Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Magnetic bearing and motor drive

1.2 Bearingless drives

1.3 Definition and related technologies

1.4 Early developments

1.5 Bearingless structures

1.6 Comparisons

1.7 Winding structures

1.8 Applications

Chapter 2: Electro-magnetics and mathematical model of magnetic bearings

2.1 Electro-mechanical structure and operating principles

2.2 Electric equivalent circuit and inductance

2.3 Stored magnetic energy and force

2.4 Radial magnetic bearing

2.5 Unbalance pull force

2.6 Block diagram and mechanical system

Chapter 3: Magnetic bearing controllers

3.1 Design principles in one-axis magnetic suspension

3.2 Adjustment of PID gains

3.3 Interference in two perpendicular axes

3.4 Unbalance force and elimination

3.5 Eccentric displacement

3.6 Synchronized displacement suppression

Chapter 4: Mechanical dynamics

4.1 Two-axis system

4.2 Four-axis and five-axis systems

4.3 Thrust magnetic bearing and requirement of five-axis suspension

Chapter 5: Power electronic circuits for magnetic bearings

5.1 Structure and principles of power electronic circuits

5.2 PWM operation

5.3 Current feedback

5.4 Current driver operating area

5.5 Power devices and gate drive circuits

Chapter 6: Primitive model and control strategy of bearingless motors

6.1 Principles of radial force generation

6.2 Two-pole bearingless motor

6.3 MMF and permeance

6.4 Magnetic potential and flux distribution

6.5 Inductance matrix

6.6 Radial force and current

6.7 The dc excitation of the primitive bearingless motor

6.8 AC excitation and revolving magnetic field

6.9 Inductance measurements

Chapter 7: Analysis in rotational coordinates and magnetic suspension strategy for bearingless drives with 2-pole and 4-pole windings

7.1 Vector control theory of electrical motors

7.2 Coordinate transformation and torque regulation

7.3 Vector control theory in bearingless motors

7.4 Coordinate transformation from dc to ac bearingless machines

7.5 System block diagrams of bearingless machines

Chapter 8: Field orientation, VA requirement and magnetic saturation

8.1 Misalignment of field orientation

8.2 VA requirement

8.3 Magnetic saturation

Chapter 9: Cylindrical permanent magnet synchronous bearingless motors

9.1 Structure of surface permanent magnet (SPM) rotor

9.2 Radial suspension force and suspension winding current

9.3 Equations of voltage and current

9.4 Guideline for permanent magnet thickness and airgap length

9.5 Irreversible permanent magnet demagnetization and MMF limitations of stator windings

9.6 Control system configuration

Chapter 10: Inset types of permanent magnet bearingless motor

10.1 Structure and features of an inset type of permanent magnet rotor

10.2 Mutual interference between radial suspension forces

10.3 Rotor position control strategy

10.4 Identification of suspension force parameters

Chapter 11: Buried permanent magnet bearingless motors

11.1 BPM rotor structures

11.2 Suspension force for unity current and permanent magnet demagnetization

11.3 Rotor position control strategy

Chapter 12: Synchronous reluctance bearingless motors

12.1 Torque characteristics

12.2 Radial force characteristics

12.3 Drive systems

Chapter 13: Bearingless induction motors

13.1 Rotor structure and suspension force

13.2 Indirect type drives

13.3 Direct type drives

13.4 Two-pole motor drive

Chapter 14: Homopolar, hybrid and consequent-pole bearingless motors

14.1 Structures and principles

14.2 Number of poles

14.3 Drive systems

Chapter 15: Switched reluctance bearingless motors

15.1 Configuration of stator windings and principles of suspension force generation

15.2 Derivation of inductances

15.3 Assumption and calculation of permeances

15.4 Theoretical formulae of suspension force and torque

15.5 A drive system

15.6 A feed-forward compensator for vibration reduction considering magnetic attraction force

Chapter 16: Winding arrangement variations

16.1 Modified radial magnetic bearings [1,2]

16.2 Modified motors [3–5]

16.3 p-Pole and (p ± 2)-pole windings [9–11]

Chapter 17: Mechanical structure and position regulation

17.1 Mechanical structure

17.2 Axial gap bearingless motors

Chapter 18: Displacement sensors and sensorless operation

18.1 Principles of displacement sensor

18.2 Improvements in sensitivity

18.3 Inductive and eddy current sensors

18.4 Sensorless bearingless motor

Chapter 19: Controllers and power electronics

19.1 Structure of digital controllers

19.2 Discrete-time systems of PID controllers with the z-transform

Chapter 20: Design procedure and examples

20.1 An induction type bearingless motor [1–4]

20.2 A permanent magnet type bearingless motor [5,6]

Chapter 21: Applications and test machines

21.1 Canned pumps and drives [1–4]

21.2 Compact pumps, bubble bed reactor

21.3 Spindle motor and semiconductor processing

Index

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