To configure the setting for Active Directory, you'll need to obtain the domain GUID for each Active Directory domain that you want to allow. Follow these steps to do so:

1. From a domain member computer with the Active Directory Remote Server Administration Tools installed, run the following command: 

Get-ADDomain -Identity <domain> | Select-Object ObjectGUID

2. Copy the value that's displayed.
3. Navigate to the OneDrive for Business Admin Center (https://admin.onedrive.com) and select Sync.
4. Select the checkbox for Allow syncing only on PCs joined to specific domains.
5. Enter the value that you obtained in step 2. This can be seen in the following screenshot:

6. Optionally, select the Block sync on Mac OS checkbox if you want to block Mac computers from being able to synchronize. 
7. Click Save.

Computers that are not members of the specified domains will be unable to synchronize with OneDrive for Business and will receive the following error instead:

If this setting is configured and a computer that was previously synchronizing is not a member of one of the specified domains, they will stop synchronizing. Any existing files on the end user workstation will be maintained, but no new changes between the OneDrive for Business site and the local workstation will be maintained.