 Gbps SATA drives, 236
2-in-1 laptops, 804
2.1 speaker systems, 330
2.4-GHz band, 701
3-2-1 backup rule, 480
3-D printers
components, 928
installing, 928
operation, 927–928
troubleshooting, 962
3 Gbps SATA drives, 236
4-second delays in power supplies, 209
4G technology, 733
5-GHz band, 701
5G technology, 734
5.1 speaker systems, 330
6/8-pin power connectors, 211–212
6 Gbps SATA drives, 236
6-GHz band, 702
10BASE-T Ethernet, 628
10GBASE-T Ethernet, 628
20-to-24-pin motherboard adapters, 211–212
62.5/125 multimode fiber optic cable, 631
64-bit processing CPUs, 76–77
80 Plus program, 214
100BASE-TX Ethernet, 628
110-punchdown blocks, 638
1000BASE-T Ethernet, 628
■ A
A and AAAA (address) records, 657
A1 SD card class, 335
A2 SD card class, 335
AAA (authentication, authorization, and accounting), 711–712
AAC (Advanced Audio Encoding), 330
AC. See alternating current (AC)
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) interface, 589
accelerometers, 852
acceptable use policies (AUPs), 1030
access
authentication. See authentication
cloud, 793–794
Internet, 752–757
levels, 435
mobile applications, 907
printers, 950–951
Registry, 378
remote. See remote access
shared folders, 672–674
unauthorized, 976–977
access control lists (ACLs)
description, 990
NTFS, 269
access control vestibules, 977, 983
Access Denied messages from malware, 997
Accessibility preferences pane, 415
accessories for mobile devices, 871–872
accidental touches with mobile devices, 883
Account Lockout Threshold policy, 993
Account Policies container, 448
accounts. See users and user accounts
Accounts app, 430–431
Accounts screen on iPhone, 863–864
ACLs (access control lists)
description, 990
NTFS, 269
Acronis True Image program, 359
Action Center for malware, 998
action plans for problem resolution, 17
actions
documenting, 18–19
Task Scheduler, 463
activation
cameras and microphones, unauthorized, 909
DRM requirements for, 1044
viruses, 994
Windows installation, 366
active cooling for CPUs, 87
Active Directory
administration, 677–679
computer installation in, 364
domains, 675–677
group policies, 992
home folders, 679
Active Directory Users and Computers utility, 676–679
active listening, 5
active matrix LCD monitors, 582
active matrix OLED (AMOLED) devices, 846
active partitions, 258
active power factor correction (active PFC), 212–213
activity lights on NICs, 666
actors, threat, 974
ad blockers, 745
adapters
AC supply, 201–202
cable, 586–587
display. See display adapters
Molex connectors, 209
USB, 812–813
adaptive sync for monitors, 611–612
Add Counters dialog box, 405
Add Hardware Wizard, 180
add-on video display features, 587–588
Add Printer Wizard, 942–944
address bus
chipsets, 129–130
description, 129
memory, 68–72
patterns, 70–72
address records (A and AAAA), 657
address spaces in CPUs, 70
addresses
e-mail, 749–750
IP. See IP addresses
MAC. See media access control (MAC) addresses
ADFs (automatic document feeders)
description, 934
scanners, 930
adjustments for video displays, 587
administrative access threats, 979
administrative shares, 444
Administrative Tools
applets, 391–392
Certificate Manager, 408
disk management, 276
Event Viewer, 406
firewalls, 1010–1011
functions, 49
partitions, 261
Performance Monitor, 403
Print Management, 946
Resource Monitor, 400
security policies, 447
services, 564
shared folders, 444
administrator passwords, 139, 450, 453
Administrators group, 426, 429
ADSL (asymmetric DSL), 731
Advanced Attributes dialog box, 445
Advanced Audio Encoding (AAC), 330
Advanced display option, 596, 600
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), 700
Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI)
enabling, 248
hard drives, 238
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) CPUs, 73
advanced packaging tool (APT), 526–527
Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) processors, 72, 856
Advanced Sharing dialog box for folder sharing, 671–672
Advanced tabs
duplex settings, 665
Internet Options, 749
performance options, 476
print spoolers, 951
system setup, 139–140
Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) standards, 234–235
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), 700
AFC (Automated Frequency Coordination), 702
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) interface, 589
AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface)
enabling, 248
hard drives, 238
Ai Tweaker tab, 139–140
air filter masks, 13
airborne particle protection, 1040
AirDrop utility, 415
airflows in power supplies, 217
airplane mode
mobile devices, 854
portable devices, 817
AirPlay feature, 857
AirPrint feature, 943
alarm systems, 984
alerts from malware, 997
all-in-one devices. See printers and multifunction devices
allocation units, 295
Allow this device to wake the computer option, 666
alternating current (AC)
adapters, 201–202
description, 199
grounding, 203
protecting, 203–206
spikes and sags, 203–204
supplying, 199–206
testing, 200–203
UPSs, 204–206
ALUs (arithmetic logic units) in CPUs, 72, 79
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
IaaS, 790–791
rapid elasticity, 795
AMBER Alerts, 853
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.) CPUs, 73
AMD Memory Profile (AMP), 108
AMD Overdrive Utility, 90
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards
labeling, 639
patch cables, 639
UTP, 629–630
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) language, 929
AMOLED (active matrix OLED) devices, 846
AMP (AMD Memory Profile), 108
amperage, 198
amplitude of sound, 328–329
analog sound, 328–329
Android operating system
apps, 859–860
expansion options, 857
mobile devices, 851
Android packages (APKs), 908
ANSI. See American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards
answers, obtaining, in effective communication, 6–7
antennas
802.11n, 702–703
LCD frames, 807
wireless networks, 704–705
WISP, 733
anti-malware programs
boot media, 1002
mobile applications, 903–904
mobile devices, 897–898
rogue, 997
working with, 998–1000
anti-phishing training, 1001
antistatic bags, 10
antistatic tools, 9–11
antistatic wrist straps, 174
antivirus programs
mobile devices, 897–898
techniques, 999–1000
Apache HTTP Server, 623
APFS (Apple File System), 272
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing), 664
APKs (Android packages), 908
App history tab in Task Manager, 396
app scanners, 903–904
App Store
apps in, 858–859
iOS operating system, 850
macOS software installation, 471
appearance, professional, 1
Apple Business Manager, 415
Apple File System (APFS), 272
Apple ID accounts, 415–416, 859
Apple Keynote program, 857
Apple mobile device expansion options, 856–857
Apple Pay system, 854
Apple Pencil, 850
applets, Control Panel. See Control Panel
appliances
backup, 487
Application events in Windows Logs, 406
Application Performance Class SD card ratings, 335
application protocols
functions and ports, 741
Internet, 739–741
applications
encryption, 1015–1017
installing, 533
launching issues, 885
mobile. See mobile applications
security, firewalls, 1010
security, mobile devices, 902–909
security, troubleshooting tools, 903
settings, 386–387
side-by-side, 38
troubleshooting, 550–551
uninstalling, 881
virtualization, 780
Web, 790
Apps & features for software removal, 473–474
APT (advanced packaging tool), 526–527
apt-get command, 526–527
arithmetic logic units (ALUs) in CPUs, 72, 78
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) architecture processors, 72–73, 856
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) language, 929
aspect ratios
monitor resolution, 608
portable devices, 807
assertive communication, 4–5
asset management
barcodes, 1028
database system, 1027–1028
inventory lists, 1027
procurement life cycle, 1028–1029
tags and IDs, 1028
warranty and licensing, 1029
assigned users in asset management, 1029–1030
assigning drive letters, 287–288
asterisks (*) for file wildcards, 513–514
ASUS devices, 696
asymmetric DSL (ADSL), 731
AT motherboards, 162–163
ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) standards, 234–235
ATA/ATAPI hard drives, 234–235
Athlon CPUs, 73
attacks, 973. See also threats
attire, professional, 1
ATX motherboards
overview, 163–165
power to, 209–210
ATX power supplies, removing, 215
ATX12V 1.3 power supplies, 209–210
ATX12V 2.0 power supplies, 211–212
audio. See sound
audio jacks in mobile devices, 856
audit logs in network printers, 948
Audit Success and Audit Failure levels, 408
audits for procurement, 1029
AUPs (acceptable use policies), 1030
authentication
fingerprint and facial recognition, 433–434
hardware, 987–990
mobile devices, 899–901
mobile synchronization, 867
network printers, 948
network security, 1014–1017
options, 432–434
overview, 986–987
personal identification numbers, 434
portable devices, 821
software, 987
usernames and passwords, 432–433
users, 425–426
wireless networks, 700, 711–712
workgroups, 670–671
authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA), 711–712
authentication servers, 680
authenticator applications
benefits, 987
description, 989
mobile devices, 899–901
authorization
description, 425
key terms, 456–457
lab projects, 459
NTFS permissions, 434–441
quizzes, 456–459
review, 454–456
auto-brightness for mobile device displays, 882
auto-range meters, 202
auto-switching power supplies, 820
autodetection
configuring, 246–247
hard drive troubleshooting, 248
mass storage, 246–247
automated backups, 533
Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC), 702
automatic document feeders (ADFs)
description, 934
scanners, 930
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), 664
automation, scripts for, 532–533
automobiles, synchronization with, 865
autorotation problems in mobile device displays, 883
Autoruns utility, 397
autostarting programs
controlling, 464–466
deleting, 382
disabling, 396–398
services, 564
AUX connectors, 210
availability, cloud for, 795–796
AWS (Amazon Web Services)
IaaS, 790–791
rapid elasticity, 795
■ B
Babbage, Charles, 26
backbones, Internet, 727–728
backlights
keyboards, 817
LCD panels, 582–583
portable devices, 807
backside buses, 81
Backup and Restore applet, 481
backups
automated, 533
introduction, 477–478
media, 478–479
mobile applications, 904
mobile devices, 899
personal data, 481–484
rotation schemes, 480–481
settings, 386
testing, 479–480
third-party tools, 487
thumb drives, 530
troubleshooting methodology, 15
types, 478
Windows upgrades, 357
bad blocks, mapping, 264–265
badge readers, 987
badges
facility security, 984
network printers, 948
bands in IEEE 802.11, 701
bandwidth
DDR, 108–110
display, 585
PCIe, 173
SATA drives, 236
Thunderbolt, 316
unshielded twisted pair, 629
video memory, 590
banks, memory, 106
barcode scanners, 322–323
barcodes for asset management, 1028
bare-metal hypervisors, 788
baseband updates, 861
bash (Bourne-Again Shell), 496
bash scripts, 532
basic disks, 256
Basic Service Sets (BSSs), 698
.bat (batch) files, 532
batteries
CMOS settings, 151–152
date and time issues, 574
mobile devices, 887–888
portable devices, 813–814, 829–830
power management, 817
recycling, 814
replacing, 827
swollen, 890
UPSs, 204–206
BD-R (recordable) format, 341
BD-RE (rewritable) format, 341
BD-ROM format, 340
beep codes in POST, 147–148
behavior issues
malware, 995–996
mobile applications, 905
Berg connectors, 207–208
beta device drivers, 179
binary numbers
description, 61
MAC addresses, 626
Registry, 381
biometric authentication
benefits, 989
examples, 321–322
fingerprint and facial recognition, 433–434
mobile devices, 900
portable devices, 821
smartphones, 322
BIOS
component information, 138
default and optimized settings, 150
flashing, 189
hardware virtualization support, 781
keyboards, 136
mass storage support, 247–248
passwords, 139
BIOS (on-board NIC) setting, 367
bit depth in sound, 329
BitLocker, support for, 353
BitLocker Drive Encryption
enabling, 446–447
BitLocker To Go option, 353, 446–447
bits
description, 67
MAC addresses, 626
black ! indicator in Device Manager, 180
black screens, 569–570
black-to-white (BtW) monitor response rate, 609
BlackBerry PDA, 843–844
blacklists in MAC addresses, 986
blackouts, 203
blank pages from laser printers, 959
blank passwords, 433
blocks, hard drive, 255–256
blotchy print from laser printers, 960
Blu-ray Disc media, 340
Blue Screen of Death (BSoD)
catastrophic failures, 92–93
driver issues, 606
NMIs, 120
troubleshooting, 560
Bluetooth wireless technology
configuring and troubleshooting, 714–715
expansion options, 857–858
headphones, 808–809
mobile devices, 869
overview, 706–708
pairing issues, 906
portable devices, 810
speakers, 869
troubleshooting, 832
BNC connectors, 633
bollards, 984
Bonjour Print Service, 943
books, motherboard, 183
Boot Manager, 149
boot sector viruses, 994
boot sectors, 149
boot sequence, 149
missing operating systems, 567
POST, 148–149
problems, 562
secure, 145–146
system setup utility, 139
Boot tab
boot device selection, 139, 141
boot options, 144
System Configuration, 384
Bootable device not found message, 299
bootable media
anti-malware tools, 1002
boot sectors, 149
overview, 273
USB drives, 551–552
bootleg APK applications, 908
boots
methods, 355–356
order priority, 247–248
patch cables, 640–641
system setup utility option, 143–144
bootstrap loaders, 149
botnets, 996
Bourne-Again Shell (bash), 496, 532
boxes
lifting, 13
RAID, 243
branch statements in CPUs, 67
brightness
battery life, 887–888
dim displays, 882
dynamic range, 611
mobile device controls, 882
portable devices, 817
projectors, 584
bring your own device (BYOD)
mobile devices, 895
vulnerabilities, 982
broadcast domains
LANs, 633–634
WANs, 641–642
broken screens in mobile devices, 884
brownouts, 203
browsers. See Web browsers
brute-force attacks, 975
BSoD. See Blue Screen of Death (BSoD)
BSSs (Basic Service Sets), 698
BTRFS file system, 272
BtW (black-to-white) monitor response rate, 609
buffered memory, 112
built-in CLI commands, 503
built-in sound, 328
Builtin folder, 676
burn-in, display, 603
burn-in motherboard failures, 187
burners, CD-R, 338
burning smells, 572
bus-powered USB hubs, 314
buses
chipsets, 129
data, 129
expansion. See expansion buses and cards
business casual attire, 1
businesses, software impact on, 469–470
BYOD (bring your own device)
mobile devices, 895
vulnerabilities, 982
bytes
description, 67
DRAM, 105
■ C
C shell (csh), 496
cable Internet connections, 731
cable locks
laptops, 980
portable devices, 821
cable strippers, 639–640
cable testers for patch cables, 641
cables
display adapters, 591
hard drives, 244–246
IDE, 234–235
safety issues, 13
structured, 635–636
telecommunications rooms, 638–641
troubleshooting, 682–684
USB, 312–313
video, 602
caches
CPUs, 80–81
Web browsers, 745
calibration
batteries, 813
inkjet printer printheads, 956–957
laser printer color, 959
mobile device displays, 884
printer color, 947–948
touch, 834
cameras
connections, 327
description, 327
mobile application activation, 909
mobile devices, 846
portable devices, 806–807
storage media, 327
webcams, 327–328
candelas, 609
capacitors, swelling, 573–574
capacity
DVD-media, 339–340
capture cards, 591
card readers, 336
carriages and carriage belts in inkjet printers, 920
carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) networking scheme, 696–697
cartridges
disposal, 953
replacing, 957
CAs (certificate authorities), 744–745, 1015–1016
case fan support in motherboards, 170
cases
fans, 216
mobile devices, 897
motherboards, 181–184
cat command, 513
catastrophic failures
CPUs, 92–93
motherboards, 187
NMIs, 120
categories (Cats)
RJ45 connectors, 641–642
UTP cables, 629–630
cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays, 581
CBL Data Shredder, 372
CCFLs (cold cathode fluorescent lamps) for LCD panels, 582
cd command, 505–506
CD (Compact disc) media, 337–339
CD-Digital Audio (CDDA), 337
CD File System (CDFS), 337
CD media, 337
CD quality sound, 329
CD-R (CD-recordable) standard, 338
CD-ROM format, 337–338
CD-RW (CD-rewritable) format, 338–339
CDDA (CD-Digital Audio), 337
CDFS (CD File System), 337
CDMA (code division multiple access), 733
cell tower analyzers, 903
cellular services
data, 861
Internet, 733–734
location, 847
central processing units (CPUs)
64-bit processing, 76–77
buses, 129–130
caches, 80–81
catastrophic failures, 92–93
clock, 63–65
clock multipliers, 76
cooling, 87–90
core components, 59–66
desktop vs. mobile, 75
developers, 72–75
EDBs, 66
graphics processing units, 83
hardware virtualization support, 781
hybrid cores, 93–94
installing, 85–91
integrated memory controllers, 82–83
key terms, 96–97
keyboard controllers, 131–134
lab projects, 99
man in the box concept, 59–61
memory, 66–72
microarchitectures, 74
mobile devices, 856
model names, 73
modern, 72
multicore processing, 82
multithreading, 81–82
overclocking, 90–91
overheating, 92
parallel execution, 77
pipelining, 77–79
process nodes, 94
processor numbers, 84–85
quizzes, 97–99
registers, 61–63
review questions, 95–96
security, 83
selecting, 84–85
sockets, 84–87
software requirements, 466–467
technology, 75–83
troubleshooting, 91–93
virtualization support, 77
certificate authorities (CAs), 744–745, 1015–1016
Certificate Manager, 408–409
certificate warnings, 1017
certificates
Web browsers, 743–745
certificates of destruction for hard drives, 372
CF (CompactFlash) cards, 334
CFexpress format, 336
chain of custody in incidents, 1045
chamfers in Molex connectors, 207
change boards, 1038
change management
documented business processes, 1034–1035
introduction, 1034
process, 1035–1038
Change permissions
description, 435
folder sharing, 672
changing drive letters, 287–288
channels
controllers, 247
speaker, 330
character types in passwords, 433
charge rollers in laser printers, 924
chargers and charging batteries
battery health concerns, 830
issues, 889
mobile devices, 871–872
optimized, 813
portable devices, 820
charging step in laser printers, 938
checkpoints in virtualization, 778–779
checksums
polymorphic virus detection, 1000
software, 743
chemical hazardous materials, 1040–1041
chip floorplans, 72
chip readers in mobile devices, 870
chipsets
controllers, 129–130
chmod command, 441
chown command, 440
chromaticity diagrams, 610
Chromebooks, 804
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing), 652
CIFS (Common Internet File System), 741
circuit breakers, 198
circuit testers, 203
CITE (color infrastructure and translation engine), 948
clamping voltage in surge suppressors, 204
classes
Bluetooth devices, 707
fire extinguishers, 220–221
IP addresses, 651
SD cards, 335
classification of data, 1041–1042
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), 652
clean command for partitions, 557
clean installs, 359–367
malware, 1003
Windows, 356–357
cleaning
disks, 293–294
inkjet printers, 957
keyboards, 319–320
laser printers, 958
mice, 320–321
monitors, 604–605
portable devices, 818–819
touchscreens, 883
cleaning step in laser printers, 939–940
clearing
CMOS, 150–151
Web browser caches, 746
CLI. See command-line interface (CLI)
clicking sounds in hard drives, 297
client-side virtualization, 776–777
clients
DNS, 658–659
Web pages, 623–624
clocks
expansion buses, 171
time drift, 568
clocks, CPU, 63
cycles, 64
multipliers, 76
speed, 64–65
wires, 63–64
clogged extruders in 3-D printers, 962
Clonezilla program, 359
closed source development models, 848
closed source licenses, 1044
closing
Terminal app, 500
closing the lid options, 563
cloud
backups, 479
characteristics, 795–796
desktop virtualization, 796
Infrastructure as a Service, 790–791
mobile synchronization, 867
overview, 788–789
ownership and access, 793–794
Platform as a Service, 791–792
printing, 929
service layers, 790–793
shared resources, 795
Software as a Service, 792–793
cloud-based wireless network controllers, 713
cloud bursting, 794
CLRTC setting, 91
CLRTC wires, 150–151
clusters
FAT 32, 263–265
NTFS, 270–271
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)
battery issues in date and time, 574
lost settings, 151–152
mass storage settings, 248
overclocking settings, 90–91
setup settings. See system setup utility
coaxial cable, 632–633
code division multiple access (CDMA), 733
code names for microarchitectures, 74
code signing in Web browsers, 743
codebooks, CPU, 62–63
codecs (compressor/decompressor programs)
sound, 330
video, 333
cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) for LCD panels, 582
collate option in printers, 947
colons (:)
IPv6 addresses, 653
color
cabling, 630
inkjet printer cartridges, 921
laser printers, 959
printers, calibration, 947–948
printers, issues, 953–954
USB connectors, 312
color depth
monitors, 610–611
scanners, 931–932
color infrastructure and translation engine (CITE), 948
color inkjet printers, 921–922
color laser printers, 923–924
Color Management applet, 594–595
Color profile video setting, 593–594
color spaces, 610
.com domain, 657
command-line interface (CLI)
accessing, Linux and macOS, 497–499
accessing, Windows, 496–497
assorted commands, macOS and Linux, 522–525
assorted commands, Windows, 518–522
cd command, 505–506
closing, 500
command types, 503–504
deciphering, 495
dir command, 504
drive changes, 506–507
drives and folders, 500–501
file manipulation, 512–518
key terms, 543–544
keyboard shortcuts, 522
lab projects, 546–547
ls command, 504–505
md and mkdir commands, 507–508
package managers, 526–527
quizzes, 544–546
rd and rmdir commands, 509
Registry, 383
review, 540–543
running programs, 509–511
scripting. See scripting
shells, 496
syntax and switches, 502
text editors, 527–529
utilities, 42
command-line interpreters, 496
Command Prompt, 496
CLI access, 496–497
WinRE, 556–557
comments in scripts, 537–538
Common Internet File System (CIFS), 741
communication
effective. See effective communication
mobile devices, 868–872
community clouds, 794
Compact disc (CD) media, 337–339
CompactFlash (CF) cards, 334
compatibility
802.11 devices and versions, 703
drivers, 177
dynamic disks, 259
memory, 106
operating systems, 35
SD cards, 335
software, 466
touch pens, 850
wireless devices, 701
WPA2, 700
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. See CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)
complexity requirements for passwords, 433
compliance
regulations, 1042–1043
requirements, 1031–1032
for safety, 12
component failures on motherboards, 187–188
compressed air, 819
compression
disks, 280
NTFS, 269
sound files, 329–330
compressor/decompressor programs (codecs)
sound, 330
video, 333
Computer Management
disks, 242
groups, 427
partitions, 261
printers, 951
shared folders, 444
computer programmers, 27
computers, 26
computing parts, 28–29
hardware, 31–34
key terms, 55
lab projects, 57
quizzes, 56–57
review, 54
software. See software
stages, 30
Computers folder, 676
computing process, 15, 27–28, 30
conditional loops in scripts, 536–537
conditions in Task Scheduler, 463
conductors, 198
confidence, projecting, 5
configurable scanner variables, 932–933
Configuration tab in system setup utility, 142
conflicts in IP addresses, 651
connection-oriented protocols, 659, 758
connectionless protocols, 659, 758
connections and connectivity
digital cameras, 327
hard drives, 234–239
mobile applications, 906
mobile devices, issues, 892–893, 906
mobile devices, network, 860–862
printer troubleshooting, 950
printers and multifunction devices, 934–935
resource issues, 684–685
video displays, 585–587
Web browsers, 744–745
wireless network issues, 717–718
Connections tab for Internet Options, 748–749
connectors
coax, 633
display adapters, 591
Ethernet, 630–631
front panel, 169
locks, 985
mobile devices, 868–869
patch cables, 639–640
portable devices, 811
serial ports, 309
USB, 312–313
work areas, 641–642
consumables, printer, 923, 953
container files for video formats, 332–333
Content tab for Internet Options, 748
context menus in Windows, 36–37
contrast ratio in monitors, 609
control constructs in scripts, 536–537
Control Panel
Administrative Tools, 391–392
audio, 808
backups, 481
certificates, 408
Color Management, 594–595
domains, 677
Ease of Access Center, 390–391
File Explorer, 392–394
File History, 483–484
firewalls, 1010–1011
GPS, 832
Indexing Options applet, 390–391
Microsoft Management Console, 48–50
NIC settings, 665
offline files, 818
overview, 388–389
pointing devices, 320–321
power settings, 815–816
printer sharing, 681
Reliability Monitor, 566
security policies, 447
settings overview, 384–385
software removal, 473
Sound applet, 389–390
System applet, 389
System Restore, 1003
touchscreens, 323
trackpads, 806
UAC, 452
User Accounts applet, 431
virtual machines, 783–784
Wake-on-LAN, 666
Web browsers, 748–749
workgroups, 669
controllers
configuring, 246
domains, 673–675
firmware, 129–130
keyboard, 131–134
NICs, 625
Convert to Dynamic Disk option, 280
convertible laptops, 804
convertible power supply adapters, 211
converting
AC power to DC, 201–202
dynamic disks, 280
cooling
CPUs, 87–90
power supplies, 216–218
cooling fans
danger from, 13
video cards, 592
cooling fins, 13
copied files, NTFS permissions with, 438
copy command, 515
copy components, 934
copying
files, 515–518
hard drives, 530
Core i7 CPUs, 74
corona wires in laser printers, 925
corporate-owned mobile devices, 895
corporate restrictions, 415
corporate use licenses, 1043
corrupted data, 296–297
Cortana virtual assistant, 852
costs of solid-state drives, 232
counters in Performance Monitor, 404
coverage optimization for wireless networks, 704–706
covers for mobile device screens, 872
CPU identifier (CPUID) function, 76
CPU tab in Resource Monitor, 400–401
CPU-Z utility
CPU details, 76
memory, 117–118
CPUID (CPU identifier) function, 76
CPUs. See central processing units (CPUs)
crash screens
catastrophic failures, 92–93
driver issues, 606
NMIs, 120
proprietary, 569
RAID, 299
troubleshooting, 560
crashes
system, 980
CRCs (cyclic redundancy checks) in frames, 627
creased paper in laser printers, 961
Create Virtual Hard Disk wizard, 785–786
credentials for routers, 737
credit card readers, 870
credit card transactions, 1042
crimping patch cables, 639–641
Critical event levels in Event Viewer, 408
cron utility, 463
cross-platform virtualization, 780
cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, 976
CRT (cathode-ray tube) displays, 581
cryptographic hash functions, 743
cryptominers, 994–995
crystals
clock speed, 65
expansion buses, 171
csh (C shell), 496
CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance) networking scheme, 696–697
cultural sensitivity, 4
currency settings, 359
current, electrical, 198
cursor drift, 834
custom views in Event Viewer, 408
Cyberduck client, 757–758
cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) in frames, 627
■ D
D-Cache in CPUs, 82
D-shell connectors, 585
D-subminiature connectors, 585
DACs (digital-to-analog converters), 332
daisy-wheel printers, 920
damage protection for mobile devices, 897
damage to mobile device displays, 884
damaged ports, charging issues from, 889
data
classification, 1041–1042
corrupted, 296–297
destruction of, 372
destruction threats, 979
encryption, 445–447, 991, 1014–1015
file system structures, 263
mobile applications, access issues, 907
mobile applications, usage limit notifications, 905
mobile devices, cellular services, 862–863
mobile devices, security, 899–902
mobile devices, usage issues, 892–893
RAID protection of, 239–243
regulated, 1042
restoring after installation, 371
retention requirements, 1041–1042
data-at-rest encryption, 991
data bus
chipsets, 129
description, 129
Data Collector Sets in Performance Monitor, 405
Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
CPUs, 83
performance options, 476–477
data integrity and preservation in chain of custody, 1045
data networks for mobile devices, 861
data roaming, 862–863
data storage stage in computing, 30
data structures, 264
data types in scripts, 536
data-usage limit notifications, 905
database systems for asset management, 1027–1028
Datacolor Spyder calibrators, 948
date and time
issues, 574
settings, 385
date documentation in change management, 1037
daughter boards, 166
DB9 connectors, 309
DC (direct current)
description, 199
supplying, 207–214
testing, 208
dd command, 529–530
DDoS (distributed denial of service) attacks, 975–976
DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM), 106–107
DDR3 DRAM, 108
DDR4 DRAM, 108–109
DDR5 DRAM, 109–110
dead pixels, 603
dead spots in wireless coverage, 704
debris issues in thermal printers, 956
decode stage in CPUs, 77–78
decryption, 894
dedicated GPUs, 467
dedicated RAID boxes, 243
default credentials for routers, 737
default gateways
Internet, 729
LANs, 650
default groups, 427–429, 990–991
default user accounts, 990–991
Defender Antivirus, 998
definition files for antivirus programs, 1002
defragmentation of hard drives, 292–293
degaussing hard drives, 372
Déjà Dup tool, 484–485
del command, 514–515
deleted files in FAT 32 file system, 267–269
deleting files, 514–515
deliveries, procurement, 1029
demilitarized zones (DMZs), 1007, 1009
denial of service (DoS) attacks, 975–976
DEP (Data Execution Prevention)
CPUs, 83
performance options, 476–477
dependability, 3
desktop
Linux environments, 40–41
macOS, 38–40
management software, 757
styles, 35–42
virtualization, 796
Desktop & Screen Saver display settings, 598
desktop alerts from malware, 997
desktop computer CPUs, 75
Desktop folder, 46
destruction, data, 372
Details tab in Task Manager, 399
developer mode access issues in mobile applications, 908–909
developers for CPUs, 72–75
developing step in laser printers, 938
development models for mobile operating systems, 848–849
development testing for virtual machines, 780
device chargers, 871–872
device drivers. See drivers
Device Manager
drivers, issues, 606
drivers, listing, 133–134
expansion card troubleshooting, 179–181
hardware troubleshooting, 716
ports, 316–317
USB power, 314–315
wireless devices, 717
devices
drivers. See drivers
network security settings, 903
portable vs. mobile, 803
software impact on, 469
Devices and Printers applet
game controllers, 325
paper settings, 952
printer detection, 941–942
printer settings, 946
printer sharing, 681
printer spoolers, 951
Devices settings, 387
df command, 530
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
functions and ports, 741
settings, 658–659
diagnostics
mobile device displays, 884
print pages, 959
touch-screens, 834
dial-up Internet, 730
dictionary attacks, 975
differential backups, 478
dig command, 661–662
digital cameras. See cameras
digital certificates
encryption, 1015–1016
Web browsers, 743
Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology for projectors, 583–584
digital multimeters (DMMs) for AC supply tests, 200–201
digital rights management (DRM), 1044
digital sound, 328–329
digital subscriber line (DSL) connections, 730–731
digital-to-analog converters (DACs), 332
digital versatile discs (DVD) media, 339–340
Digital Visual Interface (DVI), 585, 591
digitizers
overview, 326
dim displays
mobile devices, 882
portable devices, 831
troubleshooting, 603
DIMMs (dual inline memory modules)
banks, 106
double-sided, 110
installing, 118
dipole antennas, 705
dir command
directory contents, 503–505
wildcards, 513–514
direct burial cable, 630
direct current (DC)
description, 199
supplying, 207–214
testing, 208
direct LED backlighting for LCD panels, 582–583
direct thermal printers, 923
directional antennas, 706
directories
changing, 505–506
CLI, 500–501
contents, 503–504
creating, 507–508
removing, 509
Dirtbox device, 906
dirty air, 1040
dirty mobile device screens, 883
dirty printouts with laser printers, 959–960
Disable inheritance option, 437
Disable Windows Installer policy, 993
disabling
applications, 464–465
AutoRun, 470
autostarting programs, 396–398
backlit keyboards, 817
cellular data, 893
device roaming, 889
fast startup, 562–563
guest accounts, 699–700
programs, 561
SSID broadcasts, 699
system restores, 1003
unused accounts, 990
USB ports, 315
Wi-Fi, 713
disassembling laptops, 822–824
Disk Cleanup tool, 294
disk duplexing in RAID, 240
Disk Management program
disk initialization, 276–277
diskpart utility, 556–557
drive letters, 287–288
dynamic disks, 280
mounting partitions as folders, 286–287
overview, 276
partition and volume creation, 277–280
partition formatting, 288
partitioning, 261
RAID, 242–243
disk mirroring, 239
disk quotas in NTFS, 270
disk striping, 240
Disk tab in Resource Monitor, 401
disk thrashing, 115
Disk Utility, 292
diskpart tool
partitions, 261
working with, 556–557
disks. See drives; hard drives
Display adapter properties, 596–597, 600
display adapters
connector types and cables, 591
description, 580
graphics processors, 589–590
integrated GPUs, 590–591
introduction, 588
key terms, 617–618
lab projects, 621
motherboard slots, 588–589
quizzes, 618–620
review, 614–617
settings, macOS and Linus, 598–600
settings, Windows, 592–600
software, 592–593
troubleshooting, 600–601
video displays, 581–582
video installation and configuration, 591–592
video memory, 590
Display preference pane, 411
DisplayPort
audio, 331
display connectors, 586
portable devices, 809
video cards, 591
displays
battery usage, 887–888
macOS settings, 411–412
mobile device issues, 882–883
mobile devices, 845–846
monitors. See monitors
portable devices, 807
portable devices, issues, 831–832
portable devices, ports, 809
power management, 817
replacing, 828
technologies, 580
distance limits for fiber optic cable, 632
distractions, avoiding, 5
distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, 975–976
distribution methods for software, 468
distributions, Linux, 40
DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) records, 657
DL (dual-layer) DVD formats, 340
DLP (Digital Light Processing) technology for projectors, 583–584
DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance) records, 658
DMMs (digital multimeters) for AC supply tests, 200–201
DMZs (demilitarized zones), 1007, 1009
DNAT (dynamic NAT), 735
DNS. See Domain Name System (DNS)
Dock & Menu Bar option, 598–600
Dock in macOS, 38
docking stations
mobile devices, 872
portable devices, 812
documentation
articles, 1034
CLI commands, 502
end-user termination checklists, 1032–1033
expectations, 8
incidents, 1045
knowledge bases, 1034
laptop disassembly, 822
network topology diagrams, 1031
new-user setup checklists, 1032
operational procedures, 1030–1033
regulatory compliance requirements, 1031–1032
troubleshooting, 18–19
documented business processes in change management, 1034–1035
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) records, 658
Domain Controllers folder, 677
Domain Name System (DNS)
client information, 658–659
domain names, 656–658
functions and ports, 741
purpose, 655–656
servers, 656
Domain networks, 1010
DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) records, 657
domains
administration, 677–679
introduction, 673–675
organization, 676–677
door locks, 983
DoS (denial of service) attacks, 975–976
dot-matrix printers, 920
dots per inch (dpi) resolution in inkjet printers, 922
dotted-decimal notation in IP addresses, 650–651
double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), 106–107
double images from laser printers, 960
double-pumped frontside buses in CPUs, 81
double-sided DIMMs, 110
double-sided (DS) DVD formats, 339
downloaded program files, deleting, 294
Downloads folder, 46
downstream USB host controllers, 310
dpi (dots per inch) resolution in inkjet printers, 922
draft quality with impact printers, 920
DRAM. See dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
dress code, 1
drilling hard drives, 372
drive errors in Windows installation, 369
drive letters
changing, 287–288
description, 42–43
drivers
beta, 179
Blue Screen of Death problems, 560
expansion cards, 175–181
fast startup issues, 562
installing, 176–178
keyboard, 133–134
newest, 176
printer, 929
removing, 177
rollbacks, 178
scanners, 931
shutdown issues, 563
troubleshooting, 606–607
unsigned, 177–178
upgrading, 370
USB devices, 314
verifying, 179
drives
CLI commands, 500–501
flash. See flash drives
hard. See hard drives
initialization, 276–277
mapping, 679–680
moving between, 506–507
remapping, 533
SSD. See solid-state drives (SSDs)
status, 277
virtual machines, 786
Windows installation, 356
DRM (digital rights management), 1044
DS (double-sided) DVD formats, 339
DSL (digital subscriber line) connections, 730–731
dual-band operation in 802.11n, 703
dual-channel architecture in DRAM, 107
dual-core CPUs, 82
dual inline memory modules (DIMMs)
banks, 106
double-sided, 110
installing, 118
dual-layer (DL) DVD formats, 340
dual-link DVI, 585
dual voltage power supplies, 199–200
dumpster diving, 977–978
duplex settings for printers, 946
duplexing, RAID, 240
duplexing assemblies for printers, 926, 930
dust
cleaning, 1040
laser printers, 958
overheating from, 571–572, 830–831
DVD (digital versatile discs) media, 339–340
DVD-ROM, 340
DVD-RW, 340
DVI (Digital Visual Interface), 585, 591
DVI-I connectors, 591
DVI-to-HDMI cable, 586–587
DWORD values in Registry, 382
dying hard drives, 297–298
dynamic contrast ratio for monitors, 609
dynamic disks
creating, 280
description, 256
mirrored volumes, 284
mount points, 286–287
overview, 258–259
RAID, 284–286
simple volumes, 280–282
spanning volumes, 282–283
striped volumes, 284
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
functions and ports, 741
settings, 658–659
dynamic IP addresses, 653
dynamic NAT (DNAT), 735
dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), 100
amount needed, 112–113
description, 68
latency, 110–111
old, 105
organizing, 102
overview, 101–102
practical, 103–104
registered and buffered, 112
sticks, 104–105
types, 105–112
variations, 110–112
working with, 112
dynamic range in monitors, 611
■ E
application protocols, 740
hijacked accounts, 997
malware in, 997
mobile devices, 863–865
ports, 864–865
scanner feature, 933
viruses in, 1004
Web browsers, 749–751
e-waste, recycling, 1041
E911 (Enhanced 911) system, 853
EAS (Emergency Alert System), 853
EAS (Exchange ActiveSync), 866
Ease of Access Center, 390–391
EB (exabytes), 76
EBSSs (Extended Basic Service Sets), 698
ECC (error checking and correction), 111
ECC (error correction code) for hard drives, 297
ECC RAM (error correction code RAM), 111
echo images from laser printers, 960
EDB (external data bus) for CPUs, 60–61, 66
edge-blurring techniques in monitor resolution, 608
edge LED backlighting, 582
EDGE technology, 733
editing Registry, 381–383
editions, Windows, 349–355
editors, text, 527–529
EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) Bluetooth, 707
.edu domain, 657
education
mobile application security, 903
effective communication, 4
answers, 6–7
assertive, 4–5
expectations and follow-up, 7–8
respectful, 5–6
effective permissions, 990
efficiency cores in CPUs, 93–94
EFS (Encrypting File System)
encryption with, 445–446
NTFS, 270
eGPUs (external graphics processing units), 612–613
elasticity, cloud for, 795
electrical fire safety equipment, 13
electricity basics, 197–199
electro-photographic imaging in laser printers, 923
electromagnetic interference (EMI)
description, 11
power lines, 204
STP cable, 630
electromagnetic pulse (EMP), 9
electronic contact cleaning solution for expansion cards, 175
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
antistatic tools, 9–11
expansion card installation, 174
mats, 10
motherboard installation, 184
overview, 9
straps, 9–10
elevated privileges, 427
embedded systems
industrial control systems, 759
Internet of Things, 759–760
introduction, 758–759
NFC, 870
USB hubs, 313
Web servers, 624
embossed effect in laser printers, 961
Emergency Alert System (EAS), 853
emergency capabilities of mobile devices, 853–854
EMI (electromagnetic interference)
description, 11
power lines, 204
STP cable, 630
EMP (electromagnetic pulse), 9
emulation, printer, 944–945
emulators, terminal, 497–499
Enable inheritance option, 437
enclosures, RAID, 243
encoding schemes in transfer rate, 172
Encrypting File System (EFS)
encryption with, 445–446
NTFS, 270
encryption
BitLocker, 353
BitLocker Drive Encryption, 446–447
data, 445–447
data-at-rest, 991
EFS, 445–446
FileVault, 416–417
network security, 1014–1017
NTFS, 270
wireless networks, 710–711
end-of-file markers in FAT 32 file system, 264
end-of-life (EOL) operating systems, 982
end points in USB devices, 311
End process tree option in Task Manager, 399
end-user acceptance in change management, 1038
end-user device configuration options for mobile devices, 895
end-user license agreements (EULAs)
description, 1044
Windows installation, 359, 361, 363
end-user termination checklists, 1032–1033
endpoint management servers for VPNs, 755
endpoint management software for desktop management, 757
endpoints in USB controllers, 565
energy savings in virtualization, 778
engine test pages for printers, 959
engines in anti-malware programs, 1002
Enhanced 911 (E911) system, 854
Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) Bluetooth, 707
Enhanced Virus Protection in CPUs, 83
entry control rosters, 977
environment variables in scripts, 538–539
environmental controls
hazardous materials, 1040–1041
introduction, 1038–1039
temperature, humidity, and ventilation, 1039–1040
EOL (end-of-life) operating systems, 982
EPS12V power supplies, 210
equipment
grounding, 10
locks, 985
placement, 1040
equipment racks, 637
erase command, 514–515
erase lamps in laser printers, 924, 940
erasing hard drives, 372–373
error checking and correction (ECC), 111
error checking hard drives, 291–292
Error checking tool, 291
error codes
laser printers, 959
printer troubleshooting, 950
error correction code (ECC) for hard drives, 297
error correction code RAM (ECC RAM), 111
Error event levels in Event Viewer, 408
errors, benefits of, 506
eSATA (external SATA), 237
escalating problems in troubleshooting, 17
ESD. See electrostatic discharge (ESD)
essential software in Windows installation, 371
ethereal symptoms in motherboards, 187
Ethernet networks
coaxial, 632–633
fiber optic, 631–632
introduction, 628
key terms, 644–645
lab projects, 647
LANs, 633–634
portable devices, 811
quizzes, 645–646
review, 643–644
shielded twisted pair, 629–631
star bus, 628–629
structured cabling, 635–636
telecommunications rooms, 636–641
unshielded twisted pair, 629–631
WANs, 641–642
work areas, 641–642
Ethernet over Power, 634
EUI-64 (Extended Unique Identifier, 64-bit), 654
EULAs (end-user license agreements)
description, 1044
Windows installation, 359
event levels in Event Viewer, 408
Event Viewer
custom views, 408
event levels, 408
overview, 405–406
Windows Logs, 406–407
Everyone group
folder sharing, 672
Linux permissions, 440
evidence, chain of custody for, 1045
evil twin attacks, 978
exabytes (EB), 76
Exchange ActiveSync (EAS), 866
Exchange Server, 750
exclamation points (!) in Device Manager, 716
Execute permission, 440
execute stage in CPUs, 77–78
exFAT file system, 271–272
exiting system setup utility, 146
expansion buses and cards, 170
crystals, 171
device drivers, 175–181
handling, 174
installing, 173–179
learning about, 173
PCI, 171–172
PCIe, 172–173
portable device slots, 811
replacing, 827–828
structure and function, 170–171
troubleshooting, 179–181
expectations in effective communication, 7–8
expiration
licenses, 1043–1044
exploits, 973. See also threats
exposing step in laser printers, 938
ext4 (Fourth Extended File System), 272
Extend these displays option, 595–596
Extend Volume Wizard, 282–283
Extended Basic Service Sets (EBSSs), 698
extended partitions, 257–258
extended read/write times in hard drives, 297
Extended Unique Identifier, 64-bit (EUI-64), 654
extenders, wireless, 698
extensions
File Explorer, 392–393
Web browsers, 743–744
external batteries, 887
external CLI commands, 503
external data bus (EDB) for CPUs, 60–61, 66
external drives for Windows installation, 356
external graphics processing units (eGPUs), 612–613
external hard drive enclosures, 237
external hardware tokens, 468
external interference in wireless networks, 718
external monitors
mobile devices, 891
portable devices, 809
external power banks for mobile devices, 871
external SATA (eSATA), 237
external speakers for mobile devices, 871
external USB wireless network adapters, 695
Extreme Memory Profile (XMP), 108
extruders in 3-D printers, 962
■ F
F-type connectors, 633
fabless semiconductor companies for CPUs, 72
fabrication companies for CPUs, 72
facial recognition
authentication, 433–434
mobile devices, 898
smartphones and tablets, 989
facility security, 983–984
factory resets, 881
factory resets for mobile devices, 881–882
faded prints from laser printers, 959
failed login attempt restrictions, 898
Failed status in Disk Management, 277
fake security warnings in mobile applications, 905
false alerts from malware, 997
fans
cases, 216
CPUs, 89–90
dust, 1040
grinding noises, 573
motherboard support, 170
noises, 218
overheating, 572
power supplies, 216
projectors, 606
system setup utility, 144–145
Fast Ethernet networks, 628
fast startup feature, 562–563
FAT (file allocation table) system
cluster size, 266
fragmentation, 266–269
overview, 263–265
working with, 264–265
fax components, 934
FDISK tool, 261
feature updates in patch management, 461
feed assemblies in thermal printers, 923
feeders
inkjet printers, 920
laser printers, 961–962
scanners, 930
fences, 984
fetch stage in CPUs, 77–78
FHD monitor resolution, 608
fiber optic cable
Internet, 731–732
standards, 631–632
fiber-to-the-node (FTTN), 731–732
fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP), 731–732
field replaceable units (FRUs), 197
fields in IPv6 addresses, 653
FIFO (first in, first out) rotation backup scheme, 480
file allocation table (FAT) system
cluster size, 266
fragmentation, 266–269
overview, 263–265
working with, 264–265
File Explorer
description, 43
extensions settings, 392–393
introduction, 392
Show Hidden Files option, 392
view options, 393
File History applet, 483–484
file servers, 679–680
file structures and paths
Linux, 47–48
macOS, 46–47
Windows, 43–46
file systems
checking, 518–519
exFAT, 271–272
in formatting, 263
Linux, 272
macOS, 272
NTFS, 269–271
Windows, 263–272
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
application protocols, 740
functions and ports, 741
overview, 757–758
files
associations, 43
copying and moving, 515–518
deleting, 514–515
finding, 525–526
Linux, 512
names, 501
offline, 817–818
ownership, 435
permissions. See NTFS permissions
plaintext, 513
servers, 624
sound formats, 329–330
synchronization in cloud, 796
transferring, 756
wildcards, 513–514
working with, 512
FileVault storage encryption, 416–417
FileZilla client, 757
Filter Keys app, 391
filter masks, 13
filters
DSL, 730
grep, 525
IP addresses, 986
MAC addresses, 700, 709–710, 986
privacy, 985
find command, 525–526
Find My iPhone app, 847
Finder in macOS, 46–47
findings, documenting, 18–19
fingerprint locks for mobile devices, 898
fingerprint scanners
Apple keyboard, 989
authentication, 321–322, 433–434
portable devices, 821
smartphones, 322
finishing issues in printers, 952
fire safety
burning smells, 572
equipment, 13
power supplies, 220–221
firewalls
hardware, 1005–1007
introduction, 1005
mobile devices, 902
software, 1007–1012
firmware
CMOS, clearing, 150–151
CMOS, lost settings, 151–152
controllers, 129–130
default and optimized settings, 150
introduction, 128
key terms, 155–156
keyboard, 131–134
lab projects, 158
laser printers, 926
mobile devices, 861–862
POST, 147–149
quizzes, 156–158
review questions, 154–155
ROM, flashing, 152–153
ROM, overview, 134–135
routers, 738–739
setup settings. See system setup utility
WAPs, 717
first in, first out (FIFO) rotation backup scheme, 480
first response in incidents, 1044–1045
Fish shell, 496
flash drives
backups, 479
booting from, 356
file systems, 271–272
overview, 334
flash memory, 334–336
flash ROM
motherboards, 135
RAID configuration, 243
flashing
BIOS, 189
flashing screens, 602
flat-panel video displays, 581–583
flatbed scanners, 930–931
flickering displays, 832
floating point units (FPUs) in CPUs, 78
floorplans, chip, 72
FN (Function) key in portable devices, 805
Folder Options settings, 43–45
folder redirection, 679
folder trees, pruning and grafting, 516–518
folders
access, 672–674
Active Directory, 676–677
CLI, 500–501
mounting partitions as, 286–287
names, 501
ownership, 435
permissions. See NTFS permissions
shared, 444
follow-up in effective communication, 7–8
footers setting for printers, 947
for loops, 537
force stopping applications, 881
Foreign drive status, 277
form factors
hard drives, 230
motherboards, AT, 162–163
motherboards, ATX, 163–165
motherboards, description, 161
motherboards, ITX, 165–166
motherboards, proprietary, 166
solid-state drives, 231–232
format command
overview, 519–520
partitions, 557
formats for CD media, 337
formatting hard drives
data destruction in, 372
errors, 295–296
file systems. See file systems
format command, 519–520
installation media, 273–276
overview, 263
Formatting status in Disk Management, 277
forwarding, port, 1006–1007
Fourth Extended File System (ext4), 272
Fox and Hound toners, 684
FPUs (floating point units) in CPUs, 79
fragmentation in FAT 32 file system, 266–269
frames, NIC processing of, 625–627
FreeSync technology, 611
freezes in mobile devices, 890–891
frequencies
IEEE 802.11 versions, 703
sound, 328–329
front panel connectors for sound support, 169
front-view projectors, 583
frontside buses, 81
FRUs (field replaceable units), 197
fsck tool, 291
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
application protocols, 740
functions and ports, 741
overview, 757–758
FTTN (fiber-to-the-node), 731–732
FTTP (fiber-to-the-premises), 731–732
full backups, 478
Full Control permissions, 436, 672
full-duplex mode in NICs, 665
full facial recognition, 989
full formatting file systems, 264
Full-Speed USB, 310
Function (FN) key in portable devices, 805
fuser assemblies in laser printers, 925, 959
fuses
overview, 198
power supplies, 220
fusing step in laser printers, 939, 960
■ G
G-sync technology, 611
gain, antenna, 706
game controllers
mobile devices, 871
overview, 324–325
gaming laptops, 804
Gaming section in Windows setting, 388
garbage print, 953
gateways
Internet, 729
LANs, 650
GDDR (Graphics DDR), 590
GDI (graphical device interface), 929–930
gearboxes in laser printers, 926
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 1042
general protection faults (GPFs), 121
general-purpose ports in portable devices, 811–813
general-purpose registers in CPUs, 62
General tab
card drivers, 601
encryption, 445
File Explorer, 393–394
folders, 44
Internet Options, 748
System Configuration, 383
geotracking, 847
gestures
mobile devices, 851
multi-touch, 320
Get-Command cmdlet, 503
Get-Help command, 502
Get-Location cmdlet, 503
GFS (grandfather-father-son) backup rotation scheme, 481
gibi prefix, 71
Gigabit Ethernet networks, 628
gigabytes, 70
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), 931
global positioning system (GPS) services
battery usage, 888–889
mobile applications, 909
portable devices, 832
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 733, 862
global unicast IP addresses, 655–656
global user account authentication, 425–426
globally unique identifiers (GUIDs), 260
GMA (Graphics Media Accelerator), 590
Gnome 3 launch point in Linux, 51
GNOME Terminal, 497
GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), 931
goggles, 13
Golden Rule, 3
Google Pay system, 854
Google Play store, 851, 859–860
Google Workspace, 867
.gov domain, 657
government regulations, compliance with, 12
GPFs (general protection faults), 121
gpresult command, 520–521
GPRS technology, 733
GPS. See global positioning system (GPS) services
GPTs (GUID partition tables), 256, 259–260
gpupdate command, 520
GPUs (graphics processing units)
display adapters, 589–590
software requirements, 467
grafting folder trees, 516–518
Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB), 258
grandfather-father-son (GFS) backup rotation scheme, 481
Graphic Device setup option, 143
graphical device interface (GDI), 929–930
graphical mode errors in Windows installation, 368
graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
description, 28
mobile devices, 851–852
graphical user interfaces (GUIs) programs, opening from command line, 496
graphics, software requirements for, 467
Graphics DDR (GDDR), 590
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA), 590
graphics processing units (GPUs)
display adapters, 589–590
software requirements, 467
gray-to-gray (GtG) monitor response rate, 609
grayscale depth in scanners, 933
grep command, 525
grinding noises
causes, 573
hard drives, 297
printers, 952
Group Policy Driver Installation policy, 941
Group Policy Editor, 352–353, 447
groups
authenticating, 426–427
configuring, 427–432
creating, 430–431
default, 427–429
introduction, 424
key terms, 456–457
lab projects, 459
Linux permissions, 440
policies, security, 992
policies, updating, 520
policies, Windows 10 Pro, 352–353
quizzes, 456–459
review, 454–456
security, 990–991
types, 426–427
GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader), 258
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), 733, 862
GtG (gray-to-gray) monitor response rate, 609
guards
access control vestibules, 977
tools for, 983
Guest users, 427
guests and guest accounts
security, 991
virtualization, 775
Guests group, 427
GUID partition tables (GPTs), 256, 259–260
GUIDs (globally unique identifiers), 260
GUIs (graphical user interfaces)
description, 28
mobile devices, 851–852
GUIs (graphical user interfaces) programs, opening from command line, 496
gyroscopes, 852
■ H
habits, automating, 534
half-duplex mode
fiber optic cable, 632
NICs, 665
hand tools for laptop disassembly, 822
Hard Drive Initialization Wizard, 277
hard drives
backups, 478
bootable media, 273
cleaning up, 293–294
copying, 530
corrupted, 296–297
data destruction, 372
defragmentation, 292–293
dying, 297–298
dynamic disks, 258–259
error checking, 291–292
file systems. See file systems
form factors, 230
formatting. See formatting hard drives
grinding noises, 573
GUID partition tables, 259–260
heat issues, 245
key terms, 304–305
lab projects, 307
laptop upgrades, 825–826
low-level formatting, 372
maintaining, 291–294
managing. See Disk Management program
master boot records, 257–258
partitions. See partitions
quizzes, 304–307
RAID issues, 298–299
review, 300–303
selecting, 244
space used, 530
speed, 229–230
spindle speed, 229–230
SSDs. See solid-state drives (SSDs)
Storage Spaces, 288–291
troubleshooting, 295–299
types, 229
hard resets, 881
hard tokens in authentication, 988
hardware
authentication, 987–990
black screen issues, 570
computing, 31–34
description, 28
failures, 980
mobile device enhancements, 855–858
replacing in laptops, 826–829
virtual machines, 781–782
wireless networks, 716
hardware-assisted virtualization, 142
hardware firewalls, 1005–1007
hardware RAID, 242–243
hardware tokens, 468
hardware virtualization
benefits, 777–779
client-side, 776–777
introduction, 775–776
purpose, 779–780
server-side virtualization, 788
virtual machines. See virtual machines (VMs)
harmonics in power supplies, 212
hash tables, 975
hashing
passwords, 975
Web browsers, 743
hazardous materials, 1040–1041
HBAs (host bus adapters), 235
HBM (High Bandwidth Memory), 590
HD monitor resolution, 608
HDBaseT connectors, 586
HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection), 589
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
connectors, 585
ports, 809
headers
motherboards, 169
printers, 947
headphones, Bluetooth, 808–809
headset jacks, 808
health of batteries, 830
healthcare data, 1042
heat dope for CPUs, 89
heat issues
CPUs, 92
laser printers, 959
mobile devices, 885–886
portable devices, 819, 830–831
projectors, 605–606
troubleshooting, 571–572
heat-sensitive thermal paper, 923
heat sinks for CPUs, 87–90
heating elements in thermal printers, 923, 955–956
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, 1039–1040
heavy boxes, 13
help command for CLI commands, 503
HEW (high efficiency wireless), 703
hexadecimal notation for MAC addresses, 626
hextets in IPv6 addresses, 653
HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus)., 272
Hi-Speed USB, 310
hibernate mode in portable devices, 815–816
hidden partitions, 260
Hide protected operating system files option, 392
hiding file extensions, 392–393
Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+)., 272
high availability, cloud for, 795–796
High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP), 589
High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), 590
High contrast video settings, 598
High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
connectors, 585
ports, 809
high dynamic range, 611
high efficiency wireless (HEW), 703
high-gloss finish for laptop screens, 807
high-level formatting of file systems, 264
high network traffic in mobile applications, 905
high-pitched squeals in hard drives, 297
high-resolution monitors, troubleshooting, 604
hijacked e-mail accounts, 997
hijacking, session, 975
hints for passwords, 433
hives in Registry, 378–379
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT root key, 378–379
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG root key, 380–381
HKEY_CURRENT_USER root key, 380
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE root key, 380
HKEY_USERS root key, 380
hole punches for printers, 952
home directories in CLI, 501
home folders in domains, 679
home theater PCs (HTPCs), 183
honesty, 2–3
horizontal cabling, 635–636
host bus adapters (HBAs), 235
host computers in virtualization, 775
host controllers for USB ports, 309–310
host IDs in IP addresses, 651–652
hostname command, 520
hosts, network, 623–624
hosts file, malware in, 997
hot components, 13
hot-swappable drives for Windows installation, 356
hot swapping
hard drives, 237
RAID, 243
hotspots
locating, 706
HTPCs (home theater PCs), 183
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
functions and ports, 741
purpose, 740
HTTP over TLS protocol, 1015
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
encryption in, 740
functions and ports, 741
hubs
Ethernet, 629
humidity issues, 1039–1040
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, 1039–1040
hybrid clouds, 794
hybrid cores in CPUs, 93–94
hybrid laptops, 804
hybrid topologies, 628
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
functions and ports, 741
purpose, 740
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
encryption in, 740
functions and ports, 741
hyperthreading CPUs, 81–82
hypervisors
types, 788
virtualization, 775–776
■ I
I-Cache in CPUs, 82
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), 790–791
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), 657
ICC (International Color Consortium) color profiles, 947–948
ICCID (Integrated Circuit Card Identifier) numbers, 862
iCloud service
Find My iPhone app, 847
location services, 899
synchronization, 415, 865, 867–868
ICSs (industrial control systems), 759
ID badges for facility security, 984
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) drives, 234
identification in workgroups, 670–671
IDs, RFID, 1028
IDSs (intrusion detection systems), 1012–1013
IE (Internet Explorer), 748
IEC-320 connectors, 199–200
IEEE 802.11-based wireless networking
802.11a, 702
802.11ac, 703
802.11ax, 703
802.11b, 702
802.11g, 702
802.11n, 702–703
components, 694
introduction, 701
portable devices, 810
Wi-Fi channels, 701–702
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), 652
if statements in scripts, 536–537
ifconfig command, 660–661
iFixit toolkits
benefits, 12
laptop disassembly, 822
IIS (Internet Information Services), 623
images
backups, 483
projector technologies, 583–584
reimaging computers, 555
Windows deployment, 358–359
Windows installation errors, 369
imaging drums in laser printers, 924, 958
imaging process in laser printers, 923–924, 936
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
e-mail, 749
functions and ports, 741
mobile devices, 864–865
IMCs (integrated memory controllers), 82–83
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) numbers, 861–862
impact determination in change management, 1037
impact paper, 919
impact printers
description, 919–920
troubleshooting, 954–955
impedance in coaxial cable, 633
impersonation in social engineering attacks, 977
improper charging
batteries, 830
mobile devices, 889
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) numbers, 862
IMT-2020 specifications, 734
in-place Windows upgrades, 357
in-plane switching (IPS) panels
mobile devices, 845
overview, 582
portable devices, 807
incident reports, 19
incident response, 1044–1045
incomplete characters in laser printers, 961
incorrect chroma display in printers, 953–954
incremental backups, 478
indexes, package, 527
Indexing Options applet, 390–391
industrial control systems (ICSs), 759
industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio bands, 701
industry standard architecture (ISA) for CPUs, 72
infiltration in social engineering attacks, 977
Information event levels in Event Viewer, 408
information gathering
scripts, 533
social engineering attacks, 977–978
Information tab in system setup utility, 142
Infrared Data Association (IrDA) standard, 870–871
infrared for mobile devices, 870–871
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), 790–791
infrastructure of wireless networks, 698
inheritance of NTFS permissions, 437–438
init system, 463–464
initialism in monitor resolution, 608
initialization of disks, 276–277
injection attacks, 976
injectors, PoE, 696
inkjet printers
maintaining, 957–958
overview, 920–922
problems, 957–958
input devices for portable devices, 805–807
input in computing process, 30
input/output operations per second (IOPS)
SD cards, 335–336
solid-state drives, 233
input problems in portable devices, 833–834
input validation in SQL injection, 976
insider threats, 979
installation media for partitioning and formatting, 273–276
installing
applications, 533
CPUs, 85–91
device drivers, 176–178
expansion cards, 173–179
hard drives, 295–296
KVM switches, 324
LANs, wired, 664–668
mass storage, 244–248
motherboards, 184–186
NICs, 665–667
optical media, 341
power supplies, 215–216
printers and multifunction devices, 928, 936, 940–946
RAM, 118–119
software, 466–475
video, 591–592
virtual machine OS, 786–788
virtual machines, 783–784
Web browsers, 743
Windows. See Windows operating system
instruction sets for CPUs, 63, 72
insulators, 198
.int domain, 657
integer units in CPUs, 78
integers in scripts, 536
integral parts, replacing, 828–829
Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID) numbers, 862
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) drives, 234
integrated e-mail solutions, 749–750
integrated memory controllers (IMCs), 82–83
integrated print servers, 935
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), 730
integrity, 2–3
Intel 8088 CPU, 59
address bus, 70
clock speed, 64
command size, 102
EDBs, 66–67
machine language, 63
Intel chips, 72
Intel Core i7 CPUs, 74
Intel Extreme Tuning Utility (Intel XTU), 90
Intel Virtual Technology option, 142
Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT), 142
intelligent controllers for RAID, 243
interconnecting LANs, 649–650
interface IDs in IPv6 addresses, 654
interference
description, 11
EMI, 11
power lines, 204
RFI, 11
STP cable, 630
intermittent problems from power supplies, 220
intermittent shutdowns
CPUs, 92
projectors, 605
intermittent wireless connectivity, 717
internal connectors for motherboards, 169
internal networks for virtual machines, 782
International Color Consortium (ICC) color profiles, 947–948
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) numbers, 861–862
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) numbers, 862
Internet
application protocols, 739–741
browsing. See Web browsers
cable, 731
cellular, 733–734
communicating on, 749
connecting to, 735
connection concepts, 728
connectivity issues, 761–762, 906
desktop management software, 757
DSL, 730–731
e-mail, 749–751
embedded systems, 758–760
fiber, 731–732
file transfer software, 756
files, deleting, 293
introduction, 726
ISPs, 727
key terms, 770
lab projects, 772–773
latency and jitter, 764–765
mobile devices, 906
operation, 727–728
quizzes, 770–772
remote access, 752–757
remote monitoring and management, 757
review, 767–770
routers, 735–738
satellite, 734
sharing and transferring files, 757–758
slow speed issues, 764–765
TCP/IP, 728
troubleshooting, 760–766
video conferencing, 754
virtual private networks, 755–756
VoIP issues, 765–766
VoIP overview, 751–752
Wi-Fi, 732
WISP, 733
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), 657
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 652
Internet Explorer (IE), 748
Internet Information Services (IIS), 623
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
e-mail, 749
functions and ports, 741
mobile devices, 864–865
Internet of Things (IoT), 759–760
Internet Options applet, 748–749
Internet service providers (ISPs)
Internet, 728–729
LANs, 650
interpolation in monitor resolution, 608
interpreters, command-line, 496
interrupts, NMIs, 120
intrusion detection systems (IDSs), 1012–1013
intrusion prevention systems (IPSs), 1013
inventory lists, 1027
invert setting for printers, 946
inverters in LCD panels, 582
invoices, procurement, 1029
IOPS (input/output operations per second)
SD cards, 336–337
solid-state drives, 233
iOS operating system
airplane mode, 854
apps, 858–859
cellular data, 893
expansion options, 856–857
facial recognition, 900
Find My iPhone app, 847
jailbreaks, 908
Lightning standard, 869
mobile devices, 850–851
smartphones, 844
synchronization, 865
tech utility launch points, 53
tethering, 734
IoT (Internet of Things), 759–760
IP addresses
APIPA, 664
configuring, 667
DNS, 655–656
dotted-decimal notation, 650–651
filtering, 986
global unicast addresses, 655–656
Internet, 735
IPv4, 650–652
IPv6, 652–655
LANs, 649–650
NAT, 1006
routers, 735–738
subnet masks, 651–652
ip command, 660–661
iPad expansion options, 856–857
iPadOS operating system
apps, 858–859
e-mail, 863
mobile devices, 850–851
synchronization, 865
ipconfig command
cable troubleshooting, 682
Internet connectivity issues, 762
network settings, 660–661
ipconfig /all command
MAC addresses, 627
network settings, 660–661
ipconfig /flushdns command, 761
iPhones
Apple Pay, 854
cameras, 846
elements, 844
expansion options, 856–857
facial recognition, 989
Find My iPhone app, 847
hotspot mode, 734
introduction of, 844
Lightning connector, 868–869
synchronization, 865
Wi-Fi calling, 852
IPS (in-plane switching) panels
mobile devices, 845
overview, 582
portable devices, 807
IPsec encryption, 1014
IPSs (intrusion prevention systems), 1013
IrDA (Infrared Data Association) standard, 870–871
ISA (industry standard architecture) for CPUs, 72
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 730
ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) radio bands, 701
ISPs (Internet service providers)
Internet, 728–729
LANs, 650
ITX motherboards, 165–166
■ J
jacks
portable devices, 808–809
jailbreaks, 908
jams
laser printers, 961
staple, 952
JavaScript language, 532
JBOD (just a bunch of disks), 241
jitter, Internet, 764–765
joining domains, 677
joules rating for surge suppressors, 204
joysticks, 324–325
.js files, 532
just a bunch of disks (JBOD), 241