The theme of this chapter is that an organization’s internal structure contributes to explaining and predicting behavior. That is, in addition to individual and group factors, the structural relationships in which people work have a bearing on employee attitudes and behavior. What’s the basis for this argument? To the degree that an organization’s structure reduces ambiguity for employees and clarifies concerns such as “What am I supposed to do?” “How am I supposed to do it?” “To whom do I report?” and “To whom do I go if I have a problem?” it shapes their attitudes and facilitates and motivates them to higher levels of performance.