While there are a lot of significant, and some not so significant, differences between Odoo Community and Odoo Enterprise, Odoo SA does provide a quick reference sheet that summarizes at a glance the differences between the two versions. You can find this quick reference at https://www.odoo.com/page/editions:

While the checklist does give you a high-level view of what the differences between the various versions of Odoo are, unfortunately there is no explanation or additional details as to what each of these features provides. To learn more, we have to take a look at the Odoo Community and Enterprise editions side by side.