Index
- Where a topic is referenced by more than one page then bold type indicates the page(s) of greater significance. Where ‘ff’ appears after a page number it means there is a page or a number of pages following where the topic also appears.
- a
- absenteeism 299, 358
- absolute encoder 231
- absorption costing 323ff
- acceleration (measurement) 231
- accidents 357ff, 362ff
- accounting 313
- accuracy (metrology) 278, 343ff
- accuracy (reprogrammable equipment) 243, 244
- acetone 185
- acetylene 129, 199ff
- acoustic mufflers 373
- acrylic 35, 80, 81, 98, 161, 209
- action limits 350
- activity sampling 298, 306, 309
- actuator 36, 224, 227ff, 380, 381
- additive manufacturing 159ff
- adhesive bonding 165, 196, 208ff
- adhesives 192ff
- aerospace industry 29
- aesthetic appeal 38ff
- Airbus 3, 4, 7, 29
- airlock 187
- air pressure differential 187
- air speed 28, 373, 374
- air temperature 373, 374
- aisles 270
- allowances (Time Study) 297, 298, 306, 307, 308ff
- alloy(s) 76ff, 115ff, 198ff
- alumina 96
- aluminium alloys 72, 77, 113, 185, 204
- aluminium contacts 182
- aluminium foil 136, 373
- aluminium production 96ff
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 42
- American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 333
- amorphous structure 73
- analogue devices 229
- analogue display 368, 369
- analytical estimating 306
- anemometer 373
- angular displacement 229, 231
- annealing 73, 75, 78, 133
- anodising 177
- anthropometry 365, 366ff
- antimony 13, 198
- apportionment of costs 324
- Archimedean screw 147
- arc welding 176, 201ff, 238, 239, 254, 363
- argon 167, 204
- Articles of Association 61
- articulated robot 236, 237
- artificial vision systems 193
- artisans 14
- asbestos 247, 361
- assembly 152, 186, 191, 195ff, 291ff
- assembly charts 275
- assembly in automation 220ff
- assembly in design 38ff
- assembly in electronics manufacture 181ff
- assembly in history 22ff
- assembly in human factors 358ff
- assembly in industries 29ff
- assembly in metrology 341ff
- atomic arrangement 73
- atomic bonding 72
- atomisation 174
- augmented reality (AR) 37ff, 380ff
- automated guided vehicles (AGVs) 56, 233, 235, 243ff, 254, 270, 382
- automatic assembly 49, 190ff
- automatic control 17, 217, 233ff
- automatic factory 23
- automatic inspection 219, 334, 382
- automatic lathe 21
- automation 7, 16, 23, 24, 30ff, 66, 215ff, 317, 334, 384
- automotive industry 8, 27, 28, 30, 35, 159
- A‐weighting 371
- axes (robot) 235ff
- axial load 84
- axial lead (electronic component) 190
- b
- Babbage, Charles 21
- bandoliers 190
- bandsaw 115
- bar code 189, 246
- basic oxygen process 93
- basic time 307ff
- batch production 64, 65ff, 220, 268, 292
- bauxite 96
- Bedeaux, Charles 297
- belt conveyor 225
- bending 133, 141ff, 213
- benzene 116
- Bessemer 93
- beverage industry 34
- billet 97, 133ff
- bill of materials 282ff
- binary image 256ff
- Binder Jetting (3D printing) 165
- blanking 133, 141, 142ff, 213
- blast furnace 91ff, 269
- blister copper 96
- blister tapes 190
- blow holes 112
- blow moulding 147, 148ff
- blown film process 150
- blows 112
- blue sky research 41
- board of directors 61ff
- body centred cubic lattice 73
- bog ore 14
- bolted joints 195
- Boothroyd 50
- boredom 358
- boring (machining) 16, 121, 124
- bornite 95
- bottlenecks 291
- boule 184
- bowl feeder 33, 231ff
- brainstorming 43
- brain wheels 21
- Bramah, Joseph 17
- brass 16, 77, 78, 141, 172, 174
- brazing 196, 198
- break even charts 318
- briquetting 174
- British Standard Performance 307
- British Standards Institute (BSI) 42
- bronze 13, 16, 71, 78, 174
- Bronze Age 13ff
- Brunel, Marc Isambard 18
- brushless motor 227, 229, 231, 249
- bulk deformation 133
- bureaucratic structure 60
- butt joints and welds 199ff
- butt welded pipe 175
- c
- cadmium sulfide 183
- cage 248ff, 363
- calendering 149
- calibration 336, 343, 345, 380
- cams 21, 66, 223ff
- canal network 16
- capacity 92, 94, 143, 153, 287ff, 311, 317ff, 383
- capacity requirements planning (CRP) 285ff
- capillary action 198
- capital allowance 322
- capitalist 15, 316
- capital productivity 315
- CAPP (Computer Aided process Planning) 276
- cap screw 195, 197
- carbon 71, 76ff, 79, 80, 82, 83, 91ff, 96, 98, 175, 182, 183
- carbon brushes 227
- carbon dioxide 34, 96, 130, 203
- carbon fibre 72, 83, 130, 169
- carbon monoxide 92, 96
- carbon steel 84ff 119, 120, 200
- carburising 78, 201
- cartesian robot 237, 238
- Cartwright, Edmund 16
- cash flow 290, 316, 320ff
- castability 211, 212
- castellated nut 195, 197
- casting 13, 14, 45, 64, 92, 97, 103ff
- cast iron 16, 72, 76, 77, 92, 122, 143, 201, 204
- catalyst 98
- catalytic converter 82
- causes of accidents 362
- caustic soda 96
- Cave Automated Virtual Environment (CAVE) 380
- cavity layout (plastic moulds) 154
- cellular layout 267ff, 292
- cement 72
- central processing unit (CPU) 232
- centre drill 127, 128
- centre lathe 67, 122, 127
- centrifugal casting 107, 176
- centrifugal governor 16
- ceramics 71, 72, 79, 82, 159, 164, 165, 213
- ceramic tool 119
- chalconite 95
- changeover times 292
- chaos theory 289
- charcoal filters 187
- charpy test 87
- chatter (tool) 118, 123, 124, 126
- chemical machining 172
- chemical vapour deposition 185
- chip removal (in cutting) 116
- chlorine 80
- chromium 74, 77, 177
- chronocyclegraphs 301
- chuck 123, 127, 207
- Cincinnati Milacron 23
- cladding 166, 206
- classification and coding (of parts) 267, 270
- classification of industries 27
- classification of materials 72
- clay 12, 13, 82, 106, 107
- cleanliness 361, 363
- clean rooms 186
- clearance fits 342
- closed impression die forging 137, 212
- closed loop control 233, 234
- closed loop MRP 287
- closed loop system (ergonomics) 364
- clothing industry 34, 38
- cloud (in computing) 9, 289, 382
- cobalt 119, 175
- codes of practice 359, 364
- coding of parts 267
- cogging mill 134ff
- coiler 136
- coke 16, 91, 94, 183
- cold chamber process 110
- cold shuts 112
- cold working 73ff, 78, 79, 133, 134
- collet 123
- colour coding 368
- Colt, Samuel 18
- combination acts 19
- combination tool 144
- Comet (ship) 19
- comfort 20, 362, 366, 367, 369, 373ff
- commission system 15
- communication (machine) 240, 243, 255, 334
- communication (technologies) 24, 181, 381ff
- comparative estimating 306
- comparator 345, 346
- comparison (in metrology) 345
- competitive advantage 47
- component configurations (electronic) 190
- component delivery packages 191
- composites 71, 79, 83, 195
- composition of manufacturing costs 313ff
- compressed air 148, 150, 177, 226ff, 270
- compression 84, 208, 209
- compressive strength 85, 124, 211
- computer aided design (CAD) 34, 37, 159, 217
- computer aided process planning (CAPP) 276
- computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) 218
- computer numerical control (CNC) 235, 243
- concept design 40, 41, 43, 45
- concrete 122, 137, 173
- concurrent engineering 57ff, 265
- conductivity (electrical) 72, 77, 81, 83, 95, 175, 211
- conductivity (thermal) 72, 81, 121, 211
- conformance 42, 56, 331, 333, 336
- constraining resources 290
- constraints 57, 155, 236, 266, 290ff
- consumer 20, 30, 37, 44, 46, 159, 283, 329, 330, 382, 384
- consumer durables 283
- consumer goods 313, 366, 382
- continuous casting 64, 94, 97, 104ff, 134, 269
- contribution (economic) 53, 319
- control charts 350, 351
- control elements (ergonomics) 367ff
- control of substances hazardous to health regulations 359
- conventions (control and display) 369
- converter 95, 96
- conveyors 22, 35, 134, 151, 225, 245, 262, 270, 292
- coordinate measuring machine (CMM) 345, 346
- cope (casting) 106
- copper 13ff, 71ff, 77, 95ff, 172ff, 187ff, 198ff, 374
- copper chloride 189
- copper pyrites 95
- core (casting) 106, 107
- corporate goal 53
- corporation tax 322
- cost analysis 323
- cost centres 324
- cost distribution 313
- cost elements 324
- cost of accidents 362
- cost of labour 219
- cost of quality 335
- cost per unit 64, 218, 220, 319, 320
- costs for decision making 315, 319
- cost variances 324
- cotton gin 17
- counterbore 128, 129
- countersink 127, 128
- covalent bond 72
- creation of wealth 53
- Critical Path Analysis (CPA) 271ff
- cropping 141, 142
- cryolite 96
- crystal growing (electronics) 183ff
- crystal structure 73, 74, 182
- cubic boron nitride 119
- cupola 92
- customer 329ff
- cutting 77, 82, 115ff, 174ff, 199, 243
- cutting tool 116ff
- cutting torches 129
- cyanoacrylates 196, 209
- cyclegraphs 300
- cylindrical components 124
- Czochralski process 184
- d
- Daily Personal Noise Exposure 372
- Darby, Abraham 16
- Days at the Factories (by George Dodd) 20
- dB(A) 371, 372
- DCF see discounted cash flow (DCF)
- deburring 189
- deceleration (measurement) 231
- decibels (dB) 371
- decision matrix 266, 267
- dedicated automation 217
- dedicated equipment 66
- defects in castings 112
- deformation processes 133ff
- degrees of freedom 116, 130, 166, 236
- delta robot 236, 237
- departmental performance 310, 311
- depreciation 314, 317, 318, 322
- depth of cut 118–120
- Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) 16, 47ff, 50, 265
- design of plastic components 155
- design process 37–39, 40ff, 217
- detail design 41, 43ff, 58
- Dewhurst 50
- die (electronics manufacture) 185, 186
- die (extrusion) 138, 139, 147, 148
- die (forging) 136, 137
- die (presswork) 141, 142, 143
- die casting 103, 110ff
- die cavity (plastics) 152
- dielectric fluid 171
- differential costing 318ff
- diffusion welding 206
- digital devices 229
- digital display 368
- digital micromirror device (DMD) 162
- digital optical encoder 229
- dimensional control 110, 133, 134
- dimensional tolerancing 342
- diode configuration 182
- direct cost 299, 318, 323, 324
- Directed Energy Deposition 167
- direct extrusion 139, 176
- direct numerical control (DNC) 243
- discounted cash flow (DCF) 321, 323
- displays 359, 365ff, 368ff, 380ff
- disposable tool inserts 119
- Distributed Numerical Control (DNC)
- division of labour 15, 16, 20, 22, 60, 358
- Dodd, George 20
- dopant diffusion 184, 185
- dopants 182
- down milling 126
- draft 105, 108, 156
- drag 106, 107
- drawing (in presswork) 133, 141ff
- drill 128
- drilling machine 126ff
- drilling of PCBs 188, 189
- drill jig 126
- drop hammer 136
- Droplet 3D Printing 164
- drum cams 21
- dry oxidation 185
- dry sand 105
- dual in line package (DIP) 186, 191
- ductility 73ff, 87, 103, 120, 133ff, 145, 212
- e
- ear protection zones 372
- ear protectors 372
- Economic Batch Quantities (EBQs) 64
- economic wealth 5
- edge preparation 199
- edge tape 190
- electric arc furnace 93, 94, 183
- electric motors 21, 47, 141, 224, 225, 227ff, 269
- electrochemical machining (ECM) 172
- electrocoating 178
- electrodischarge machining (EDM) 171
- electrolysis 172
- electrolyte 96, 172, 177
- electrolytic reduction cell 96
- electrolytic refining 96
- electromagnets 227
- electron beams 184
- electronic control 22, 23, 227
- electronics industry 32
- electronics manufacture 181ff
- electroplating 177, 187
- emergency stop button 248, 249
- end milling 125, 348
- endothermic cutting 129
- ENIAC 181
- epoxy 83, 122, 161, 173, 188, 209
- equivalent continuous sound level 372
- ergonomics 28, 42, 45, 357, 362, 364ff
- Erlicher, H. 50
- estimating 298, 306, 308, 309, 320
- etchant solution 184, 185
- etching 150, 172, 183–185, 187–189
- ethylene 22, 79ff, 82, 98ff
- exothermic cutting 129
- explosive forming 173
- exports 8
- extrusion 97, 103, 176, 211, 213, 348
- extrusion (additive manufacturing) 162ff
- extrusion (metal) 138ff
- extrusion (plastics) 147ff
- eye strain 370
- Factories Act 247, 359
- factory automation 235
- factory manager 59ff, 62
- factory system 15ff
- families of parts 267, 269ff
- fatigue resistance 77, 83, 87ff
- feedback 227, 228, 233, 239, 240, 287, 289, 309, 330
- feedback devices 227, 229ff
- feed rate 118ff, 149, 205, 348
- Ferranti 23
- ferric chloride 189
- ferrous metals production 91ff
- fibreglass 361
- fibre optic cable 381
- filing 17, 115ff
- filler rod 119, 203
- filters 98, 175, 186, 187, 361
- final specification 55
- financial incentives 266ff
- finishing processes 176ff
- fins (casting defect) 112
- fire precautions 364
- fixed costs 317ff
- fixed position plant layout 267, 268
- fixture 49, 127, 238, 276
- flash (in forging) 136, 137, 156
- flint tools 12
- float (in planning) 273ff
- flotation process 95
- flow of work 65, 219, 281, 293
- flow process chart 275, 300
- flow solder process 192
- fluorospar 93
- flux 93, 95, 192, 197, 198, 202
- flux (luminous) 370
- flux cored arc welding 202
- flying saw 147, 148, 176
- flying shuttle 16
- foam plastics 98
- focused factory 291ff, 317
- foil 133ff, 149, 168, 182, 187, 188, 207, 373
- food processing industry 28, 33, 65, 77, 221, 253
- Ford, Henry 22, 46
- foreign investment 266
- forging 6, 16, 76, 97, 103, 136ff, 176, 211–213, 348, 379
- formability 74, 211
- form cutters 124
- forming a surface 120
- forms of material supply 97
- forward planning 310
- Fourth Industrial Revolution 25, 379
- fractional distillation 98, 183
- fractionating column 98, 99, 269
- frame store 255, 257
- friction welding 207
- fuel gas 129, 199, 200
- full mould process 108
- functional plant layout 267, 269
- Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 162
- fusion welding 195, 199, 206
- g
- gallium arsenide 183
- gang drilling 127
- Gantt chart 271ff
- gap press 142
- gas metal arc welding 203
- gas tungsten arc welding 196, 203ff
- gas welding 199ff
- gating system (plastics) 112, 153
- gauge blocks (slip gauges) 346
- gauges 335, 345, 347
- gauging (in metrology) 253, 345, 347
- General Electric Company 22
- general purpose equipment 66, 67
- generating a surface 120
- Geneva mechanism 223ff
- Giddings and Lewis machine Tool Company 23
- Gilbreth, Frank and Lillian 22, 297, 301, 305
- glare 370
- globe thermometer 373
- gold plated 188, 189
- Goldratt, E. 290
- grain boundary 73
- grain flow 136
- grain formation 73
- grain growth 75, 78
- grain structure 74ff, 108, 111, 133, 134, 136, 166
- granite‐epoxy composite 122
- grants 266, 321, 322
- green issues 38
- green sand 105–107
- grey levels (machine vision) 257
- grippers 224
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 5
- Gross National Income (GNI) 5
- group technology 267, 270, 292
- guards 82, 248, 361, 363
- h
- hacksaw 115
- haematite 91
- hammer forging 137
- haptic gloves 380
- hard automation 66, 217ff, 218, 220, 221
- hardenability 75, 77
- hardening 73, 76, 78, 79, 120, 133
- hardness 13, 71, 75–78, 80–83, 86, 342
- Hargreaves, James 16
- head mounted display (HMD) 38, 380
- health and safety 36, 219, 247, 357, 358ff, 364
- Health and Safety at Work Act 247
- Health and Safety Executive (HSE) 247, 359, 360
- hearing 362, 371, 372, 381
- hearing defenders 373
- hearing loss 371, 372
- heating and ventilation 369, 373ff
- heat treatment 75, 78ff, 212
- helium 204, 344
- hexagonal close packed lattice 73, 74
- hierarchy of objectives 59
- high carbon steel 77–79, 119, 121
- high energy rate forming 173
- high speed steel 77, 115, 119
- historical costs 324ff
- Hittites 14
- Hooke's Law 84
- horizontal milling 126
- hot chamber process 110, 111
- hot tears (casting defect) 112
- hot top (casting) 104
- hot working 73, 104, 133, 134, 176
- household appliances industry 32
- human development index (HDI) 5
- human engineering 364
- human error 359, 362
- human factors 357ff
- human factors engineering 364
- hydraulic devices 226, 227
- hydraulic fluid 227
- hydraulic press (early) 17
- hydrocarbon 98
- hydrochloric acid 189
- hydrodynamic jet machining 173
- hydro‐electricity 96
- i
- identification (electronics manufacture) 189, 191
- identification (machine vision) 253ff, 259, 290, 291
- identification (market) 40, 41, 50, 54
- identification (quality costs) 335
- identification (resources) 290, 291
- identification (risk) 359
- impact resistance 77, 82, 87
- imports 8
- incentives 53, 266, 267, 321, 322
- inclusions (defect) 112, 120, 121, 137
- incremental design 40
- incremental encoder 231
- indexable inserts 119
- indexable toolholder 123
- indexing mechanism 223, 224
- indirect cost 299, 318, 324
- indirect extrusion 139
- indirect workers 310
- industrial engineer 60–62
- industrial engineering manager 61
- industrial relations 63, 374
- industrial revolution 15, 16, 19, 22, 23, 25, 217, 342, 379
- industrial robot 23, 217ff, 235ff, 254ff, 361
- industrial robot safety 247ff, 362
- Indus valley 13
- ineffective time 306
- inert atmosphere 198
- infrared reflow solder 192
- ingots 6, 94, 103ff, 134, 135, 175
- injection moulding 149, 211–213, 238, 275, 151ff
- injection moulding (design for) 155ff
- inorganic materials 71
- inspection 18, 219ff, 253ff, 331ff, 341ff, 382
- inspection probes 223, 224
- inspection stylus 348, 349
- integrated circuit 7, 23, 32, 172, 181, 183, 184ff, 190
- integrated steel plant 94, 104, 134
- interchangeability 17, 18, 20, 65, 342
- interfacing 232, 240, 255, 256
- interference fit 342
- Interferometer 344ff
- interlocked (gates, guards and fences) 247, 363
- internal combustion engine 21, 39
- international standards office 42, 285, 333
- Internet 9, 24, 32, 289, 379, 382ff
- Internet of Things (IoT) 25, 379, 382ff
- inventory 56, 218, 282ff, 285ff, 290ff, 313
- inventory levels 283
- inventory pulling 293
- inventory pushing 293
- inventory turnover ratio 283
- investment appraisal 220, 320ff
- investment casting 109ff, 113, 162
- iron 6, 14ff, 71ff, 91ff, 103ff
- iron age 13, 14ff
- iron oxide 92, 106
- ISO 9000, 333
- isoprene 98
- izod impact test 88
- j
- Jacquard, Joseph Marie 17
- Jacquard loom 18
- jobbing production 64, 66, 67
- job satisfaction 357ff
- joining processes 195ff
- joints (adhesive) 208, 209
- joints (bolted) 195
- joints (brazed) 198
- joints (soldered) 197ff
- joints (welded) 195, 199ff
- joysticks 369
- Just in Time manufacture (JIT) 47, 56, 265, 291ff
- l
- labour control 310ff
- labour productivity 219, 315, 358
- labour rates 218, 220, 222, 266, 317, 325, 383
- labour reporting data 284
- labour turnover 219, 299, 358
- Laminated Object Manufacture (LOM) 168
- large scale integrated circuit 23
- laser cutting 130
- Laser Metal Deposition 167
- Latex 79, 98
- lathe 14, 17, 21, 121ff, 126ff, 243, 348, 367
- leaded components 190ff
- lead time 30, 32, 43, 58, 159, 220, 286ff, 291, 382, 383
- legal costs 362
- legislation 219, 359
- Leonardo da Vinci 15, 21
- Leq(in noise exposure) 372
- life cycle 5, 28, 32, 39ff, 50, 217, 222, 235
- life expectancy (of product) 42
- light curtain 247, 248, 363
- light emitting diode (led) 183, 231, 363, 381
- lighting 19, 22, 257, 259ff, 270, 318, 362, 369, 370ff
- light interference 344
- light meters 370
- lime 93
- limestone 91, 92, 94
- limits and fits 342
- limit switch 152, 225ff
- limonite 91
- linear indexing 224
- linear transfer system 224, 225
- line layout 269, 292
- line production 22
- lithium 77
- locking compounds 209
- loom 12, 16–18
- lost wax process (investment casting) 109
- loudness 371
- low carbon steel 77, 84, 85, 120
- Luddites 19
- m
- machinability 117, 120, 120ff, 211, 212
- machine tools 35, 65, 121ff, 240ff, 270, 292
- machine utilisation 284
- machining 116ff
- machining centre 121, 243, 270, 371
- magnetite 91
- maintenance 42, 49, 219, 227, 248, 299
- make or buy decision 316ff
- Management by Objectives (MBO) 57, 290
- Management Information Systems, (MIS) 218, 281
- managing director 60–62
- manufacturability 45, 211
- manufacturing costs 62, 293, 313ff
- Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRPII) 265, 285, 288ff
- marginal costing 318ff, 322
- marginal investment rate 321, 322
- market economy 4
- marketing 6, 27, 39, 54, 63, 290, 314
- market need 40, 41, 43, 318
- market share 40, 57, 59, 338
- masks (clean rooms) 187
- masks (electronics manufacture) 185
- Maslow, Abraham 357
- Maslow scale 357, 358
- mass production 3, 14, 17, 20, 22, 30, 64ff, 221, 268ff, 342, 379
- Master Production Schedule 282, 285, 288, 292
- Material Extrusion (in additive manufacturing) 162
- material flow 267, 270
- material handling 47, 49, 243, 270, 292, 361
- Material Jetting (Droplet 3D Printing),164
- material productivity 315
- Material Requirements Planning (MRP) 285ff, 290
- material scheduling 286
- materials and chemicals industry 35
- material selection 58, 211ff
- Maudsley, Henry 17, 18
- measurement (in metrology) 345
- memo‐motion (time‐lapse) photography 300
- Memorandum of Association 61
- Metal Inert Gas welding (MIG) 203
- metal inserts 155
- metallic bond 72, 82
- metal vapour deposition 185
- meteorites 14
- Methods Time Measurement (MTM) 309
- method study 21, 56, 270, 292, 297, 298, 299ff
- metre (defined) 344
- metrology 341, 342ff
- micrometer 343, 345, 346
- micromotion study 301
- microprocessor 7, 23, 32, 181, 217, 232, 233, 243
- micro‐switch 226, 228
- Middle Ages 14
- mild steel 49, 72, 77, 199, 206
- Miles, L.D. 50
- milling 23, 46, 116, 121, 124ff, 171, 213, 243, 347, 348
- miniaturisation 187
- minimum profitability criterion 321
- misruns (casting defect) 112
- Model T (Ford) 46
- modularisation 46, 47ff, 65
- module 8, 31, 32, 292
- molecular structure 73, 80, 155
- molybdenum 77, 175
- monomer 79, 80, 98
- motion and time study 297
- multiple activity charts 300
- multiple dies 141
- multiple spindle screw machine 124
- multiple stage press tool 143
- multiplier effects (economic) 7
- Multitasking Machines (MTMs) 243, 245
- n
- naphthas 98
- National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) 343
- needle file 115
- negative resist 184
- Neolithic period 12
- Net Present Value (NPV) 321ff
- Net Profit (NP) 290
- network planning 273
- networks 24, 61, 382
- Newcomen, Thomas 16
- New Stone Age 12ff
- noise 113, 204, 247, 362, 369, 371ff
- noise assessment 372
- noise at work regulations 372
- non‐ferrous metals 71, 72, 95ff, 105, 119, 129, 130
- non‐standard components (electronics) 190
- non‐transferred arc (plasma arc welding) 204
- normal distribution curve 350, 351
- numerically controlled (NC) machine tool 23, 66, 227, 270, 276
- nylon 35, 80, 82, 98, 169, 197, 213
- o
- off‐line programming 240, 242, 243
- Olds Motor Works 22
- on‐line programming 240, 242
- On the Economy of Machines and Manufactures (by Charles Babbage) 22
- open hearth furnace 93
- open loop control 233
- operation layouts 282
- operation layout sheets 277, 278
- operator performance 310, 311
- optical shaft encoder 229, 230
- Optimised Production Technology (OPT) 265
- optimum quality level 336
- organic materials 71
- organic molecules 79, 80
- organisation chart 60ff
- organisation for quality 331
- orientation of components 258
- orthogonal cutting 116
- overall performance 310, 311
- overall productivity 314, 315
- oxidation 129, 130, 134, 166, 167, 177, 183, 184ff, 202
- oxyacetylene welding 199, 201
- oxyfuel cutting 120
- p
- packaging 6, 38, 43, 236
- packaging (of integrated circuits) 183, 185ff
- painting 81, 162, 178, 219, 240, 371
- parallax error 368, 369
- Pareto analysis 338
- Parsons, J.T. 23
- parting off 121, 123, 124, 277, 305
- patents 43, 63
- path control 233
- pattern 105, 106ff, 149, 150, 162, 169
- pawl linear transfer 224, 225
- payback period 320
- Payment by results (PBR) 311
- Perronet, Jean R. 21
- pharmaceutical industry 6, 33, 35, 223, 235, 236, 383
- photolithography 183, 184ff, 189
- photoresist 183–185, 188
- photosensors 231, 363
- pick and place devices 192, 223
- pickling 177
- piercing and blanking tool 142, 143
- pig iron 20, 91ff
- pipe and tube manufacture 175
- planetary rolling mill 135, 136
- planning 265, 270, 275, 285, 288, 289, 311
- plant layout 45, 67, 267ff, 300
- plant location 265ff
- plasma arc cutting 129
- plasma arc welding 204
- plasticiser 80, 151
- plastics (component design) 155ff
- plastics (materials) 79ff
- plastics (primary production) 98ff
- plastics (processing technologies) 147ff
- pneumatic 82, 112, 205, 224, 225, 226ff, 238, 363
- point to point control 240
- pollution 5, 36, 38
- polyethylene 22, 80, 82, 98
- polymerisation 99, 100, 160
- polymerisation (stereolithography) 161
- porosity 103, 111, 112
- potentiometer 182, 187, 229ff, 239
- Powder Bed Fusion (Selective Laser Sintering) 165
- powdered metal processes 174ff
- precedence relationships 273
- precipitation hardening 79
- precision 45, 116ff, 159, 278, 341ff, 350
- precision (cost) 335
- precision (reprogrammable equipment) 242ff
- press forging 137, 138
- press tool 35, 77, 141ff
- pressure sensitive safety mat 247
- pressworking 141ff
- prevention of accidents 362ff
- primary deformation 133
- primary industries 6, 12, 91
- principles of motion economy 297
- prismatic components 124
- process capability 320, 330, 341, 350
- process charts 275, 300
- process layout 269
- process planning 265, 269, 275ff
- process selection 211ff
- producer goods industry 28, 35
- Product Design Specification (PDS) 40, 41ff
- production control 55, 62, 65, 267, 281ff
- production planning 61, 62, 265ff
- production schedule 282ff, 288, 290ff, 383
- product layout 269
- product liability 32
- product life cycle 32, 39ff
- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) 232ff
- programming, 240ff 258
- projection welding 206
- project planning 270ff
- properties of materials 71, 83ff
- psychological factors 298, 357
- Pugh, Stuart 50
- Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 227
- q
- qualitative displays 368
- quality 329ff
- quality assurance 331ff, 382, 383
- quality awareness 55, 331, 338
- quality control 28, 36, 63, 82, 219, 254, 331, 334, 341ff
- quality control (statistical) 219, 311, 349ff, 382, 383
- quality costs 335ff
- quality manual 333, 336
- quality of life 5, 15, 53, 384
- quality records 284, 334
- quality standards 317, 330, 331, 333, 336, 341
- quantitative displays 368
- quantum tunnelling 181
- quenching 14, 75, 78
- quick change tooling 292
- r
- radial components 191
- random plant layout 267
- rating 307ff
- reamer 128, 129
- recrystallisation 73ff, 78, 133, 134, 212
- recyclability 53
- recycle 38, 94
- reduction process 92, 96
- redundancy (in design) 46
- reflow solder 192
- relative humidity 374
- relative precision index (RPI) 350
- remanufacture 53, 58
- Renaissance period 14
- repeatability (reprogrammable equipment) 243, 244
- representational displays 369
- reprogrammable automation 235ff
- reprogrammable equipment 240, 242ff, 292, 363
- research and development 5, 6, 33, 35, 40, 41, 44, 71
- residual value 322, 323
- resistance welding 199, 205ff
- return on investment (ROI) 53, 111, 290, 321
- reverberatory furnace 95
- risk (financial) 315ff, 320–322
- risk assessment (safety) 359ff, 371, 372
- riveting 195, 197, 372
- robot configurations 237
- Rockwell hardness test 87
- roller tinning 189
- rolling 15, 76, 94, 97, 103, 133, 134ff, 213
- Romans (early) 14, 175
- Root, Elisha 18
- rotary transfer 224
- rough cut capacity planning 287, 288
- roughness (in metrology) 347ff
- rubber 72, 79, 98, 149, 209
- Ruskin, John 5
- s
- safety 22, 247ff, 358ff, 362ff
- safety (in product design) 42
- safety equipment 232, 240, 363, 364
- safety manual 363
- safety mat 247
- safety training 363, 364
- sampling audit 289
- sand casting 105ff, 112, 113, 169
- Savery, Thomas 16
- sawing 112, 115ff, 184, 185
- scabs (casting defect) 112
- SCARA robot 236, 237
- scientific management 21
- screen printing 187, 192
- screwcutting 17, 121, 124, 223
- screw threads 18, 122, 129, 153, 154
- sealants 209
- seamless pipe 176
- secondary deformation 133
- secondary industry 15, 27, 91
- seed crystal 184
- selective assembly 341
- Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 165
- self tapping screw 195, 197
- servo control 23, 233, 234, 238, 241
- servo motors 171, 227, 229, 238
- servo valves 227, 239
- set up times 291, 292
- shaft encoder 229ff, 233, 243
- shear loading 84
- shear strength 85ff, 145
- sheet forming 133
- Sheet Lamination 168
- sheet metal 33, 35, 141, 145, 173, 206
- shell moulding 107ff
- shielded metal arc welding 201ff
- shipbuilding 28, 31f, 202, 265
- shock loads 126, 227
- shotting 174
- siderite 91
- silica 96, 106, 109
- silicon 182ff
- simulation 43, 44, 240, 242, 270, 289, 367, 369
- simultaneous engineering 57, 265
- Simultaneous Motion Cycle (SIMO) chart 301
- single point tool 116, 120
- sintering 160, 165, 166, 174
- slabbing mill 135
- slab milling 125, 348
- slip gauges 345
- slitting saws 124
- smelting 13, 14, 91
- Smith, Adam 16
- smith forging 137
- social relationships 374
- soft automation 66, 217, 218, 220, 221, 229, 235
- soldering 186, 191, 192, 196, 197ff
- solder paste 192
- solder resist 188, 189
- solenoids 227
- solid state welding 199, 206, 207
- space lattice 73
- spark erosion 171
- specialisation of labour 17, 20
- special purpose equipment 7, 65, 66, 221
- specification 41ff, 54ff, 211, 329ff, 341ff
- speed control 16, 227, 229, 231, 233, 239, 365
- speed of light (used in metrology) 344
- speedometer 365, 368
- spinning jenny 16
- spot welding 35, 66, 205ff, 221, 225, 236, 240
- spray painting 178, 219, 240, 371
- sprues 109, 152
- stainless steel 72, 77, 94, 120, 130, 172, 204, 222
- staking 197
- standard costs 306, 325
- standardisation 18, 20, 31, 36, 46ff, 65, 160, 187, 247, 267, 292, 381
- standard minutes 307
- standard of living 5
- standard performance 306ff
- standard time 287, 298, 306, 307ff
- standard unit of work 306ff
- static electricity 374
- statistical quality control (SQC) 219, 331, 349ff, 382, 383
- steam engine(s) 16, 18, 19, 122
- steel (material) 71ff
- steel (production) 93ff
- stepper motors 227, 243
- stick electrode welding 22, 202
- stick tubes 190
- Stone Age 12
- stopwatch 307, 308
- strain 40, 84ff, 105
- strain hardening 73, 76, 133
- Strategic Factors in Economic Development (by Nicholas Kaldor) 7
- stress 78, 84ff, 105, 133, 155, 172
- stress/strain diagram 85
- string diagrams 270, 300
- stripper plate 143
- structure of metals 72ff
- structure of plastics 79ff
- submerged arc welding 176, 242ff
- substances hazardous to health 359, 363
- substrate manufacture (pcbs) 187ff
- substrate material 183
- sulphur 79, 91, 93, 96, 98
- Sumerians 13, 14
- supply chain 8, 9, 28ff, 218, 289, 325, 382
- surface mounted devices 189, 190, 192
- surface texture 213, 347ff
- surface treatment 176, 225
- sweatshops 19
- synergy 43
- synthesis (in design) 43
- synthesis (in plastics) 79ff
- synthesis (in work measurement) 306
- synthetic polymers 71, 79, 98ff
- synthetic rubbers 98
- systems engineering 28
- t
- tachogenerator 229, 230, 239
- Taguchi, Genichi 50
- Taylor, F.W. 22, 297
- Taylor's Theory of Gauging 347
- teach pendant 240, 241, 249
- tee joint 200
- telepresence 381
- temperature (human factors) 362, 373ff
- tempering 78
- tensile strength 76, 82, 85ff, 119, 120, 211
- tension 55, 84, 115, 208, 209
- tertiary industry 6
- test equipment 331, 332, 335, 336
- testing (materials) 83ff
- textile industry 16, 19, 22
- theory of gauging 347
- Theory of Human Motivation 357
- therbligs 301, 304
- thermal comfort 373ff
- thermal cutting 115, 129ff
- thermal cycling 98, 193
- thermal indices 374
- thermionic valve 181
- thermometers 374
- thermoplastics 79ff, 162
- thermosetting plastics 79ff
- throughput 219, 267, 270, 290
- ticket system 19
- tier (in supply chains) 9, 28, 30, 325
- time lapse photography 300
- time study 297, 298, 306, 307ff
- Tinkertoy project 23
- titanium 72, 74, 78, 83, 95, 96, 119, 168, 175, 204
- tolerance 18, 35, 44, 46, 49, 213, 243, 341ff
- tolerance band 350, 351
- tolerancing 342
- toluene 98
- toolmaker 12, 277, 300
- tool steel 72, 77, 94
- Total Design (Pugh) 50
- total productivity 219
- Total quality management (TQM) 265
- toughened variants 196, 209
- traceability (in metrology) 343
- trade unions 19
- trading 12, 338
- training 289, 331, 336, 361ff, 380
- transferred arc 129
- transfer system 224, 225
- transistor 32, 65, 181, 182, 184, 187, 190
- transmission systems 22
- travel charts 300
- triode 181
- Tull, Jethro 15
- tumbling 112, 145, 177
- tungsten carbide 22, 77, 82, 115, 119, 174ff
- tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding 203, 204
- turning 117ff
- turret lathe 18, 123, 223
- tuyers 92, 96
- twist drill 127, 128
- v
- vacuum deposition 185
- vacuum forming 149
- value added 3, 6, 8, 283
- Value Analysis 50
- Value Engineering 50
- vanadium 74, 77
- vapour deposition 74, 77
- vapour phase soldering 192
- variable costs 317ff
- variances (costs) 325
- Vat Polymerisation (Stereolithography) 161
- veiling reflections 370
- vendor appraisal 330, 332, 333, 336
- ventilation 19, 219, 369, 373
- vertical drill press 126, 127
- vertical milling 124, 125
- very large scale integration (VLSI) 181
- vibratory bowl feeder 33, 231ff
- virtual reality 37, 38, 43, 380ff
- vision systems 25, 35, 67, 193, 217, 221, 240, 253ff, 334, 341
- volumetric imaging 381
- vulcanisation 79
- w
- wafers (electronics manufacture) 183–185
- warm working 133
- warning limits 350
- water jet cutting 115, 130
- water power 14–16
- Watt, James 16, 343
- wave soldering 191, 192, 198
- wealth and prosperity 4ff
- wealth creation 53, 379
- Wealth of Nations (by Adam Smith) 16
- weldability 211
- welded joints 195
- welding 199ff
- weld terminology 200, 201
- welfare 63, 364, 399
- wet oxidation 185
- white goods 32, 141
- Whitney, Eli 17
- Whitworth, Joseph 18
- Wight, Oliver 288
- Wilkinson, John 16
- wooden lathe 14
- work content 306, 307ff
- working capital 322, 323
- work in progress (WIP) 22, 62, 219, 243, 268ff, 282
- work measurement 21, 297, 298, 306ff
- workpiece classification 269
- work sampling 300
- works order 283ff
- workspace design 365ff
- work study 21, 22, 62, 270, 295, 297ff, 357
- World Wide Web 9, 25, 382
- wrought iron 72, 76
- y
- Young's Modulus 84
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