There are two different sets of techniques depending on whether you are comparing
only two categories to one another (e.g. males to females) or more than two (e.g.
New York to Chicago to Miami).
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Comparisons of two categories: For comparisons of two categories only, we usually compare using “t-tests.” I discuss
this approach in the next major section.
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Comparisons of more than two categories: We call these techniques “Analysis of Variance.” You should not use t-tests for
this scenario. Some people wonder why you cannot just compare all possible pairs of
groups via t-tests (e.g. New York to Miami, Miami to Chicago, etc.) but you cannot,
for reasons which I mention later.