Early adopters, adoption process and, 155

Early mainstream adopters, 155

Earned media, 404, 441

E-books, 487

Economic communities, 547–548

Economic environment

• channel design and, 347

• consumer buyer behavior and, 144

• defined, 79–80

• international trade and, 548–549

• marketing and, 26–27

• pricing strategies and, 299

• segmenting international markets and, 196

Education, demographic environment and, 78

Electronic data interchange (EDI), 357

Email marketing, 494–495

Emerging economies, international trade and, 548

Emoji, 499

Emotional appeal, 242, 410

Empathy, selling and, 455

Employees, service profit chain and, 235

Endorsement, message execution and, 437

End user nicher, 535

Engagement

• media, advertising and, 441

• mobile marketing, 502–503

• sales force and, 457–458

• social media marketing and, 499–500

Engaging customers

• advertising and, 398–399

• advertising media and, 440–441

• brands and, 248

• digital/social media and, 17–18, 173–175

• marketing and, 4

• Nike and, 2–4

• real-time marketing, 24–25

• See also Customer engagement

Entertainment, merging with advertising, 434–436

Entrepreneurial marketing, 526

Environment

• green retailing and, 386–387

• green supply chains, 353

• packaging and, 228

• sustainable marketing and, 575

• sustainable supply chain, 353–354

• See also Packaging

Environmental influences, on business ­buyers, 169

Environmentalism, 584–588. See also ­Sustainable marketing

Environmental responsibility, 29

Environmental sustainability, 80–81, 584–588

E-procurement, 173–174

Equipment, as capital item, 224

Esteem, brand, 240–241

E-tailers, 491, 514–515

Ethics

• marketing research and, 123–124

• misuse of data and, 124–125

• personal selling and, 418, 419

• pharmaceutical pricing and, 323–324

• socially responsible behavior and, 85, 87

• sustainable marketing and, 575, 593–596

• See also Marketing ethics

Ethnographic research, 109–110

Evaluation, adoption process and, 155

Event marketing, 476–478

Event sponsorship, 476

Everyday low pricing (EDLP), 287, 379

Exchange controls, international trade and, 546

Exchanges, relationships and, 9

Exclusive dealing, 351

Exclusive distribution, 347, 351

Exclusive territorial agreements, 352

Execution styles, of advertising messages, 437–438

Executive summary, in marketing plan, 57

Expectations, consumer, 153–154

Expense reports, 465

Experience curve, production, cost and, 290–291

Experiential retailing, 378

Experiential sources of information, buying decisions and, 152

Experimental research, primary data, 109, 110

Exploratory research, 107

Export department, 566

Exporting, 556–557

External stimuli, 152

Extranet, 120, 174