1.1 Introduction

In this chapter we set the stage for our study of embedded computing system design. In order to understand design processes, we first need to understand how and why microprocessors are used for control, user interface, signal processing, and many other tasks. The microprocessor has become so common that it is easy to forget how hard some things are to do without it.

We first review the various uses of microprocessors. We then review the major reasons why microprocessors are used in system design—delivering complex behaviors, fast design turnaround, and so on. Next, in Section 1.2, we walk through the design of an example system to understand the major steps in designing a system. Section 1.3 includes an in-depth look at techniques for specifying embedded systems—we use these specification techniques throughout the book. In Section 1.4, we use a model train controller as an example for applying these specification techniques. Section 1.5 provides a chapter-by-chapter tour of the book.