Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Dedication

Preface 2014

Preface 2008

Introduction, 2nd Edition

Introduction, 1st Edition

Acronyms

Notes to the Reader

About the Author

Chapter 1. Gas Turbines: An Introduction and Applications

Abstract

Gas Turbines on Land

Aeroengine Gas Turbines

Gas Turbines at Sea

Gas Turbines: Details of Individual Applications

Chapter 2. Historical Development of the Gas Turbine

Abstract

Early History of the Gas Turbines

Principles of Jet Propulsion

The Gas Turbine Global Fleet: Model Designation and Production Prognosis as of 2013–2022

Gas Turbine Global Fleet: Model Designation and Production as of May 2006

Chapter 3. Gas Turbine Configurations and Heat Cycles

Abstract

Gas Turbine Configurations

Gas Turbine Cycles: Summarized Theory and Economics

Case Study 1: An End-User/EPC Contractor’s Experience with Some of the OEMs’ Latest Gas Turbine Models in Power Generation Service

Case Study 2: An OEM's Development of a Gas Turbine The SGT6-5000F (Formerly Known as W501F) Engine

Case Study 3: Operational Experience with Large Advanced Gas Turbines in Variable Load Conditions

Appendix 3A: Steam Turbine Power Plant Theory Applicable to Combined Cycle and ‘Solo’ (as Competition to Gas Turbine Cycle) Operation

Chapter 4. Gas Turbine Major Components and Modules

Abstract

Economics Dictates Design

Gas Turbine Engine Modules

Chapter 5. Cooling and Load Bearing Systems

Abstract

Internal Air System

Lubrication

An Operator’s Perspective on Turbine Oil Selection

Chapter 6. Inlets, Exhausts, and Noise Suppression

Abstract

Gas Turbine Inlet Air Filtration

Case Study 1: A Test Case of Two- vs. Three-Phase Filtration

Gas Turbine Exhausts

Gas Turbine Noise Suppression

Sound Fundamental Concepts

Measuring Tonal Noise Sources

Case Study 2: The Use of Sound Intensity Measurement

Case Study 3: Comparison of Noise on Two Nominally Identical Production Machines

Acoustic Design of Lightweight Gas Turbine Enclosures

Chapter 7. Gas Turbine Fuel Systems and Fuels

Abstract

Basic Gas Turbine Fuel System

Gas Turbine Fuels

Fuel and Fuel Oil Properties

Unconventional Fuels

Fuel Treatment Hardware

Case Study 1: A Residual “Bunker” Fuel Case Study (Metro Manila, Limay Bataan Combined Cycle)

Case Study 2: Autoignition Characteristics of Gaseous Fuels at Representative Gas Turbine Conditions

Case Study 3: From Concept to Commercial Operation—Tri-Fuel Injector Used for LPG and Naphtha Applications

Case Study 4: Multi-Fuel Concept of the Siemens 3A-Gas Turbine Series

Case Study 5: Use of Blast Furnace Gas to Fuel 300 MW CC Plant

Case Study 6: Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel in Siemens Dle Combustors - Atmospheric and High Pressure Rig Testing

Chapter 8. Accessory Systems

Abstract

Accessory Drives

Starting and Ignition Systems

Ice Protection Systems

Hot Air System

Fire Protection Systems

Water Injection Systems

Systems Unique to Aircraft Engine Applications

Systems Unique to Land or Marine Applications

Chapter 9. Controls, Instrumentation, and Diagnostics (CID)

Abstract

System Scope and Selection for Gas Turbines

Which Parameters on What Applications

Basic Controls and Instrumentation (C&I) on GT Systems

Principles and Functions of a Control System

Components of a Control System

Aeroengine Control Systems

Marine C&I Systems

Typical C&I System, Land-Based (Power Generation)

Significant Advances in Controls Instrumentation and Diagnostics Technology

Case Study 1: A Survey of New Technologies Used by Siemens Energy for the Monitoring and Diagnosis of a Global Fleet of Power Generation Systems

Case Study 2: Pulsation Analysis: New Techniques and Their Limitations

Case Study 3: Performance and C&I System Verification with Modeling

Chapter 10. Performance, Performance Testing, and Performance Optimization

Abstract

Performance

Case Study 1: The W501G Testing and Validation in the Siemens Westinghouse Advanced Turbine Systems Program

Case Study 2: A Systems Approach to Hot Section Component Life Management

Case Study 3: Strategies for Integration of Advanced Gas and Steam Turbines in Power Generation Applications

Case Study 4: A Study on the Life Cycle Impact of Steam Injection

Case Study 5: Augmentation of Gas Turbine Power Output by Steam Injection

Case Study 6: Integrating Gas Turbines in Power and Cogeneration Applications

Case Study 7: An Integrated Combined-Cycle Plant Design that Provides Fast Start Capability at Base-Load

Case Study 8: Challenges in the Design of High Load Cycling Operation for Combined-Cycle Power Plants

Chapter 11. Gaseous Emissions and the Environment

Abstract

Gaseous Emissions

Effects of Emissions on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

Case Study 1: The Capture, Storage, and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide by Statoil

Appendix 11A: Emissions Legislation

References for Section 3.1

Emissions Permits [11-1]

Chapter 12. Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul

Abstract

Operating and Maintenance Strategies

Maintenance

Maintenance Information Systems

Audits of and Retrofits with GT Components and Systems

Changing Legislative Requirements

Retrofits Aimed at Operational Optimization

Performance Analysis

Assessing Audit Findings

Major Repair and Overhaul Case Studies

Chapter 13. Installation

Abstract

Installation of Aircraft Engines

Energy, (Power Generation), and Marine Installations

Installation of Land-Based and Marine Engines

Chapter 14. The Business of Gas Turbines

Abstract

Contemporary Business Climate

Culture

Risk

“Shifting Target” Data during Project Development, Negotiation, and New Model Introduction

Market Assessment Risk

Plant Siting

Design Development and Operational Assessment by Both OEMs and End Users

Case Study 1: Enhancing Reliability and Reducing O&M Expenditures in Advanced Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plants

Case Study 2: How Close Is the Measured Performance to the True Output and Heat Rate? The Proof Is in the Testing!

Case Study 3: Comparative Evaluation of Power Plants with Regard to Technical, Ecological and Economical Aspects

Chapter 15. Manufacturing, Materials, and Metallurgy

Abstract

Basic Manufacture

Inspection

Optimizing Gas Turbines with Manufacturing Technology

Chapter 16. Microturbines, Fuel Cells, and Hybrid Systems

Abstract

Microturbines

Fuel Cells

Applications and Case Studies

Case Study 1: Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC)

Case Study 2: PEM Fuel Cells (FCs) on Naval Submarines

Case Study 3: Microturbine in a CHP Application

Case Study 4: A Fuel Cell Application

Case Study 5: Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid Cycle Power Systems

Case Study 6: A Turbogenerator for a Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant

Chapter 17. Training and Education

Abstract

Industry Training

Case Study 1: OEM Project Application Engineers Training

Training Programs within Academia

Case Study 2: Industry Supported Multimedia Aeroengine Design Case

Case Study 3: Theoretical Calculations Compared with Actual Cogeneration Plant

Case Study 4: Undergraduate Engine Design Program

Mission Analysis

Case Study 5: Gas Turbine University Laboratory Study

Case Study 6: OEM Working with Several Universities on Gas Turbine Prototype Development

Chapter 18. Future Trends in the Gas Turbine Industry

Abstract

Some Newer Technologies

Future Business Trends

Positioning with Respect to Technology

Using Technology to Advantage

Environmental International Caucuses

OEM Changing Fortunes

End-User Associations

Distributed Power: How Large Does a Power Plant Need to Be?

The Power Mix

Chapter 19. Basic Design Theory

Abstract

Operational Envelope

Properties and Charts for Dry Air, Combustion Products, and Other Working Fluids

Case Study 1: Prediction Effects of Mass-Transfer Cooling on the Blade-Row Efficiency of Turbine Airfoils

Case Study 2: Advanced Technology Engine Supportability: Preliminary Designer’s Challenge

Chapter 20. Additional References and Appendix for Unit Conversion

Additional General References

Some Specific References

Pressure and Stress

Temperature

Index

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