Index

Symbols and Numerics

2D drawing. See shapes; splines

2D maps

Bitmap, 469–472

Checker, 472

Combustion, 472–473

Coordinates rollout, 466–468

Gradient, 473

Gradient Ramp, 473–474

Noise rollout, 468

Output rollout, 468–469

overview, 466

Swirl, 475

Tiles, 475–476

Time rollout, 468

2D painting, 788

2D shapes. See shapes

2D splines. See splines

2.5D snap feature, 218

3D maps

Cellular, 476–477

Dent, 477

Falloff, 477–478

Marble, 478

Noise, 478–479

overview, 476

Particle Age, 479

Particle MBlur, 479

Perlin Marble, 479

Smoke, 480

Speckle, 480

Splat, 480–481

Stucco, 481

Waves, 481–482

Wood, 482

3ds Max 2012. See also user interface (UI) exiting, 88

new features and improvements to, 1203–1205

3ds Max Help system. See help resources

A

active viewport, 45

ActiveShade window, previewing with, 625–626

Adaptive Degradation system, 72–73

Adaptive Halton SuperSampling method, 456

adaptive undersampling, 1093

Adaptive Uniform SuperSampling method, 456

Add Display Filter dialog box, 180–181

Add External Event dialog box, 1192

Add Image Filter Event dialog box, 1187–1188

Add Image Input Event dialog box, 1184–1185

Add Image Output Event dialog box, 1192

Add Loop Event dialog box, 1192–1193

Add Scene Event dialog box, 1186–1187

Adobe After Effects, 1176–1177

Adobe Illustrator, 103–105

Adobe Illustrator (AI) format, 308

Adobe Photoshop, 496–497, 1174–1175

Adobe Premiere, 1175–1176

Adobe Premiere transition filter, Video Post, 1190–1191

Advanced Lighting Override material, 1103–1104

Advanced Lighting panel, Object Properties dialog box, 178, 1094–1095

Advanced Raytraced Shadows, 536

Advanced Search dialog box, 189–190

AEC objects. See architecture primitives

Affect Region modifier, 286–287

After Effects, 1176–1177

AI (Adobe Illustrator) format, 308

aiming cameras, 520–521

Align button, main toolbar, 26

Align Selection dialog box, 211

Align to Camera button, main toolbar, 26

Align to View button, main toolbar, 26

Align to View dialog box, 213

aligning

cameras, 521–523

grids, 214–216

Normal vectors, 211–212

overview, 210–211

pivot points, 207

source objects to destination objects, 236

tutorial, 212–213

using Quick Align tool, 211

vertices, 365, 400

to views, 213

Alpha compositor, 1191

altitude, Sunlight and Daylight systems, 553

Ambient Color material property, 491

Ambient color swatches, Material Editor, 430

ambient light, 534, 537

Ambient Occlusion lighting effect, 59

Angle primitive object, 312

Angle Snap Toggle button, main toolbar, 25

animation

animating objects, 580–586

background, loading, 78–79

characters with CAT

animating rigs, 977–983

character creation workflow, 967–968

creating rigs, 968–976

muscles, 985–988

overview, 967

cloning objects during specific frame of, 231–233

cloth dynamics, 1082–1086

complex controllers

overview, 866

parameter, 874–880

Position track, 867–873

Rotation and Scale track, 873–874

transform, 866–867

constraints

Attachment, 590–591

Link, 596–598

LookAt, 598–599

Orientation, 599

overview, 589

Path, 594–595

Position, 595–596

Surface, 591–593

using, 590

Walkthrough Assistant, 599–600

controllers, 600–608

Expression controller

animating materials with, 891

animating parameters with Float Expression controller, 890–891

animating transforms with, 889–890

entering in spinners, 883–884

interface, 884–889

overview, 889

ghosting feature, 578

hair dynamics, 1079–1082

keys

Auto Key mode, 568–569, 581–582

copying parameter animation keys, 571

deleting all, 571

overview, 568

Set Key mode, 569

viewing and editing key values, 573–574

layers, 847–851

loading animation sequences, 852–855

MassFX physics engine

capturing simulation motion as keys, 1075–1077

constraints, 1073–1075

dynamics, 1063–1064

establishing simulation properties, 1066–1067

object properties, setting, 1068–1072

overview, 1063–1065

process, 1065–1066

starting and stopping simulations, 1067

tutorial, 1067–1068, 1072–1073

modifiers

Attribute Holder, 866

Flex, 860–863

Linked XForm, 865

Melt, 863

Morpher, 857–859

overview, 857

PatchDeform, 863–864

PathDeform, 865

Point Cache, 855–856

SplineIK Control, 866

SurfDeform, 863

Motion panel, Command Panel, 574–577

overview, 565, 589, 847, 883, 1079

painting with animated objects, 424

parameters, 891–899

particle systems

Blizzard, 1025

creating, 1010–1011

maps, 1028–1030

overview, 1009–1010

PArray, 1026–1028

Particle Flow, 1030–1038

PCloud, 1028

Snow, 1011–1013

Spray, 1011–1012

Super Spray, 1013–1025

preferences, 579–580

previews, 586–588

saving animation files, 851–852

Space Warps

binding to objects, 1040

combining particle systems with, 1058–1060

creating, 1039–1040

Deflector, 1049–1050

Force, 1040–1048

Geometric/Deformable, 1050–1057

Modifier-Based, 1057–1058

overview, 1039

Time Controls, 565–567

Track Bar, 571–572

Track View

controllers, 603, 929–930

filtering tracks, 927–928

function curves, 917–928, 930–935

interface, 901–910

keys, 910–914

overview, 901

ProSound plug-in, 935–937

time, 915–916

track sets, creating, 928–929

tutorial, 569–571

Animation menu, 601–602

Animation Modifiers menu, 283

Animation panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 579

Anisotropic shader, 451–452

Anisotropy material property, 492

anti-aliasing, 456, 619–620

Application Button

accessing files through, 81–83

overview, 20–21

Applied IK method, 955–956

Arc shape primitive, 311, 313–314

Architectural materials, 768

architecture primitives (AEC objects)

doors, 157

foliage, 156

overview, 155

railings, 157

stairs, 158–159

walls, 157

windows, 158

archiving files, 86

Area filter, 619

Area Omni light, 538

Area Shadows, 536

Area Spotlight, 538

Array dialog box, 239

arrays

circular, 240–241

linear, 238–240

overview, 238

ring, 241–243

artifacts, defined, 456

artificial light, 533–534. See also lighting

aspect ratio, 615

assemblies, 248

Asset Browser utility, 105–107

Assign Controller dialog box, 602–603

Assign Material dialog box, 782–783

Assign Vertex Color utility, 794

atmospheric effects

adding to scenes, 1111–1112

Exposure Controls, 1107–1109

Fire effect, 1112–1116

Fog effect, 1116–1120

overview, 1107, 1111

Attach Controls dialog box, 879–880

attaching

overview, 246

polygon subobjects, 361–363

splines, 325

subobjects, 397–398

Attachment constraint, 590–591

attenuation

defined, 120

Photometric lights, 551

Standard lights, 546–547

Audio controller, 868

Auto Backup feature, 85, 89, 91–92

Auto Key mode, 568–569, 581–582

Auto Secondary Lens Effect, 1130–1131

AutoCAD, 155

AutoCAD Revit, 155

Autodesk Composite, 1178

Autodesk DWF Viewer, 101–102

Autodesk Material Library, 771–773

Autodesk ME Image Sequence (IMSQ) files, 583–584

Autodesk.com website, 37

AutoGrid feature, 215–216

Automatic Exposure Control, 1108

Automatic Mapping rollout, 838

Automatic Welding feature, 326

AVI (Microsoft Video) files, 583

axis constraints, 201, 203–204

Axonometric views, 44

azimuth, Sunlight and Daylight systems, 553

B

Backburner Manager General Properties dialog box, 1166–1167

Backburner Server General Properties dialog box, 1167

Backface Cull option, 120, 175

backgrounds

adding with Video Post interface, 1199–1200

color, 632

images, 632

updating, 120–121

viewport, 77–80

backing up, 85, 89, 91–92

Baked Material rollout, 838

baked textures

Automatic Mapping rollout, 838

Baked Material rollout, 838

channels, 833–835

general settings, 836

output settings, 837–838

overview, 833, 835–836

selecting objects to bake, 836–837

tutorial, 839

balloon notifications, disabling, 39

Barycentric Morph controller, 878

Base Objects, 274

Batch Render tool, 1158

batch rendering

Batch Render tool, 1158

overview, 1157

scene states, managing, 1158–1159

stand-alone executable, creating, 1159

Bend modifier, 287–288

Bevel Deformation, Loft object, 724–725

Bevel modifier, 347–349

Bevel Profile modifier, 348–349

beveling

Poly objects, 376

subobjects, 404

Bézier controller, 604–605

Bézier type vertices, 327–328

Bind to Space Warp button, main toolbar, 1040, 24

binding/unbinding

objects in IK systems, 951

skin to skeletons, 991–1002

vertices to segments, 332

bitmap gamma, 125

Bitmap map, 469–472

bitmap proxies, 616–617

Bitmap Select feature, 795

Bitmap/Photometric Path Editor dialog box, 494–495

Blackman filter, 619

Blend filter, 619

Blend material, 502

Blinn shader, 448–450

Blizzard particle system, 1010, 1025

BlobMesh objects

overview, 698, 709–710

parameters, setting, 710

tutorial, 710–711

Block controller, 878–880

Block Parameters dialog box, 879

Blowup render type, 624

Blur render effect, 1133–1135

Body Cutter feature, Body object, 738–740

Body objects

applying modifiers to, 738

Body Cutter feature, 738–740

converting objects to, 736–737

display and rendering properties, setting, 740

editing, 738

exporting, 740–741

Join Bodies feature, 738–740

overview, 261

using Boolean operations with, 738

Bomb Space Warp, 1055–1057

Bone Tools palette

adjusting fins, 948

coloring bones, 947–948

making objects into bones, 948

mirroring bones, 947

overview, 946

refining bones, 947

reordering bones, 947

bones

Bone Tools palette, 946–948

bones systems, building, 942–946

inverse kinematics

binding objects, 951

building and linking systems, 949–950

forward kinematics versus, 949

joints, 950–951

methods, 953–956

overview, 949

precedence, 951

selecting terminators, 950

solvers, 956–965

tutorial, 952–953

naming, 974–975

overview, 941

rigging workflow, creating, 942

Skin modifiers, 991–1005

Boolean controller, 874

Boolean operations

Body objects, 698, 738

collapsing objects, 280–281

splines, 337–338, 346

borders

connecting, 373–375

filling selections, 373

Graphite Modeling tools, 402–404

overview, 373

Bound Hose primitive object, 152

Box primitive object, 136, 140

Branches tool, Freeform tools, 412–413

breaking

spline segments, 325

vertices, 367, 401–402

Bridge dialog box, 373–374

Bridge Edges dialog box, 371

bridging

borders, 404

edges, 403

Brightness and Contrast render effect, 1135

brightness of captured images, 498

Brush Preset Manager, 676

Brush Settings panel, 420

Brushed metal technique, Photoshop, 497

Bubble Motion rollout, Super Spray particle system, 1023

Bulge Angle Deformer, 1002

bump maps, 461, 774

Bump material property, 492

Burlap sack technique, Photoshop, 497

ByLayer option, Properties dialog box, 118

ByObject option, Properties dialog box, 118

C

Cache Tools menu, 283

CAD objects, importing, 735–736

Caddy controls, 20, 35

Camera Correction modifier, 525

Camera Map modifier, 801

Camera Map Per Pixel map, 487

Camera Navigation control buttons, 519

Camera view

controlling, 56

creating, 516–518

cameras

aiming, 520–521

aligning, 521–523

animating, 580–581

controlling, 518–520

creating, 516

overview, 515–516

parameters, setting, 523–531

views, creating, 516–518

Cameras menu, 283

Canvas brushes, Viewport Canvas, 783–785

Cap Holes modifier, 681

Capsule primitive, 148

Capsule primitive object, 136, 145, 147

capturing images

adjusting brightness, 498

avoiding specular highlights, 498

overview, 498

Car Paint material, 773

CAT. See Character Animation Toolkit

Catmull-Rom filter, 619

caustics, 1148–1151

Cavity map, 795–796

Cellular map, 476–477

C-Ext primitive object, 137, 145, 151–152

ChamferBox primitive object, 136, 145, 147

ChamferCyl primitive object, 136, 145, 147–148

chamfering

splines, 331–332

vertices, 368–369, 402

Channel primitive object, 312

channels

Map Channel Info dialog box, 834–835

overview, 833–834

Select by Channel modifier, 835

Character Animation Toolkit (CAT)

animating rigs, 977–983

character creation workflow, 967–968

creating rigs, 968–976

muscles, 985–988

overview, 967

Character Map application, 316–317

characters

aspects of, 989–990

bones

Bone Tools palette, 946–948

inverse kinematics, 949–965

overview, 941

rigging workflow, creating, 942

systems of, building, 942–946

Character Animation Toolkit

animating rigs, 977–983

character creation workflow, 967–968

creating rigs, 968–976

muscles, 985–988

overview, 967

skinning

character animation techniques, 1005–1006

overview, 989

Skin modifiers, 991–1005

Checker map, 472

child objects, 248–249

.chr files, 86

Circle shape primitive, 311, 313

circular arrays, 240–241

Circular Crank method, 198

Circular selection method, 166–167

Circular Selection Region button, main toolbar, 25

Clean MultiMaterial utility, 439, 510

clipping planes, 67–68, 524–525

Clone and Align tool

aligning source objects to destination objects, 236

overview, 236

tutorial, 236–238

Clone Options dialog box, 224

cloning objects

copies, 226

instances, 226–227

mirroring objects, 229–231

overview, 223

references, 226–229

spacing cloned objects, 233–235

during specific frame of animation, 231–233

tutorial, 224–225

using Clone and Align tool, 236–238

using Clone command, Edit menu, 223–224

using QClone button, Transform Toolbox, 226

using Shift-clone method, 224

Close Channel button, RAM Player interface window, 627

closed edges, defined, 370

closing

containers, 644

groups, 246

splines, 340

cloth

animating, 1082–1086

creating, 755–760

overview, 261, 755

Cloth menu, 283

Clouds technique, Photoshop, 496

Collapse utility, 280–281

collapsing

Modifier Stack, 279–281

objects to Editable Poly objects, 353

polygon subobjects, 361

subobjects, 401

collisions

defining boundaries, 1070–1071

hair and fur, 1080

Super Spray particle system, 1020–1022

color

assigning to primitive objects, 132–135

backgrounds, 632

bones, 947–948

buttons, 35–36

changing default scheme, 18

elevation, 707

node, 659

Photometric lights, 549–551

selecting objects by, 166, 417

Standard lights, 546–547

Color Balance render effect, 1135

color bleeding, 1092, 1093–1094

Color Clipboard utility, 134–135

Color Correction map, 485–486

Color Modifier maps

Color Correction, 485–486

Output, 486

overview, 485

RGB Tint, 486

Vertex Color, 486–487

Color RGB controller, 877

Color Selector dialog box, 133–134

Combustion map, 472–473

Command Panel

Create panel, 28–29, 130–131

Display panel, 28–29, 179–181

floating, 28

Hierarchy panel, 28–29

Modify panel, 28–29

Motion panel, 28–29, 574–577, 602–603

overview, 19–20, 28–29

resizing, 30–31

rollouts, 29–30

Utilities panel, 28–29

command-line rendering, 629

Compact Material Editor, 432

Compact Material Editor button, main toolbar, 26

Compare dialog box, 727

Compass helper, Sunlight system, 553

Compass object, 270–271

Composite map, 482–484

Composite material, 503

Composite tool, 1178

compositing

external compositing packages, 1174–1178

overview, 1173

render elements, 1179–1180

Video Post interface

backgrounds, 1199–1200

events, 1184–1193

Lens Effects filters, 1194–1199

overview, 1181

Queue pane, 1183

Range pane, 1183, 1193

ranges, 1193–1194

sequences, 1183–1184

status bar, 1183

toolbar, 1181–1182

Compositor maps

Composite map, 482–484

Mask map, 484

Mix map, 484

overview, 482

RGB Multiply map, 485

compound materials

Blend, 502

Composite, 503

Double Sided, 504

Morpher, 506–507

Multi/Sub-Object, 504–506, 509–510

overview, 501–502

Shell, 507

Shellac, 507

Top/Bottom, 507–508

compound objects, 260–261

BlobMesh, 709–711

Conform, 701–703, 715–717

Loft

comparing shapes, 726–727

deforming, 721–726

editing paths, 727

Get Path button, 718

Get Shape button, 718

modifying subobjects, 726

overview, 717

parameters, 718–720

surface tools versus, 728–729

tutorial, 720–721, 727–728

Mesher, 708–709

Morph, 698–700

overview, 697

ProBoolean, 729–732

ProCutter, 732–734

Scatter, 711–715

ShapeMerge, 703–706

Terrain, 706–708

types of, 697–698

concave meshes, 1071

concave objects, 1070–1071

Cone primitive object, 136, 143

Configure Columns dialog box, 190

Configure System Paths dialog box, 94

Configure User Paths dialog box, 92–93, 654

Conform Move brush, PolyDraw panel, 409–410

Conform objects

overview, 697, 701–702

tutorial, 702–703

vertex projection direction, setting, 702

Conform Relax brush, PolyDraw panel, 409

Conform Rotate brush, PolyDraw panel, 409

Conform Scale brush, PolyDraw panel, 409

Conform Space Warp, 1054–1055

Conform tool, Freeform tools, 408–410

Connect objects, 698, 715–717

Constrain to Spline option, Freeform tools, 414

constraints, animation

Attachment, 590–591

Link, 596–598

LookAt, 598–599

Orientation, 599

overview, 589

Path, 594–595

Position, 595–596

Surface, 591–593

using, 590

Walkthrough Assistant, 599–600

container proxies, 645

containers

closing, 644

container proxies, 645

creating, 641–644

filling, 641–644

global preferences, setting, 645–646

overview, 641

reloading, 644

saving, 644

setting rules for, 644–645

updating, 644

Containers panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 646

Contrast filter, Video Post, 1188

Controller pane, Track View, 909–910

controllers, animation

assigning, 601–604

defined, 574

note tracks, 929–930

overview, 866, 929

parameter, 874–880

Position track, 868–873

Rotation and Scale track, 873–874

simple, 604–608

transform, 866–867

types of, 600–601

visibility tracks, 929

Conversion menu, 283

converting

objects to Body objects, 736–737

objects to bones, 948

objects to Editable Poly objects, 353

parametric objects to editable objects, 261–262

triangles to quads, 398–399

convex meshes, 1071

convex objects, 1070–1071

Cook Variable filter, 619

Cookie Cutter option, ShapeMerge object, 704

coordinates

measuring distances, 270–272

reference coordinate systems, 116–117, 201–202

UV, preserving, 393

Coordinates rollout, 466–468, 476

copies, 226

coplanar vertices, 365

copying

joints, 951

materials between nodes, 665–666

modifiers, 276–277, 665–666

parameter animation keys, 571

polygon subobjects, 366

segments and connecting to original, 334–336

selections, 415

spline subobjects and offsetting, 337

time, 915–916

vertex handle positions, 332

Corner Bézier type vertices, 327–328

Crease value

Graphite Modeling tools, 402

vertices, 370

Create Material Preview dialog box, 583

Create menu, 129

Create panel, Command Panel, 28–29, 130–131

Create Shape dialog box, 372

Create Texture dialog box, 783

Creation Method rollout

creating primitive objects, 135–137

shape primitives, 311–312

Crop render type, 624

cropping, 471

Cropping/Placement dialog box, 471

Cross Fade Transition compositor, 1191

cross sections, connecting with splines, 326–328

crosshair cursor, 118

Crossing selection method, 117, 166

CrossSection modifier, 349

Cube object, 139, 145

Cubic filter, 619

cubic maps, 489

Cubic Morph controller, 877–878

custom units, 114

Customize User Interface dialog box, 266, 354

cutting

Poly objects, 362–363, 394

time, 915–916

Cylinder primitives

Capsule, 148

ChamferCyl, 148

creating, 136

OilTank, 147–148

overview, 142, 147

Spindle, 148

Cylinder shape, Photometric lights, 551

D

date, Sunlight and Daylight systems, 553

Daylight system

azimuth and altitude, 553

date and time, 553

location, 553–554

mr Sun & Sky, 1145–1146

overview, 551–552

tutorial, 554–555

default lighting, 537

Default Scanline Renderer

anti-alias filters, 619–620

Global SuperSampling, 620

Motion Blur, 620

overview, 618–619

Define Stroke dialog box, 122

Deflector Space Warps

Deflector, 1050

overview, 1049

POmniFlect, 1050

SDeflector, 1050

SOmniFlect, 1050

UDeflector, 1050

UOmniFlect, 1050

Deformation dialog box, 722–723

deforming

Loft objects, 722–726

surfaces, 673–679

Delete Mesh modifier, 682

Delete Spline modifier, 342

deleting

animation keys, 571, 912

nodes, 661–662

primitive objects, 138

time, 915–916

vertices, 333, 366–367, 370, 401

Density map, 795

Dent map, 477

Depth of Field multi-pass effect, 526–529

Depth of Field render effect, 1137–1138

Derived Object Line bar, 228

Design Web Format (DWF), 101–102

detaching

objects, 246

polygon subobjects, 361–363

segments, 335

vertex subobjects, 401

dialog boxes

drag-and-drop features, 36

overview, 20

Diffuse Color material property, 491

Diffuse color swatches, Material Editor, 430

Diffuse Level material property, 491

Diffuse Roughness material property, 491

direct lights, 538, 547

DirectX Manager rollout, 457

DirectX Shader material, 768–769

disabling

balloon notifications, 39

modifiers, 277

viewports, 57

Disc shape, Photometric lights, 551

Disp Approx modifier, 512–513

Displace modifier, 288–290, 512–514

Displace Space Warp, 1048

displacement maps, combining with bump maps, 774

Displacement material property, 492

Display Driver Selection dialog box, 123–124

display drivers, 123–124

Display Floater dialog box, 179–180

Display floater, Schematic View window, 663–665

Display panel, Command Panel, 28–29, 179–181

Display Performance panel, Viewport Configuration dialog box, 72–74

Display toolbar, Track View, 907

distribution, Photometric light, 549

Distribution objects, 711, 713–714

docking toolbars, 22–23

Dodecahedron object, 139

Donut shape primitive, 312, 314

door AEC object, 157

Double Sided material, 504

downloading help files, 37

Drag Space Warp, 1044

Drag tool, Freeform tools, 408

drag-and-drop features

i-drop, 109

overview, 36

Draw On drop-down list, Freeform tools, 412

.drf extension (VIZ Render) files, 86

Dummy objects

linking to, 254

overview, 88, 269–270

Dust map, 795

DWF (Design Web Format), 101–102

DWF Publish Options dialog box, 101–102

dynamic objects, MassFX, 1068–1069

E

ease curves, 922–924

edged faces, 162

edges

changing internal, 372

connecting, 370

create shapes from, 372

defined, 370

Graphite Modeling tools, 402–404

inserting vertices, 370

overview, 370

rotating, 372–373

splitting vertices, 370

edit geometry modifiers

Cap Holes, 681

Delete Mesh, 682

Extrude, 682

Face Extrude, 682–684

overview, 681

ProOptimizer, 685–687

Quadify Mesh, 687–688

Smooth, 688

Symmetry, 688–690

Tessellate, 691

Vertex Weld, 691

Edit menu

Clone command, 223–224

Fetch command, 138

Hold command, 138

selecting objects

by color, 166

by layer, 165

by name, 165

overview, 164–165

by region, 166–167

Edit Mesh modifier, 680

Edit Named Selection Sets button, main toolbar, 25

Edit Named Selections dialog box, 171

Edit Normals modifier, 691–692

Edit OBJ-Export Presets dialog box, 99

Edit Poly modifier, 353, 680–681

Edit Spline modifier, 321, 341–342

Edit UVWs dialog box

accessing, 802

clusters, 809–815

mapping multiple objects, 819

navigating main view, 807–808

overview, 803–805

Quick Transform buttons, 808–809

rendering UV templates, 818–819

selecting subobjects within, 805–807

Spline mapping, 821–823

stitching, 810–812

tutorial, 819–821

unfolding loop strips, 823–824

Unwrap Options dialog box, accessing, 815

welding, 810–812

editable objects

converting parametric objects to, 261–262

parametric objects versus, 259–261

Editable Poly objects. See also Poly objects creating, 353

subobject modes, 354–355

Editable Splines, 321. See also splines editors, 20

Effect Balance settings, Squeeze modifier, 298

Ellipse shape primitive, 312, 313

ellipsis (...) next to commands, 20

e-mail notifications at completion of rendering, 617–618, 1165

emitter icons, 1009–1010

Enable Animation Layers dialog box, 849

envelopes, 991, 993–996, 1018

Environment and Effects dialog box, 631, 1111–1112, 1116, 1120

environment maps, 462

environment modelers, 88

Essential Skills Movies, 39–40

Euler Filter utility, 914

Euler XYZ Rotation controller, 873–874

events, Particle Flow system, 1034

events, Video Post

external, 1192

image filter, 1187–1190

image input, 1185–1186

image layer, 1190–1191

image output, 1192–1193

loop, 1192

overview, 1184–1185

scene, 1186–1187

Exaggerate tool, Freeform tools, 414

Exclude/Include dialog box, 545–546

Execute Video Post dialog box, 1184

exiting 3ds Max, 88

Expert Mode, 56

exploding splines, 340

exporting

Body objects, 740–741

files

to DWF format, 101–102

to JSR-184 (M3G) format, 100–101

to Maya, 96–97

to MotionBuilder, 96

to Mudbox, 96

overview, 94

to Softimage, 96

supported formats, 95–96

using OBJ format, 97–99

utilities for, 102–103

Exposure Controls

Automatic, 1108

Linea, 1108

Logarithmic, 1108–1109

overview, 1107–1108

Photographic, 1109

Pseudo Color, 1108–1109

Expression controller

animating materials with, 891

animating parameters with Float Expression controller, 890–891

animating transforms with, 889–890

entering in spinners, 883–884

interface, 884–889

overview, 889

Expression Debug window, 886–887

Extend tool, Freeform tools, 410–411

Extended Parameters rollout, 454–456

Extended Primitives

C-Ext, 151–152

ChamferBox, 147

Cylinder, 147–148

Gengon, 148

Hedra, 145–147

Hose, 152–153

L-Ext, 151

overview, 145

Prism, 150

RingWave, 148–150

Torus Knot, 150–151

external compositing packages

After Effects, 1176–1177

Composite, 1178

overview, 1174

Photoshop, 1174–1175

Premiere, 1175–1176

external events, Video Post, 1192

external references. See XRefs

Extrude modifier, 682

Extrude Polygons Along Spline settings dialog box, 378

extruding

Poly objects, 377–379

splines, 345

subobjects along splines, 405

vertex subobjects, 401

vertices, 368

F

Face Extrude modifier, 682–684

Fade filter, Video Post, 1188

Faded color technique, Photoshop, 496

Falloff cone, 549

Falloff map, 477–478

FBX Export dialog box, 96–97

FBX format, 96–97

F-Curve Editor, 1204. See also Track View

feedback, 3ds Max, 41

Fence selection method, 166–167

Fence Selection Region button, main toolbar, 25

fetching scenes, 279

FFD (Box) modifier, 304–305

FFD (Box) Space Warp, 1052

FFD (Cyl) modifier, 304–305

FFD (Cyl) Space Warp, 1052

FFD (Free Form Deformation) modifier, 303–305

FFD (Free Form Deformers) menu, 283

FFD modifiers. See Free Form Deformer (FFD) modifiers

Field of View (FOV)

cameras, 516, 519, 523–524

lower interface bar control, 52–53

viewports, 68–69

File Link Manager utility, 109

File Load: Units Mismatch dialog box, 115

File menu, 20

File Output render effect, 1135–1136

File Properties dialog box, 110–111

files

accessing, 81–83

archiving, 86

creating, 84

exiting, 88

exporting, 94–103

file information, accessing, 109–112

file utilities, 105–109

importing, 94–99, 103–105

merging objects in, 87–88

opening, 86–87

overview, 81

paths, configuring, 92–94

preferences, setting, 88–92, 119

Project Folder, setting, 87

replacing objects in, 87–88

saving, 84–85

Files panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 85, 88–92, 95, 119

Fillet/Chamfer modifier, 342

filleting splines, 331

filling

containers, 641–644

selections, 373

Film Grain render effect, 1136

Filter Color material property, 492

Filter color swatches, Material Editor, 430

Filter Combinations dialog box, 163

filtering

objects, 162–163, 188

tracks, 927–928

Filters dialog box, 927–928

finding

files with Max File Finder utility, 107–108

objects with Scene Explorer dialog box, 188–189

fins, bone, 948

Fire effect, 1112–1116

Fit Deformation, Loft object, 725–726

Fix Ambient utility, 439

Flag Properties dialog box, 474

Flat Mirror map, 485, 487–488

Flatten brush, Freeform tools, 414

Flatten Mapping dialog box, 812

Flex modifier

forces and deflectors, 862

overview, 860, 1006

painting weights, 861–862

soft bodies, creating, 861

springs, creating, 862–863

strength, 861

subobjects, 860–861

flipping

Poly objects, 377

subobjects, 405

Float controllers, 601

Float Expression controller, 890–891

floating

Color Clipboard utility, 135

Command Panel, 28

Ribbon panels, 28

toolbars, 20, 22–23

flyouts, 23, 118

focal length, camera, 516

Fog background technique, Photoshop, 496

Fog effect

overview, 1116–1117

Volume Fog effect, 1117–1119

Volume Light effect, 1120

foliage AEC object, 156

fonts, Text primitive, 315

Force Space Warps

Displace, 1048

Drag, 1044

Gravity, 1046

Motor, 1040–1041

overview, 1040

Path Follow, 1046

PBomb, 1044–1045

Push, 1041–1042

Vortex, 1043

Wind, 1046–1047

forward kinematics, 249, 949

FOV. See Field of View

Free camera object, 516

Free Direct light, 538

Free Form Deformation (FFD) modifier, 303–305

Free Form Deformer (FFD) modifiers

FFD (Box) modifier, 304–305

FFD (Cyl) modifier, 304–305

FFD (Free Form Deformation) modifier, 303–305

Free Form Deformers (FFD) menu, 283

Free Hose primitive object, 152

Free Spotlight, 538

Freeform tools

overview, 407–408

Paint Deform, 413–414

PolyDraw, 408–413

freezing objects

overview, 178–179

tutorial, 181–182

using Display Floater dialog box, 179

using Display panel, 179–181

Frosted glass technique, Photoshop, 497

function curves

creating, 904

drawing, 919–920

ease curves, 922–924

hiding, 904

inserting keys, 917

moving keys, 917

multiplier curves, 922–927

out-of-range curves, 922–924

overview, 916

reducing keys, 920

tangents, 921–922

tutorial, 917–918, 930–935

Function List dialog box, 886–887

fur. See hair and fur

G

gamma

bitmap, 125

overview, 124

propagating settings, 125

screen, 125

Gamma and LUT panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 124

Garment Maker modifier, 755–757

General panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 116–118, 282

General viewport label, 57, 63

Generate Topology option, Graphite Modeling tools, 388–389

generic units, 114

Gengon primitive object, 137, 145, 148

Geographic Location dialog box, 553–554

Geometric/Deformable Space Warps

Bomb, 1055–1057

Conform, 1054–1055

FFD (Box), 1052

FFD (Cyl), 1052

overview, 1050–1051

Ripple, 1052–1054

Wave, 1052–1054

Geometry rollout

Attach button, 325

Attach Mult. button, 325

Break button, 325

Create Line button, 324–325

Cross Section button, 326–327

End Point Auto-Welding section, 326

Insert button, 326

overview, 324

GeoSphere primitive object, 136, 143–144

Get Path button, Loft object, 718

Get Shape button, Loft object, 718

ghosting feature, 121, 578

Gimbal Coordinate System, 201

gizmo subobjects, 281–282

Gizmos panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 197–198

global lighting, 534, 632–633

Global SuperSampling, 620

Glossiness material property, 492

Glow Lens Effect, 1124–1128

grabbing viewport images, 69

Gradient map, 473

Gradient Ramp map, 473–474

Graph Editors menu options, Schematic View window, 655

Graphite Modeling tools

edges and borders, 402–404

geometry, 392–400

Modify Selection panel, 391–392

overview, 385–387, 1204

polygon and element subobjects, 404–406

Polygon Modeling panel, 387–391

surface properties, 406–407

vertices, 401–402

Graphite Modeling Tools button, main toolbar, 26

Gravity Space Warp, 1046

Grid Coordinate System, 202

Grid Nudge Distance, 121

grids

activating, 214–215

aligning vertices to, 365

AutoGrid feature, 215–216

creating, 214–215

Home Grid, 214

overview, 214

grouping objects

assemblies, 248

attaching objects, 246, 362

closing groups, 246

creating groups, 245–246

detaching objects, 246

opening groups, 246

overview, 245

tutorial, 247

ungrouping objects, 246

H

hair and fur

animating, 1079–1082

growing, 744–745

overview, 261, 743–744

properties, setting, 745–747

rendering, 754

spline fringe, 748

styling, 749–753

Hair and Fur menu, 283

Hammersley SuperSampling method, 457

HD (History Dependent) IK solver, 960–962

Hedra primitive object, 136, 138–139, 145–147, 154–155

Helix primitive object, 312

Helix shape primitive, 317

Help menu, 37, 41–42

Help panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 37

help resources

Essential Skills Movies, 39–40

Help menu, 41–42

InfoCenter toolbar, 37–39

online reference guides, 40–41

overview, 37

printing, 630–631

hemispheres, 140–141

HI IK solver. See History Independent (HI) IK solver

hiding

function curves, 904

main toolbar, 22

menu bar, 21

nodes, 661–662

objects, 178–182

polygon subobjects, 366

Ribbon sections, 27

vertices, 332–333

ViewCube, 46

hierarchies

defined, 249

displaying, 252–253

selecting, 253–254

Hierarchy panel, Command Panel, 28–29

Highlight curve, Metal shader, 452

highlights, 541–542

Hinge Polygons From Edge dialog box, 377

hinging subobjects, 377, 405

History Dependent (HD) IK solver, 960–962

History Independent (HI) IK solver

defining swivel angles, 958–959

displaying controls, 959

overview, 956–957

tutorial, 959–960

holding scenes, 279

Home Grid, 214

Home view, 46

Hose primitive object, 137, 145, 152–153

hot material, 436–437

Hotspot cone, 549

HSDS modifier, 694–695

I

Icon/Image Size option, 81

Icosahedron object, 139

i-drop feature, 109

IFL (Image File List) files, 583–586

IFL Manager Utility, 584

IK. See inverse kinematics

IK controller, 880

IK Limb solver, 963–964

Image Alpha filter, Video Post, 1188

Image File List (IFL) files, 583–586

image filter events, Video Post

Contrast filter, 1188

Fade filter, 1188

Image Alpha filter, 1188

Negative filter, 1188

overview, 1187–1188

Pseudo Alpha filter, 1188

Simple Wipe filter, 1188–1189

Starfield filter, 1189–1190

image formats, 469–470

image input event, Video Post, 1185–1186

Image Input Options dialog box, 1186

image layer events, Video Post

Adobe Premiere transition filter, 1190–1191

overview, 1190

Simple Wipe compositor, 1191

Image Motion Blur, 177–178, 620, 1136

image output event, Video Post, 1192–1193

Import dialog box, 94

importing

CAD objects, 735–736

files

from Maya, 96–97

overview, 94

preferences, setting, 95

supported formats, 94–95

using OBJ format, 97–99

vector drawings from Illustrator, 103–105

IMSQ (Autodesk ME Image Sequence) files, 583–584

Index of Refraction, 431, 455

indirect illumination

advanced, 1153–1154

overview, 1151–1152

proxies, 1155

rendering control, 1153

InfoCenter Settings dialog box, 39

InfoCenter toolbar, 21, 37–39

Ink ‘n’ Paint material

controls, 766–767

overview, 765–766

tutorial, 767

inserting

animation keys, 917

time, 916

vertices, 326, 370, 402–403

insetting

polygon subobjects, 376

subobjects, 404

Instance Duplicate Maps dialog box, 495

instances

hair and fur, 752–753

map, 495

modifier, 277

overview, 226–227

intensity

Photometric lights, 551

Standard lights, 546–547

Interactive IK method

overview, 954

preferences, setting, 954–955

tutorial, 955

Interpolation rollout, 310–311

inverse kinematics (IK)

binding objects, 951

building and linking systems, 949–950

forward kinematics versus, 249, 949

joints, 950–951

methods, 953–956

overview, 949

precedence, 951

selecting terminators, 950

solvers

assigning, 943

History Dependent, 960–962

History Independent, 956–960

IK Limb, 963–964

Spline, 964–965

tutorial, 952–953

Inverse Kinematics panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 954–955

invisible edges, 370

iray

enabling, 1139–1140

overview, 1139–1142, 1205

starting, 1142–1143

isolating current selection, 172

Isometric views, 44

J

Join Bodies feature, Body object, 738–740

Joint Angle Deformer, 1002

joints

copying, 951

defining constraints, 950–951

mirroring, 951

pasting, 951

JSR-184 (M3G) format, 100–101

JSR-184 Export dialog box, 100

K

kerning value, text, 316

Key Controls toolbar, Track View, 904

Key Entry toolbar, Track View, 906

Key pane, Track View, 909–910

Key Tangents, 573–574, 905–906

Keyboard Entry rollout

creating primitive objects, 137

shape primitives, 311–312

Keyboard Shortcut Override Toggle button, main toolbar, 25

keyboard shortcuts, 20–22, 41

keyframe animation. See animation

keys, animation

adding, 912

Auto Key mode, 568–569, 581–582

copying parameter animation keys, 571

deleting, 571, 912

displaying keyable icons, 914

editing, 913

Euler Filter utility, 914

inserting, 917

lower interface bar controls, 33, 35

moving, 904, 912, 917

overview, 568, 910–911

Randomize Keys utility, 913–914

reducing, 920

Region tool, 912–913

scaling, 912

selecting, 911

Set Key mode, 569

sliding, 912

soft selection, 911–912

viewing and editing key values, 573–574

kinematic objects, MassFX, 1068–1069

kinematics. See inverse kinematics

L

Lasso selection method, 166–167

Lasso Selection Region button, main toolbar, 25

lathing splines, 347

Lattice modifier, 290

layer list, 185–186

Layer Manager dialog box, 182–185

Layer Properties dialog box, 185, 850

layers

animation, 977–980

dividing scenes into, 186

layer list, 185–186

Layer Manager dialog box, 182–185

motion, creating walk cycles with, 977, 980–984

overview, 182

paint, 786–788

preferences, setting, 118

selecting objects by, 165

Layers toolbar, 183

Layout panel, Viewport Configuration dialog box, 69–70

leading value, text, 316

left-handed users, rearranging user interface for, 31–32

Legacy R4 method, 198

Lens Effects filters, Video Post

flares, 1195–1196

focus, 1196

glow, 1196–1197

highlights, 1198–1199

overview, 1194–1195

Lens Effects render effects

Auto Secondary, 1130–1131

global parameters, 1122–1124

Glow, 1124–1128

Manual Secondary, 1132

overview, 1121–1122

Ray, 1129

Ring, 1129

Star, 1129–1130

Streak, 1130

tutorial, 1132–1133

lens settings, camera, 523–524

Leopard skin technique, Photoshop, 497

Level of Detail (LOD) utility, 271–272

L-Ext primitive object, 136, 145, 151

libraries, materials, 441–442

Light Lister dialog box, 540–541

Light Navigation control buttons, 543

light tracing

adaptive undersampling, 1093

color bleeding, 1092–1094

excluding objects from, 1095–1096

overview, 1090–1092

quality versus speed, 1093

lighting

advanced

global settings, 1102–1103

light tracing, 1090–1096

local settings, 1094–1095, 1102–1103

materials, 1103–1104

overview, 1089–1090

animating, 582

basics of, 533–536

creating, 539

global, 632–633

highlights, 541–542

iray, 1139–1143

lighting analysis, 1104–1106

listing lights, 540–541

mental ray

caustics, 1148–1151

enabling, 1139–1140

enabling shadow maps, 1145

indirect illumination, 1151–1155

overview, 1139, 1144–1145

photons, 1148–1151

preferences, accessing, 1143–1144

Sky Portal, 1146–1148

Sun & Sky, 1145–1146

overview, 533, 1089

parameters, altering, 545–551

properties, setting, 178

radiosity, 1096–1102

Sunlight and Daylight systems, 551–555

transforming lights, 539

tutorial, 544

types of, 537–539

viewports

configuring in, 59–62

displaying in, 58–59

viewing in, 540

viewing scene from lights, 542–544

Volume Lights, 555–561

Lighting Data Export Utility, 103

Lightscape material, 1104

Limit controller, 874–875

Line primitive object, 311

Line shape, Photometric lights, 551

Line shape primitive, 312–313

linear arrays, 238–240

Linear controller, 605

Linear Exposure Control, 1108

Linear Roll method, 198

Link constraint, 596–598

Link Inheritance utility, 253

linking objects

displaying links, 251–252

hierarchies, 252–254

IK systems, 949–950

linking to dummies, 254

locking inheriting transformations, 253

overview, 249–250

Substance maps, 777–778

tutorial, 250–251, 254–255

unlinking objects, 250

using Link Inheritance utility, 253

List controller, 875

List Views menu, Schematic View window, 671–672

Load XML Animation File dialog box, 852–853

Load/Save Presets rollout, Super Spray particle system, 1025

Local Coordinate System, 201

locking

inheriting transformations, 253

selection sets, 170–171

transformation axes, 204–205

LOD (Level of Detail) utility, 271–272

Loft objects

comparing shapes, 726–727

deforming

Bevel Deformation, 724–725

Deformation window interface, 722–724

Fit Deformation, 725–726

overview, 721

Scale Deformation, 724

Teeter Deformation, 724

Twist Deformation, 724

editing paths, 727

Get Path button, 718

Get Shape button, 718

modifying subobjects, 726

overview, 698, 717

parameters, 718–720

surface tools versus, 728–729

tutorial, 720–721, 727–728

log files, maintaining, 92

Logarithmic Exposure Control, 1108–1109

LookAt constraint, 598–599

Look-up Table (LUT) files, 124–125

loop events, Video Post, 1192

loop strips, unfolding, 823–824

lower interface bar, 19–20, 32–33

luminaire objects, 248

Luminosity color swatches, Material Editor, 430

LUT (Look-up Table) files, 124–125

M

M3G (JSR-184) format, 100–101

main toolbar

buttons, 24–26

hiding/showing, 22

object selection buttons, 163–164

overview, 18–19, 24–26

transformation buttons, 195

Make Preview dialog box, 586–587

Manage Layers button, main toolbar, 26

Manage Scene States dialog box, 1158–1159

manipulator helpers, 893

Manual Secondary Lens Effect, 1132

Map Animation dialog box, 854

Map Channel Info dialog box, 834–835

Map Path utility, 494–495

Map Scaler modifier, 801

mapping modifiers

Camera Map, 801

Map Scaler, 801

overview, 797–798

Projection, 840

Unwrap UVW, 801–803, 815–818

UVW Map, 798–800

UVW Mapping Add, 800

UVW Mapping Clear, 800

UVW XForm, 801

mapping textures

Edit UVWs dialog box

accessing, 802

arranging and grouping clusters, 814–815

mapping multiple objects, 819

navigating main view, 807–808

overview, 803–805

Quick Transform buttons, 808–809

rendering UV templates, 818–819

selecting subobjects within, 805–807

separating into clusters using flattening methods, 812–814

Spline mapping, 821–823

stitching and welding, 810–812

straightening and relaxing UV clusters, 809–810

tutorial, 819–821

unfolding loop strips, 823–824

Unwrap Options dialog box, accessing, 815

mapping modifiers, 797–803, 815–818

overview, 797

Peel mapping, 824–827

Pelt mapping, 824–831

maps

connecting to materials, 463–465

defined, 457

global viewport rendering setting, enabling, 462

map instances, 495

Map Path utility, 494–495

Maps rollout, 490–494

materials versus, 431

normal, 840–842

overview, 461

particle system, 1028–1030

Real-World, 462

shadow, 1145

textures, creating, 496–499

types of

2D maps, 466–476

3D maps, 476–482

Camera Map Per Pixel map, 487

Color Modifier maps, 485–487

Compositor maps, 482–485

Flat Mirror map, 487–488

Normal Bump map, 488

overview, 461–462, 465

Raytrace map, 489

Reflect/Refract map, 489

Thin Wall Refraction map, 489–490

Maps rollout

aging objects, 493–494

overview, 457, 490–492

Marble map, 478

Mask map, 484

MassFX physics engine

capturing simulation motion as keys, 1075–1077

constraints, 1073–1075

dynamics, 1063–1064

establishing simulation properties, 1066–1067

object properties, setting, 1068–1072

overview, 1063–1065, 1205

process, 1065–1066

starting and stopping simulations, 1067

tutorial, 1067–1068, 1072–1073

MassFX Tools dialog box, 1066, 1069, 1072

Master Block Parameters dialog box, 878–879

Master Point controller, 880

Match Camera to View command, 522

material effect IDs, 509

Material Explorer, 443–445

material IDs, 336, 508–509

Material modifier, 511

material modifiers

Disp Approx, 512–513

Displace, 512–514

Material, 511

MaterialByElement, 511–512

overview, 510

Material Node View panel, Slate Material Editor loading, 434

navigating, 434–436

Material XML Exporter Utility, 103

MaterialByElement modifier, 511–512

Material/Map Browser, 440–442

materials

animating, 582–583, 891

applying multiple, 508–510

baked textures

Baked Material rollout, 838

channels, 833–835

general settings, 836

output settings, 837–838

overview, 833, 835–836

selecting objects to bake, 836–837

tutorial, 839

compound

Blend, 502

Composite, 503

Double Sided, 504

Morpher, 506–507

Multi/Sub-Object, 504–506

overview, 501–502

Shell, 507

Shellac, 507

Top/Bottom, 507–508

hot, 436–437

lighting, 1103–1104

mapping textures

Edit UVWs dialog box, 802–824

mapping modifiers, 797–803, 815–818

overview, 797

Peel mapping, 826–827

Pelt mapping, 824–831

maps versus, 431

Material Explorer, 443–445

Material/Map Browser, 440–442

normal maps, 840–842

overview, 447

painting, 781–794

parameters, 454–458

procedural Substance textures, 775–780

properties of, 429–431

rendering surface maps, 794–796

shaders

Anisotropic, 451–452

Blinn, 448–450

Metal, 452–453

Multi-Layer, 452

Oren-Nayar-Blinn, 452

overview, 447–448

Phong, 451

Strauss, 453

Translucent, 453–454

Slate Material Editor, 429, 432–439

specialized

Architectural materials, 768

DirectX Shader material, 768–769

Ink ‘n’ Paint material, 765–767

Matte/Shadow material, 763–765

mental ray materials and shaders, 770–774

MetaSL Shader material, 768–769

overview, 763

standard materials, using, 447

tutorial, 458–459

viewing in viewports, 57–58

XRef, 652–653

Matte/Shadow material

overview, 763–764

parameters, setting, 764

tutorial, 764–765

Max 2.5 Star SuperSampling method, 457

Max File Finder utility, 107–108

.max files, 81, 85, 87

MAXFinder dialog box, 107–108

MAXScript Help system, 37

Maya, importing and exporting files, 96–97

Measure Distance tool, 270

Measure utility, 271

mental ray

caustics, 1148–1151

enabling, 1139–1140

indirect illumination

advanced, 1153–1154

overview, 1151–1152

proxies, 1155

rendering control, 1153

materials and shaders

accessing, 771

Arch & Design materials, 771–773

Autodesk Material Library, 771–773

Car Paint material, 773

combining bump and displacement maps, 774

overview, 770

Subsurface Scattering materials, 774

overview, 1139, 1144–1145

photons, 1148–1151

preferences, accessing, 1143–1144

properties, setting, 178

shadow maps, enabling, 1145

Sky Portal, 1146–1148

Sun & Sky, 1145–1146

mental ray connection rollout, 458

mental ray panel, Object Properties dialog box, 178, 1150–1151

mental ray tab, Preference Settings dialog box, 1143–1144

menu bar

ellipsis (...) next to commands, 20, 22

grayed out commands, 21–22

hiding and showing, 21

keyboard shortcuts, 20–22

overview, 18–19

submenus, 20–22

underlined letters in commands, 21

menus, overview of, 20–22

Merge dialog box, 87–88

merging objects in files, 87–88

Mesh Editing menu, 283

mesh modifiers

edit geometry

Cap Holes modifier, 681

Delete Mesh modifier, 682

Extrude modifier, 682

Face Extrude modifier, 682–684

overview, 681

ProOptimizer modifier, 685–687

Quadify Mesh modifier, 687–688

Smooth modifier, 688

Symmetry modifier, 688–690

Tessellate modifier, 691

Vertex Weld modifier, 691

Edit Normals, 691–692

Normal, 693

primitive maintenance, 680–681

STL Check, 693

subdivision surface, 693–695

Mesher objects, 698, 708–709

meshes. See also Poly objects cleaning up imported, 262–264

locating problems with xView analysis tool, 62

overview, 260

subdividing for radiosity, 1097–1100

MeshSmooth modifier, 693

Metaball objects, 1018

Metal shader, 452–453

Metalness material property, 492

MetaSL Shader material, 768–769

Metric units system, 113–114

Microsoft Video (AVI) files, 583

MIDI Time Slider Control Setup dialog box, 580

Mirror command, Tools menu, 229–230

Mirror modifier, 290

mirroring objects

bones, 947

elements, 405–406

joints, 951

overview, 229

splines, 338–339

tutorial, 230–231

using Mirror command, Tools menu, 229–230

weights, 1000

Missing External Files dialog box, 86

Mitchell-Netravali filter, 619

Mix map, 484

modeless dialog boxes, 36

modeling

Body objects, 736–741

cloth, 755–760

compound objects

BlobMesh, 709–711

Conform, 701–703

Connect, 715–717

Loft, 717–729

Mesher, 708–709

Morph, 698–700

overview, 697

ProBoolean, 729–732

ProCutter, 732–734

Scatter, 711–715

ShapeMerge, 703–706

Terrain, 706–708

types of, 697–698

containers, 641–646

deforming surfaces, 673–679

external references, 646–654

Freeform tools, 407–414

Graphite Modeling tools, 385–407

hair and fur

growing, 744–745

overview, 743–744

properties, setting, 745–747

rendering, 754

spline fringe, 748

styling, 749–753

mesh modifiers

edit geometry, 681–691

Edit Normals, 691–692

Normal, 693

primitive maintenance, 680–681

STL Check, 693

subdivision surface, 693–695

model types, 259–262

modeling helpers, 269–272

modifiers

Free Form Deformer (FFD), 303–305

Modifier Stack, 273–282

Object-Space versus World-Space, 284

overview, 273

Parametric Deformer, 286–303

Selection, 284–286

normals, 262–264

Object Paint tools, 418–425

overview, 259, 385, 641

Poly objects

Editable, 353–355

editing, 353–382

overview, 351–352

Schematic View window

Graph Editors menu options, 655

hierarchies, 663–667

List Views menu, 671–672

menus, 655–656

navigating, 658–659

nodes, 659–663, 665–666, 668–669

overview, 654, 655

preferences, 667–671

toolbar buttons, 656–658

Selection tools, 415–417

shapes

Arc, 313–314

Circle, 313

Creation Method rollout, 311–312

Donut, 314

Ellipse, 313

Helix, 317

Interpolation rollout, 310–311

Keyboard Entry rollout, 311–312

Line, 312–313

NGon, 314

overview, 307–309

Rectangle, 313

Rendering rollout, 310

Section, 317–318, 320

Star, 314, 319

Text, 314–317

splines

editing, 321–341

modifiers, 341–344

moving to 3D, 344–349

subobjects, 264–269

modeling ribbon, 19

modifier gizmos, 281

Modifier Stack

applying modifiers, 274

Base Objects, 274

collapsing, 279–281

copying modifiers, 276–277

disabling modifiers, 277

fetching scenes, 279

gizmo subobjects, 281–282

holding scenes, 279

instanced modifiers, 277

modifying subobjects, 282

Object-Space modifiers, 274

overview, 273

pasting modifiers, 276–277

referenced modifiers, identifying, 277

removing modifiers, 277

reordering, 277–279

topology dependency, 282

World-Space modifiers, 274

Modifier-Based Space Warps, 1057–1058

modifiers

applying to Body objects, 738

Edit Poly, 353

Free Form Deformer (FFD), 303–305

Garment Maker, 755–757

mapping

Camera Map modifier, 801

Map Scaler modifier, 801

overview, 797–798

Projection, 840

Unwrap UVW modifier, 801–803, 815–818

UVW Map modifier, 798–800

UVW Mapping Add modifier, 800

UVW XForm modifier, 801

material

Disp Approx modifier, 512–513

Displace modifier, 512–514

Material modifier, 511

MaterialByElement modifier, 511–512

overview, 510

mesh

edit geometry, 681–691

Edit Normals modifier, 691–692

Normal modifier, 693

primitive maintenance, 680–681

STL Check modifier, 693

subdivision surface, 693–695

Modifier Stack

applying modifiers, 274

Base Objects, 274

collapsing, 279–281

copying modifiers, 276–277

disabling modifiers, 277

fetching scenes, 279

gizmo subobjects, 281–282

holding scenes, 279

instanced modifiers, 277

modifying subobjects, 282

Object-Space modifiers, 274

overview, 273

pasting modifiers, 276–277

referenced modifiers, 277

removing modifiers, 277

reordering, 277–279

topology dependency, 282

World-Space modifiers, 274

Object-Space versus World-Space, 284

overview, 273, 282–283

Parametric Deformer, 286–303

Selection

FFD Select, 1052

oveview, 284

Select by Channel, 835

Volume Select, 284–286

spline

Bevel modifier, 347–349

Bevel Profile modifier, 348–349

CrossSection modifier, 349

Delete Spline modifier, 342

Edit Spline modifier, 321, 341–342

Fillet/Chamfer modifier, 342

Normalize Spline modifier, 342

overview, 341

Renderable Spline modifier, 342

Shape Check utility, 343–344

Spline Select modifier, 342

Sweep modifier, 343

Trim/Extend modifier, 343

Subdivide, 1098–1099

XRef, 653

Modify panel, Command Panel, 28–29

Modify Selection panel, Graphite Modeling tools, 391–392

monitor resolution, 23

Monitor utility

jobs, 1169–1170

overview, 1168–1169

servers, 1170–1171

Morph Angle Deformer, 1002

Morph modifier, 699–700, 1006

Morph objects

morph keys, creating, 699

Morph modifier versus, 699–700

overview, 697–699

Morpher material, 506–507

Motion Blur

animation rendering, 620

enabling, 177–178, 529–531

render effect, 1136

Motion Capture controller, 868–870

Motion Clip Slave controller, 868

Motion panel, Command Panel

assigning animation controllers in, 602–603

Follow/Bank utility, 577

overview, 28–29, 574

parameters, setting, 574–575

trajectories, 575–577

MotionBuilder, exporting files to, 96

Motor Space Warp, 1040–1041

mouse

middle button, 121–123

scroll wheel, 51–52

MOV (QuickTime) files, 583

moving

animation keys, 904, 912, 917

keys, 904

objects, 194

vertices, 357–358

Mudbox, exporting files to, 96

Multi-Layer shader, 452

multiplier curves, 922–927

MultiRes modifier, 271

Multi/Sub-Object material, 504–506

muscles

CAT, 986–987

muscle strands, 985–986

overview, 985

tutorial, 987–988

.mxp extension, 87

N

Named Selection Sets drop-down list, main toolbar, 25

naming

animation previews, 588

bones, 974–975

objects, 662

primitive objects, 131–132

National Television Standards Committee (NTSC), 566

natural light, 533–534. See also lighting

Navigation toolbar, Track View, 904–905

Nebula technique, Photoshop, 497

Negative filter, Video Post, 1188

nesting groups, 245

Netting technique, Photoshop, 497

Network Job Assignment dialog box, 1163–1165

network rendering

logging errors, 1168

manager settings, 1166–1167

Monitor utility, 1168–1171

overview, 1159–1160

servers settings, 1167

system, 1160–1165

New Scene dialog box, 84

NGon shape primitive, 311, 314

Nitrous viewports, 1204

nodes

colors, 659

connecting, 665

copying modifiers and materials between, 665–666

deleting, 661–662

hiding, 661–662

limiting, 668–669

rearranging, 660–663

renaming objects, 662

selecting, 660

shrinking, 661–662

Noise controller, 606, 1006

Noise map, 478–479

Noise modifier, 291–292

Noise rollout, 468

Noise tool, Freeform tools, 414

non-photorealistic effects

overview, 635

render style, 1204

rendering stylized scenes, 636–637

viewing stylized scenes, 635–636

Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS), 260

Non-Uniform Rational MeshSmooth (NURMS), 394–396

non-uniform scaling, 194

Normal Align button, main toolbar, 26

Normal Align dialog box, 212

Normal Bump map, 488

normal maps

overview, 840

projection mapping options, 841

Projection modifier, 840

tutorial, 841–842

Normal modifier, 693

Normal vectors

aligning, 211–212

cleaning up imported meshes, 262–264

overview, 262

selecting by, 416

viewing, 262

Normalize Spline modifier, 342

note tracks, 929–930

Notifications dialog box, 1165

NTSC (National Television Standards Committee), 566

numbered versions of scene files, 85

Numerical Expression Evaluator dialog box, 883–884

NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines), 260

NURBS Editing menu, 283

NURMS (Non-Uniform Rational MeshSmooth), 394–396

O

OBJ format, importing and exporting files as, 97–99

Object Color dialog box, 132–133

Object Motion Blur, 177, 620

Object Motion Inheritance rollout, Super Spray particle system, 1023

Object Paint tools

overview, 418

Paint Fill mode, 423–424

painting on objects, 422–423

painting with animated objects, 424

painting with multiple objects, 421–422

painting with objects, 419–421

selecting objects to paint with, 418–419

tutorial, 424–425

Object Properties dialog box

Advanced Lighting panel, 178, 1094–1095

cloth, 757–758, 1082–1083

General panel, 173–178

mental ray panel, 178, 1150–1151

overview, 173

User-Defined panel, 178

objects

aligning, 210–216

animating, 580–586

arrays of, 238–243

Body, 736–741

CAD, importing, 735–736

child, 248–249

cloning

copies, 226

instances, 226–227

mirroring objects, 229–231

overview, 223

references, 226–229

spacing cloned objects, 233–235

during specific frame of animation, 231–233

tutorial, 224–225

using Clone and Align tool, 236–238

using Clone command, Edit menu, 223–224

using QClone button, Transform Toolbox, 226

using Shift-clone method, 224

compound

BlobMesh objects, 709–711

Conform objects, 701–703

Connect objects, 715–717

Loft objects, 717–729

Mesher objects, 708–709

Morph objects, 698–700

overview, 697

ProBoolean objects, 729–732

ProCutter objects, 732–734

Scatter objects, 711–715

ShapeMerge objects, 703–706

Terrain objects, 706–708

types of, 697–698

grouping, 245–248

hiding and freezing, 178–182

linking, 249–255

overview, 161

parent, 248–249

pivoting, 206–210

primitive

architecture primitives, 155–159

colors, assigning to, 132–135

creating, 129–131, 135–139

deleting, 138

Extended Primitives, 145–155

naming/renaming, 131–132

overview, 129

parameters, 137, 154

shape primitives, 308–320, 333–334

Standard Primitives, 140–144

undoing mistakes, 138

properties, setting, 173–178

root, 248–249

Scene Explorer dialog box, 187–190

selecting

with Edit menu, 164–167

filters for, 162–163

isolating current selection, 172

locking selection sets, 170–171

with main toolbar buttons, 163–164

multiple, 167–168

named selection sets, 171–172

in other interfaces, 173

overview, 161–162

Paint Selection Region tool, 168–169

tutorial, 169–170

transforming

overview, 193

rotating objects, 194

scaling objects, 194–195

translating (moving) objects, 194

tutorial, 205–206

using main toolbar buttons, 195

using Status Bar Type-In fields, 200

using Transform Gizmos, 195–198

using Transform Managers, 200–205

using Transform Toolbox, 198–199

using Transform Type-In dialog box, 199–200

XRef, 650–652

Object-Space modifiers

overview, 274

World-Space modifiers versus, 284

Obsolete File message, 87, 91

Octagon object, 139, 145

offsetting

Poly objects, 376

spline subobjects, 337

subobjects, 404

OilTank primitive object, 136, 145, 147–148

Omni light, 538

online reference guides, 40–41

On/Off controller, 875–876

opacity

of materials, 65, 430–431, 492

of objects, setting, 175–176

of ViewCube, 47

Open Curve Editor button, main toolbar, 26

open edges, 370

Open Schematic View button, main toolbar, 26

opening

files, 86–87

groups, 246

Optimize tool, Freeform tools, 410

optimizing lights, 548–549

Oren-Nayar-Blinn shader, 452

Orientation constraint, 599

Orientation material property, 492

Orthographic views, 44, 45

out-of-range curves, 922–924

Output map, 486

Output rollout, 468–469

overlays, specifying XRef scenes as, 648

P

Pack dialog box, 814–815

Paint Deform tools

Constrain to Spline option, 414

Exaggerate, 414

Flatten brush, 414

Noise, 414

overview, 413

Pinch/Spread, 414

Push/Pull, 414

Relax/Soften, 414

Revert, 414

Shift, 413–414

Shift Rotate, 413–414

Shift Scale, 413–414

Smudge, 414

Paint Selection Region button, main toolbar, 25

Paint Selection Region tool, 167–169

Painter Options dialog box, 678–679

painting

deformations, 413–414, 673–679

with light, 1100

Object Paint tools, 419–424

Vertex Paint modifier, 791–794

Viewport Canvas, 781–790

weights, 861–862, 998

panning

camera, 519

with lower interface bar control, 52–53

with middle mouse button, 121

with mouse scroll wheel, 51

with SteeringWheel gizmo, 48, 50–51

in Track View, 904

Panorama Exporter Utility, 103, 629

panoramic images, creating, 629–630

Parameter Collector dialog box, 895–896

parameter controllers

Barycentric Morph, 878

Block, 878–880

Boolean, 874

Color RGB, 877

Cubic Morph, 877–878

IK, 880

Limit, 874–875

List, 875

Master Point, 880

On/Off, 875–876

overview, 874

Waveform, 876–877

Parameter Editor dialog box, 897–898

Parameter Wiring dialog box, 891–893

Parametric Deformer modifiers

Affect Region, 286–287

Bend, 287–288

Displace, 288–290

Lattice, 290

Mirror, 290

Noise, 291–292

overview, 286

Preserve, 292

Push, 292

Relax, 292–293

Ripple, 293

Shell, 293–294

Skew, 295–296

Slice, 295

Spherify, 297

Squeeze, 298

Stretch, 296

Substitute, 300

Taper, 299–300

Twist, 298–299

Wave, 301–303

XForm, 300–301

Parametric Deformers menu, 283

parametric objects, editable objects versus, 259–261

Parent Coordinate System, 201

parent objects, 248–249

PArray particle system

overview, 1010, 1026

splitting objects into fragments, 1027

tutorial, 1027–1028

Particle Age map, 479, 1029

Particle Flow system

actions, 1032, 1036

chasing target objects, 1034–1036

helpers, 1034

overview, 1010, 1030

Particle View window, 1031–1032

Standard Flow, 1032

tutorial, 1032–1033, 1036–1038

wiring events, 1034

Particle Generation rollout, Super Spray particle system, 1014–1015

Particle MBlur map, 479, 1029

Particle Spawn rollout, Super Spray particle system, 1023–1025

particle systems

Blizzard, 1025

combining with Space Warps, 1058–1060

creating, 1010–1011

maps, 1028–1030

overview, 261, 1009–1010

PArray, 1026–1028

Particle Flow, 1030–1038

PCloud, 1028

Snow, 1011–1013

Spray, 1011–1012

Super Spray, 1013–1025

Particle Type rollout, Super Spray particle system

Instanced Geometry option, 1020

MetaParticles option, 1018–1019

overview, 1016

tutorial, 1016–1019

Particle View window, 1031–1032

Paste dialog box, 603

pasting

joints, 951

modifiers, 276–277

polygon subobjects, 366

selections, 415

time, 915–916

vertex handle positions, 332

patches, 260

Patch/Spline Editing menu, 283

Path constraint, 594–595

Path Follow Space Warp, 1046

paths

editing, 727

overview, 92

system, 94

user, 92–94

walking along, 982

XRef, 654

PBomb Space Warp, 1044–1045

PCloud particle system, 1010, 1028

Peel mapping, 824–827

Pelt mapping, 824–831

Percent Snap button, main toolbar, 25

Perlin Marble map, 479

persistent dialog boxes, 36

perspective

camera, 516, 519

selecting by, 416

Perspective views, 44

Phong shader, 451

Photographic Exposure Control, 1109

Photometric lights

mr Sky Portal, 1146–1148

overview, 539

parameters, altering, 549–551

photons, 1148–1151

Photoshop, 496–497, 1174–1175

Physique modifier, 291

Pick Coordinate System, 202

Pinch/Spread tool, Freeform tools, 414

pivot distance, selecting by, 416–417

pivot points

adjusting, 209–210

aligning, 207

defined, 250

overview, 206

positioning, 207

Reset XForm utility, 209

transform adjustments, 208–209

transform centers, 202

Working Pivots, 208

pixels, defined, 456

Place Highlight button, main toolbar, 26

placing, defined, 471

Planar hair technique, Photoshop, 496

Plane primitive object, 136, 144

Planet islands technique, Photoshop, 497

Plasma cloud technique, Photoshop, 497

Plate Match/MAX R2 filter, 619

Platonic solids, 138–139

plug-ins, setting preferences, 117

Point objects, 269–270

Point shape, Photometric lights, 551

Point3 controllers, 601

Point-of-View viewport label, 57, 63

Poly objects

creating, 353–355

editing

borders, 373–375

edges, 370–373

geometry, 358–366

overview, 353–354

subobjects, 375–383

vertices, 366–370

overview, 260, 351–352

PolyDraw tools

Branches, 412–413

Conform, 408–410

Drag, 408

Draw On drop-down list, 412

Extend, 410–411

Optimize, 410

overview, 408

Shapes tool, 412

Solve Surface button, 412

Splines, 412

Step Build, 410–411

Strips, 412–413

Surface, 412–413

Topology, 412–413

Polygon Modeling panel, Graphite Modeling tools

Generate Topology option, 388–389

overview, 387–388

Symmetry tools, 390–391

Polygon Properties rollout, 379–381

POmniFlect Space Warp, 1050

Position constraint, 595–596

Position track controllers

Audio, 868

Motion Capture, 868–870

Motion Clip Slave, 868

overview, 600, 867

Quaternion, 870–872

Reaction, 872–873

Position XYZ controller, 608

positioning

pivot points, 207

XRef scenes, 648

Position/Rotation/Scale Transform controller, 866

post-production, 1181. See also Video Post interface

post-render scripts, 618

Preference Settings dialog box

Animation panel, 579

Containers panel, 646

Files panel, 85, 88–92, 95, 119

Gamma and LUT panel, 124

General panel, 116–118, 282

Gizmos panel, 197–198

Help panel, 37

Inverse Kinematics panel, 954–955

mental ray tab, 1143–1144

overview, 115

Radiosity panel, 1102–1103

Rendering panel, 622–623

Viewports panel, 119–124

Premiere, 1175–1176

pre-render scripts, 618

Preserve modifier, 292

previews

ActiveShade window, 625–626

automatically playing, 118

creating, 586–587

overview, 586

renaming, 588

viewing, 588

primitive maintenance modifiers

Edit Mesh, 680

Edit Poly, 680–681

overview, 680

primitive objects

architecture primitives, 155–159

colors, assigning to, 132–135

creating

Platonic solids, 138–139

using Create menu, 129

using Create panel, 130–131

using Creation Method rollout, 135–137

using Keyboard Entry rollout, 137

deleting, 138

naming/renaming, 131–132

overview, 129, 260

parameters, 137, 154

shape primitives

Arc, 313–314

Circle, 313

Creation Method rollout, 311–312

Donut, 314

Ellipse, 313

Helix, 317

Interpolation rollout, 310–311

Keyboard Entry rollout, 311–312

Line, 312–313

NGon, 314

overview, 308–309

Rectangle, 313

Rendering rollout, 310

Section, 317–318, 320

Star, 314, 319, 333–334

Text, 314–317

types of

Extended Primitives, 145–155

Standard Primitives, 140–144

undoing mistakes, 138

Print Size Wizard, 630

printing, 630–631

Prism primitive object, 137, 145, 150

ProBoolean objects, 698, 729–732

procedural Substance textures

applying, 775–776

linking Substance maps, 777–778

loading, 776–777

overview, 775

randomizing, 778–779

selecting, 775–776

tutorial, 779–780

ProCutter objects, 698, 732–734

Progressive Display feature, 73

Project Folder, setting, 87

projection maps, 462

Projection Options dialog box, 841

Prompt Line, lower interface bar, 33

ProOptimizer modifier, 685–687

ProSound plug-in, 935–937

Protractor object, 270

proxies

bitmap, 616–617

container, 645

indirect illumination, 1155

mental ray, 1155

Scatter object, 714

XRef, 653

Pseudo Alpha compositor, 1191

Pseudo Alpha filter, Video Post, 1188

Pseudo Color Exposure Control, 1108–1109

Pumice stone technique, Photoshop, 497

Push modifier, 291–292, 297

Push Space Warp, 1041–1042

pushpin icon, 82

Push/Pull tool, Freeform tools, 414

Pyramid primitive object, 136, 144

Q

QClone (Quick Clone) button, Transform Toolbox, 226

Quadify Mesh modifier, 687–688

quadmenus, 20, 34–35, 324

Quadratic filter, 619

Quaternion (TCB) controller, 870–872

Queue pane, Video Post interface, 1183

Quick Access toolbar, 21, 24, 81–83

Quick Align button, main toolbar, 26

Quick Align tool, 211

Quick Clone (QClone) button, Transform Toolbox, 226

Quick Render (ActiveShade) button, main toolbar, 26

Quick Render (Production) button, main toolbar, 26

Quick Transform buttons, Edit UVWs dialog box, 808–809

Quicksilver Hardware Renderer, 621–622, 636

QuickTime (MOV) files, 583

R

radiosity

overview, 1096–1097

painting with light, 1100

rendering parameters and statistics, 1100–1101

Subdivide modifier, 1098–1099

subdividing meshes for, 1097–1100

tutorial, 1101–1102

Radiosity menu, 283

Radiosity panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 1102–1103

railing AEC object, 157

RAM Player, 626–628

Randomize Keys utility, 913–914

Range pane, Video Post interface, 1183, 1193

ranges, Video Post, 1193–1194

Ray Lens Effect, 1129

Raytrace map, 489

Reaction controller, 872–873

Reaction Manager dialog box, 872–873

Real-World maps, 462

rearranging

nodes, 660–663

user interface for left-handed users, 31–32

recently opened files, 82, 91

Rectangle shape, Photometric lights, 551

Rectangle shape primitive, 311, 313

Rectangular selection method, 166–167

Rectangular Selection Region button, main toolbar, 25

redoing

accessing commands for, 82

methods for, 138

reducing animation keys, 920

Reference Coordinate System drop-down list, main toolbar, 25

reference coordinate systems

overview, 201–202

preferences, setting, 116–117

reference images, loading, 79–80

referenced modifiers, identifying, 277

references, 226–229

refining bones, 947

Reflect color swatches, Material Editor, 430

Reflection Dimming, 431

reflection of materials, 431, 492

Reflect/Refract map, 489

refraction of materials, 431, 492

refreshing viewports, 57

Region render type, 624

Region tool, Curve Editor, 904, 912–913

Region Zoom button, lower interface bar, 52–53

regions

defining, 74–76

selecting objects by, 166–167

Regions panel, Viewport Configuration dialog box, 74–75

regular expressions, 189

Relax brush, 677

Relax modifier, 292–293

Relax Tool dialog box, 810

relaxing UV clusters, 809–810

Relax/Soften tool, Freeform tools, 414

reloading containers, 644

removing

isolated and unused map vertices, 402

maps, 438

materials, 438

modifiers, 277

Rename Objects dialog box, 132

renaming. See naming

render effects

Blur, 1133–1135

Brightness and Contrast, 1135

Color Balance, 1135

Depth of Field, 1137–1138

File Output, 1135–1136

Film Grain, 1136

Lens Effects

Auto Secondary, 1130–1131

global parameters, 1122–1124

Glow, 1124–1128

Manual Secondary, 1132

overview, 1121–1122

Ray, 1129

Ring, 1129

Star, 1129–1130

Streak, 1130

tutorial, 1132–1133

Motion Blur, 1136

overview, 1120–1121

render elements, 1173, 1179–1180

Render Iterative button, main toolbar, 26

Render Setup button, main toolbar, 26

Render Setup dialog box, 1140–1141

Render to Texture dialog box, 835–838

Render UVs dialog box, 818–819

Renderable Spline modifier, 342

Rendered Frame Window

overview, 623–624

previewing with ActiveShade window, 625–626

Render Type options, 624–625

Rendered Frame Window button, main toolbar, 26

rendering

batch, 1157–1159

command-line, 629

environments, creating, 631–633

hair and fur, 754

levels of, 64–65

network

logging errors, 1168

manager settings, 1166–1167

Monitor utility, 1168–1171

overview, 1159–1160

servers settings, 1167

system, 1160–1165

non-photorealistic effects, 635–637

overview, 611

panoramic images, creating, 629–630

parameters

assigning renderers, 618

common, 614–617

Default Scanline Renderer, 618–621

e-mail notifications, 617–618

initiating render jobs, 612–614

overview, 611–612

pre-render and post-render scripts, 618

Quicksilver Hardware Renderer, 621–622

preferences, 622–623

printer help, 630–631

RAM Player, 626–628

Rendered Frame Window, 623–626

setting controls, 176–177

splines, making renderable, 321–322

surface maps, 794–796

UV templates, 818–819

Rendering dialog box, 614

rendering farms, 1159

Rendering panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 622–623

Rendering rollout, 310

reordering

bones, 947

Modifier Stack, 277–279

numbering of vertices, 337

repeating commands, 358–359, 393

replacing objects in files, 87–88

Rescale World Units dialog box, 115

resizing. See scaling; sizing/resizing

Resource Collector utility, 108

reversing time, 916

Revert brush, 677

Revert tool, Freeform tools, 414

Review Strokes dialog box, 122–123

RGB Multiply map, 485

RGB Tint map, 486

Ribbon, 26–28

Ribbon panels

floating, 28

hiding/showing, 27

rigging. See bones

ring arrays, 241–243

Ring Lens Effect, 1129

RingWave primitive object, 137, 145, 148–150

Ripple modifier, 293

Ripple Space Warp, 1052–1054

Rock wall technique, Photoshop, 497

rollouts

overview, 29–30

preferences, setting, 117–118

settings, 118

root objects, 248–249

Rotate Mapping Coordinates dialog box, 468

rotating

borders, 403

edges, 372–373, 403

with middle mouse button, 121

objects, 194

Poly objects, 377

viewports, 52, 54–55

Rotation and Collision rollout, Super Spray particle system, 1020–1022

Rotation and Scale track controllers

Euler XYZ Rotation, 873–874

overview, 601, 873

Smooth Rotation, 874

S

Safe Frames feature, 70–72

Safe Frames panel, Viewport Configuration dialog box, 70–72

Safe Regions, setting, 120

SAT Export dialog box, 740–741

SAT Import dialog box, 736

Save File As dialog box, 84–85

Save Scene State dialog box, 1158–1159

Save Texture Layers dialog box, 788

Save XML Animation File dialog box, 852

saving

changes to viewports, 57

containers, 644

files, 84–85

Scatter object presets, 714

Scale Deformation, Loft object, 724

Scale XYZ controller, 608

scaling

animation keys, 912

non-uniform, 194

overview, 194

squashing objects, 194–195

time, 916

Scanline Renderer, 611

scanning images, 498–499

Scatter objects

Distribution objects, 713–714

overview, 697, 711–712

presets, loading and saving, 714

proxies, 714

Source objects, 712–713

transforms, setting, 714

tutorial, 714–715

scene events, Video Post, 1186–1187

Scene Explorer dialog box

editing in, 189–190

filtering objects, 188

finding objects, 188–189

overview, 187–188

selecting objects, 188

scene files (.max extension), 81, 85, 87

Scene Motion Blur, 178

Schematic View Preferences dialog box, 668–670

Schematic View window

Graph Editors menu options, 655

hierarchies, 663–667, 952

List Views menu, 671–672

menus, 655–656

navigating, 658–659

nodes

colors, 659

connecting, 665

copying modifiers and materials between, 665–666

deleting, 661–662

hiding, 661–662

limiting, 668–669

rearranging, 660–663

renaming objects, 662

selecting, 660

shrinking, 661–662

overview, 90–91, 173, 252, 654–655, 952

preferences, 667–671

toolbar buttons, 656–658

Screen Coordinate System, 201

screen gamma, 125

Script controller, 866–867

SDeflector Space Warp, 1050

seams, creating, 824–831

search expressions, 39, 188–189

Section shape primitive, 311, 317–318, 320

segments, spline

adding to splines, 335

connecting copy to original, 334–336

defined, 334

detaching, 335

overview, 334

Surface Properties rollout, 336

Select Bitmap Image File dialog box, 470

Select by Channel modifier, 835

Select From Scene dialog box, 252

Select Keys by Time utility, 915

Select Preset Categories dialog box, 613

Selected render type, 624

selecting

animation keys, 911

copying and pasting selections, 415

creating shapes from selections, 403

by criteria

by color, 417

by half, 416–417

by material, 437

by normal, 416

by numeric, 417

by perspective, 416

by pivot distance, 416–417

by random, 416–417

by surface, 416

by symmetry, 417

by view, 417

filling selections, 404

hierarchies, 253–254

materials, 436

nodes, 660

Non-Quads tool, 415

objects

with Edit menu, 164–167

filters for, 162–163

isolating current selection, 172

with main toolbar buttons, 24–25, 163–164, 168, 195

multiple, 167–168

in other interfaces, 173

overview, 161–162

Paint Selection Region tool, 168–169

to paint with, 418–419

with Scene Explorer dialog box, 188

selection sets, 170–172

tutorial, 169–170

Open tool, 415

preferences, setting, 117

subobjects

applying modifiers to subobject selections, 269

within Edit UVWs dialog box, 805–807

Soft Selection rollout, 265–268

spline, 322–324

Substance textures, 775–776

terminators, 950

time, 915

selection brackets, 161–162

selection centers, 203

Selection Filter drop-down list, main toolbar, 24

Selection modifiers

FFD Select, 1052

overview, 284

Select by Channel, 835

Volume Select, 284–286

Selection Modifiers menu, 283

selection sets

locking, 170–171

named, 171–172

Selection to Bitmap feature, 795

Self-Illumination color swatches, Material Editor, 430

separating vertices, 396

sequences, Video Post, 1183–1184

Set Key Filters dialog box, 569

Set Key mode, 569

shaders

Anisotropic, 451–452

Blinn, 448–450

defined, 447

Metal, 452–453

Multi-Layer, 452

Oren-Nayar-Blinn, 452

overview, 447–448, 770

Phong, 451

Strauss, 453

Translucent, 453–454

Shading viewport label, 57–58, 63

shadow maps, 536, 1145

shadows. See also lighting

configuring in viewports, 59–62

displaying in viewports, 58–59

overview, 536

parameters, altering, 547–548

rendering options, 177

viewing in viewports, 540

Shape Check utility, 343–344

ShapeMerge objects

Cookie Cutter option, 704

overview, 698, 703–704

tutorial, 704–706

shapes

overview, 260, 307–308

Photometric lights, 551

primitives

Arc, 313–314

Circle, 313

Creation Method rollout, 311–312

Donut, 314

Ellipse, 313

Helix, 317

Interpolation rollout, 310–311

Keyboard Entry rollout, 311–312

Line, 312–313

NGon, 314

overview, 308–309, 311–312

Rectangle, 313

Rendering rollout, 310

Section, 317–318, 320

Star, 314, 319, 333–334

Text, 314–317

Shapes tool, Freeform tools, 412

Sharp Quadratic filter, 619

Shell material, 507

Shell modifier, 293–295

Shellac material, 507

Shift Rotate tool, Freeform tools, 413–414

Shift Scale tool, Freeform tools, 413–414

Shift tool, Freeform tools, 413–414

Shift-clone method, 224

shininess of materials, 431

Simple Additive Compositor, 1191

simple animation controllers

Bézier, 604–605

Linear, 605

Noise, 606

overview, 604–605

Position XYZ, 608

Scale XYZ, 608

Spring, 606–608

Simple Wipe compositor, Video Post, 1191

Simple Wipe Control dialog box, 1188–1189

Simple Wipe filter, Video Post, 1188–1189

sizing/resizing. See also scaling

active viewports, 55–56

Command Panel, 30–31

nodes, 661–662

Paint Selection Brush, 117

toolbar buttons and icons, 118

ViewCube, 47

viewports, 52, 55–56

skeletons. See bones

Skew modifier, 295–296

Skin modifiers

binding to skeletons

deformers, 1001–1002

display settings, 1000–1001

editing envelopes, 993–995

mirror settings, 1000

overview, 991–993

weights, 995–1000

overview, 991

Skin Morph, 1004–1005

Skin Wrap, 1002–1003

skinning process, 991

Skin Morph modifier, 1004–1005

Skin Wrap modifiers, 1002–1003

skinning characters

aspects of character, 989–990

character animation techniques, 1005–1006

overview, 989

Skin modifiers, 991–1005

Skylight, 538

Slate Material Editor

changing material preview, 436–437

controls, 432–434

Material Explorer, 443–445

Material Node View panel, 434–436

material properties, 429–431

Material/Map Browser, 440–442

overview, 429, 432

preferences, setting, 437–438

removing materials and maps, 438

selecting and applying materials, 436

selecting objects by material, 437

utilities, 438–439

Slate Material Editor button, main toolbar, 26

Slate Material Editor Options dialog box, 437–438

Slice modifier, 295

slicing Poly objects, 362–363, 394

sliding animation keys, 912

Smoke map, 480

Smooth modifier, 688

Smooth Rotation controller, 874

smoothing polygon subobjects, 364

SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture Technical Engineers), 566

Smudge tool, Freeform tools, 414

Snap Settings dialog box, 218–220

Snap Toggle buttons, main toolbar, 25

snapping

creating 2D outline of objects, 217–218

creating lattice, 220–221

overview, 216–217

snap options, 216–221

snap points, setting, 218–219

Snaps toolbar, 220

Snaps toolbar, 220

Snapshot command, Tools menu, 231–232

Snapshot dialog box, 231–232

Snow particle system, 1010–1013

Society of Motion Picture Technical Engineers (SMPTE), 566

soft bodies, creating, 861

Soft Selection, 265–268, 911–912

Soften filter, 620

Softimage, exporting files to, 96

Solve Surface button, Freeform tools, 412

SOmniFlect Space Warp, 1050

Source objects, 711–713

Space Warps

binding to objects, 1040

combining particle systems with, 1058–1060

creating, 1039–1040

overview, 1039

types of

Deflector, 1049–1050

Force, 1040–1048

Geometric/Deformable, 1050–1057

Modifier-Based, 1057–1058

overview, 1040

spacebar, 171

spacing cloned objects

overview, 233

tutorial, 235

using Spacing tool, 233–234

Spacing tool, 233–234

Speckle map, 480

Specular color swatches, Material Editor, 430

specular highlights

avoiding in captured images, 498

of materials, 431

shaders and, 450–452

Specular Level material property, 492

Sphere primitive object

creating, 130–131, 135–136

GeoSphere versus, 143–144

overview, 140–142

Sphere shape, Photometric lights, 551

Spherify modifier, 297

Spindle primitive object, 136, 145, 147–148

Spinner Snap Toggle button, main toolbar, 25

spinners

entering Expression controllers in, 883–884

overview, 36

preferences, setting, 117–118

Splat map, 480–481

Spline IK solver, 964–965

Spline mapping, 821–823

Spline Select modifier, 342

splines

editing

geometry, 324–327

making renderable, 321–322

overview, 321

segments, 334–336

subobjects, 336–341

vertices, 327–334

modifiers, 321, 341–344

moving to 3D

Bevel modifier, 347–349

Bevel Profile modifier, 348–349

Boolean operations, 346

CrossSection modifier, 349

extruding, 345

lathing, 347

overview, 344–345

overview, 260

Splines tool, Freeform tools, 412

splitting

objects into fragments, 1027

vertices, 370, 403

Spotlight view, 56

spotlights, 534, 538, 547

Spray particle system, 1010–1012

Spring controller, 606–608, 1006

springs, creating, 862–863

squashing objects, 194–195

Squeeze modifier, 298

Stains on fabric technique, Photoshop, 496

stair AEC object, 158–159

Standard Flow, 1032

Standard lights

Area Omni, 538

Area Spotlight, 538

direct, 538

Omni, 538

Skylight, 538

spotlights, 538

standard materials. See materials

Standard Primitives

Box, 140

Cone, 143

Cylinder, 142

GeoSphere, 143–144

overview, 140

Plane, 144

Pyramid, 144

Sphere, 140–144

Teapot, 142–143

Torus, 142

Tube, 144

Star Lens Effect, 1129–1130

Star shape primitive, 312, 314, 319, 333–334

Starfield filter, Video Post, 1189–1190

Stars Control dialog box, 1189

static objects, MassFX, 1068–1069

statistics, viewing, 76–77

Statistics panel, Viewport Configuration dialog box, 76–77

status bar

overview, 33

transform fields, 200

Video Post interface, 1183

SteeringWheels, 48–51

SteeringWheels panel, Viewport Configuration dialog box, 49–50

Step Build tool, Freeform tools, 410–411

Stitch Tool dialog box, 810–811

stitching subobjects, 810–812

STL Check modifier, 693

Stored Selection panel, Selections tab, 415

straightening UV clusters, 809–810

Strauss shader, 453

Streak Lens Effect, 1130

Stretch modifier, 296

Strips tool, Freeform tools, 412–413

Stroke Preferences dialog box, 122–123

strokes, making with middle mouse button, 121–123

Strokes Utility, 122

Stucco map, 481

stylized scenes

rendering, 636–637

viewing, 635–636

Subdivide modifier, 1098–1099

subdivision surface modifiers

HSDS, 694–695

MeshSmooth, 693

overview, 693

TurboSmooth, 694

Subdivision Surface rollout, 381–382

Subdivision Surfaces menu, 283

sub-materials, setting preferences, 117

submenus, 20–21

subobjects

applying modifiers to selections of, 269

gizmo, 281–282

Graphite Modeling tools, 404–406

modifying, 282

overview, 264–265

polygon, 354–357, 375–382

Soft Selection rollout, 265–268

spline, 322–324, 336–340

Substance textures

applying, 775–776

linking Substance maps, 777–778

loading, 776–777

overview, 775, 1204

randomizing, 778–779

selecting, 775–776

tutorial, 779–780

Substitute modifier, 300

SubSurface map, 795

Subsurface Scattering materials, 774

Summary Info dialog box, 109–110

Sunlight system

azimuth and altitude, 553

Compass helper, 553

date and time, 553

location, 553–554

overview, 551–552

tutorial, 554–555

Super Spray particle system

Basic Parameters rollout, 1014

Bubble Motion rollout, 1023

Load/Save Presets rollout, 1025

Object Motion Inheritance rollout, 1023

overview, 1010, 1013–1014

Particle Generation rollout, 1014–1015

Particle Spawn rollout, 1023–1025

Particle Type rollout, 1016–1020

Rotation and Collision rollout, 1020–1022

SuperSampling rollout, 456–457

Surface constraint, 591–593

surface maps, rendering, 794–796

Surface menu, 283

surface properties

Graphite Modeling tools, 406–407

polygon subobjects, 379–380

splines, 336

Surface Properties rollout, 336

Surface relief texture technique, Photoshop, 496

Surface scratches technique, Photoshop, 496

Surface tool, Freeform tools, 412–413

surfaces

deforming, 673–679

selecting by, 416

Sweep modifier, 343

Swirl map, 475

symmetry, selecting by, 417

Symmetry modifier, 688–690

Symmetry tools, Graphite Modeling tools, 390–391

system paths, 94

System Unit Scale dialog box, 114

system units. See units

T

Tangent Actions toolbar, Track View, 905–906

tangents, 905–906, 921–922

Tape object, 270

Taper modifier, 299–300

Target camera object, 516

Target Direct light, 538

Target Spotlight, 538

TCB (Quaternion) controller, 870–872

Teapot primitive object, 136, 142–143

Tee primitive object, 312

Teeter Deformation, Loft object, 724

temperature-based colors, 550

templates, UV, 818–819

Terrain objects

coloring elevations, 707

overview, 698, 706–707

tutorial, 707–708

Tessellate modifier, 691

tessellation, 364–365

Tetrahedron object, 138–139

Text shape primitive, 311, 314–317

texture maps

exporting to JSR-184 format, 100–101

viewing, 57–58

Texture Tool dialog box, 100–101

Texture Wrap feature, 795

textures

baked

Baked Material rollout, 838

channels, 833–835

general settings, 836

output settings, 837–838

overview, 833, 835–836

selecting objects to bake, 836–837

tutorial, 839

creating

by capturing digital images, 498

overview, 496

by scanning images, 498–499

using Photoshop, 496–497

mapping

Edit UVWs dialog box, 802–824

mapping modifiers, 797–803, 815–818

overview, 797

Peel, 826–827

Pelt, 824–831

preferences, setting, 118–119

reloading updated, 91

Thin Wall Refraction map, 489–490

3D maps

Cellular, 476–477

Dent, 477

Falloff, 477–478

Marble, 478

Noise, 478–479

overview, 476

Particle Age, 479

Particle MBlur, 479

Perlin Marble, 479

Smoke, 480

Speckle, 480

Splat, 480–481

Stucco, 481

Waves, 481–482

Wood, 482

3ds Max 2012. See also user interface exiting, 88

new features and improvements to, 1203–1205

3ds Max Help system. See help resources

three-point perspective, camera, 525

thumbnails, 90

ticks, defined, 566

Tile floor technique, Photoshop, 497

Tiles map, 475–476

tiling maps, 467

time

copying, 915–916

cutting, 915–916

deleting, 915–916

inserting, 916

overview, 915

pasting, 915–916

reversing, 916

scaling, 916

selecting, 915

setting ranges, 916

Sunlight and Daylight systems, 553

Time Configuration dialog box, 567

Time Controls, animation

direction, 567

frame rate, 566–567

lower interface bar, 32–33, 35, 565

overview, 565–566

speed, 567

Time Tags, 568

Time rollout, 468

Time toolbar, Track View, 906–907

title bar, 18–19, 21

toggle buttons, color of, 36

toolbars

Animation Layers, 847–849

docking, 22–23

floating, 22–23

flyouts, 23

InfoCenter, 37–39

main, 24–26

MassFX, 1064–1065

overview, 22

Quick Access, 24

Ribbon, 26–28

Schematic View window, 656–658

tooltips, 23

Track View, 903–908

Video Post interface, 1181–1182

tooltips, 23, 118

Top/Bottom material, 507–508

topology dependency, 282

Topology tool, Freeform tools, 412–413

Torus Knot primitive object, 136, 145, 150–151

Torus primitive object, 136, 142

Track Bar, lower interface bar, 33, 571–572

Track Selection toolbar, Track View, 908

Track View

assigning animation controllers in, 603

controllers, 929–930

filtering tracks, 927–928

function curves

drawing, 919–920

ease curves, 922–924

inserting keys, 917

moving keys, 917

multiplier curves, 922–927

out-of-range curves, 922–924

overview, 916

reducing keys, 920

tangents, 921–922

tutorial, 917–918, 930–935

interface, 901–910

keys, 910–914

overview, 252, 901

ProSound plug-in, 935–937

time, 915–916

track sets, creating, 928–929

Track View Pick dialog box, 879, 885–886

tracks

filtering, 927–928

note, 929–930

sets of, creating, 928–929

visibility, 929

transform centers

overview, 202

pivot point, 202

rotating and scaling objects, 194

selection, 203

settings, 201

transform coordinate, 203

Transform controllers

overview, 600, 866

Position/Rotation/Scale Transform, 866

Script, 866–867

XRef, 867

transform coordinate centers, 203

Transform Gizmos

Move, 196

overview, 195–196

preferences, setting, 197–198

Rotate, 196

Scale, 196–197

Transform Managers

axis constraints, 203–204

locking transformation axes, 204–205

overview, 200–201

reference coordinate systems, 201–202

transform centers, 202–203

Transform Toolbox, 198–199

Transform Type-In dialog box, 199–200

transforming objects

lights, 539

overview, 193

rotating objects, 194

scaling objects, 194–195

translating (moving) objects, 194

tutorial, 205–206

using main toolbar buttons, 195

using Status Bar Type-In fields, 200

using Transform Gizmos, 195–198

using Transform Managers, 200–205

using Transform Toolbox, 198–199

using Transform Type-In dialog box, 199–200

Translucent shader, 453–454

transparency of materials, 65, 430–431, 455

Trim/Extend modifier, 343

trimming splines, 339–340

Tube primitive object, 136, 144

TurboSmooth modifier, 694

Turn to Mesh modifier, 262

Twist Deformation, Loft object, 724

Twist modifier, 298–299

2D drawing. See shapes; splines

2D maps

Bitmap, 469–472

Checker, 472

Combustion, 472–473

Coordinates rollout, 466–468

Gradient, 473

Gradient Ramp, 473–474

Noise rollout, 468

Output rollout, 468–469

overview, 466

Swirl, 475

Tiles, 475–476

Time rollout, 468

2D painting, 788

2D shapes. See shapes

2D splines. See splines

2.5D snap feature, 218

two-point perspective, camera, 525

U

UCS (Universal Coordinate System), 200

UDeflector Space Warp, 1050

UI. See user interface (UI)

UNC (Universal Naming Convention), 88–89

undoing

accessing commands for, 82

changes to viewports, 57

methods for, 17, 138

preferences, setting, 116–117

primitive object mistakes, 138

unfolding loop strips, 823–824

ungrouping objects, 246

units

changing, 5

custom, 114

generic, 114

mismatched, 115

overview, 113–114

rescaling, 115

Units Setup dialog box, 114

Universal Coordinate System (UCS), 200

Universal Naming Convention (UNC), 88–89

Unlink Selection button, main toolbar, 24

unlinking objects, 250

Unwrap Options dialog box, 815–816

Unwrap UVW modifier

overview, 801

Quick Planar Map button, Edit UVs rollout, 803

saving and loading mapping coordinates, 803

selecting UVW subobjects, 801–802

tutorial, 815–818

tweaking vertices in viewport, 803

UOmniFlect Space Warp, 1050

updating

backgrounds, 120–121

containers, 644

XRef scenes, 648

Upnode object, 599

U.S. Standard units system, 113–114

Use Pivot Point Center button, main toolbar, 25

Use Selection Center button, main toolbar, 25

Use Transform Coordinate Center button, main toolbar, 25

user interface (UI)

Command Panel, 28–31

components of, 18–20

help resources, 37–41

interacting with, 34–36

lower interface bar controls, 32–33

menus, 20–22

overview, 17–18, 113

preferences, setting, 116–125

rearranging for left-handed users, 31–32

system units, 113–115

toolbars, 22–28

viewports, 28

user paths, 92–94

User-Defined panel, Object Properties dialog box, 178

Utilities panel, Command Panel, 28–29

UV Coordinates menu, 283

UV coordinates, preserving, 360, 393

UVW coordinate system, 466

UVW Editor interface, 1204

UVW Map modifier, 798–800

UVW Mapping Add modifier, 800

UVW Remove utility, 438

UVW XForm modifier, 801

V

Vector Displacement maps, 512–513

version control system, 85

Vertex Color map, 486–487

vertex normals, setting preferences, 117–118

Vertex Paint modifier

Assign Vertex Color utility, 794

assigning vertex colors, 791

overview, 791

painting vertices, 791–793

tutorial, 793–794

Vertex subobject mode, 354

Vertex Weld modifier, 691

vertices

display options, 175–176

displaying as dots, 120

Graphite Modeling tools, 401–402

polygon, 366–370

selecting and deselecting, 322

spline, 327–333

Video filter, 620

Video Post interface

backgrounds, 1199–1200

events

external, 1192

image filter, 1187–1190

image input, 1185–1186

image layer, 1190–1191

image output, 1192–1193

loop, 1192

overview, 1184–1185

scene, 1186–1187

Lens Effects filters, 1194–1199

overview, 1181

Queue pane, 1183

Range pane, 1183, 1193

ranges, 1193–1194

sequences, 1183–1184

status bar, 1183

toolbar, 1181–1182

View Coordinate System, 201

View File dialog box, 110–112

View render type, 624

ViewCube

hiding/showing, 46

opacity/transparency, 47

overview, 46–47

sizing/resizing, 47

using, 50

ViewCube panel, Viewport Configuration dialog box, 47

viewing

animation previews, 588

cloth tension, 1084–1085

file properties, 110

files quickly, 110–112

key values, 573–574

lights and shadows in viewports, 540

materials in viewports, 57–58

normals, 262

object information, 173–174

scene from lights, 542–544

statistics, 76–77

stylized scenes, 635–636

texture maps, 57–58

transparency, 65

Viewline, 598

Viewport Background dialog box

Animation Synchronization section, 78

Aspect Ratio section, 79

Background Source section, 77–80

Lock Zoom/Pan option, 79

Viewport Canvas

Canvas brushes, 783–785

overview, 781–782

paint layers, 786–788

paint options, 788–789

painting in 2D, 788

painting with images, 785–786

setting up objects for painting, 782–783

tutorial, 790

Viewport Configuration dialog box

Display Performance panel, 72–74

Layout panel, 69–70

Regions panel, 74–75

Safe Frames panel, 70–72

Statistics panel, 76–77

SteeringWheels panel, 49–50

ViewCube panel, 47

Visual Style & Appearance panel, 59–69

Viewport Navigation Controls

Camera view, 56

maximizing, 55–56

overview, 33, 52

panning, 53

rotating, 54–55

Spotlight view, 56

walking through, 53–54

zooming, 53

viewports

Axonometric views, 44

backgrounds, 77–80

changes to, undoing and saving, 57

configuring

display performance, setting, 72–74

layout, altering, 69–70

overview, 63

regions, defining, 74–76

Safe Frames feature, 70–72

statistics, viewing, 76–77

visual style, setting, 63–69

disabling, 57

displaying links in, 251–252

lighting and shadows, 58–62

materials, viewing in, 57–58

mesh problems, locating with xView analysis tool, 62

navigating within

mouse scroll wheel, 51–52

overview, 46

SteeringWheels, 48–50

tutorial, 50–51

ViewCube, 46–47

Viewport Navigation Controls, 52–56

Nitrous, 1204

overview, 19, 28, 43–44

preferences, setting, 119–124

refreshing, 57

types of, 45

viewing lights and shadows in, 540

Viewports panel, Preference Settings dialog box, 119–124

views. See also Schematic View window; Track View; viewports

aligning objects to, 213

aligning vertices to, 365

Axonometric, 44

camera, creating, 516–518

selecting by, 417

Views menu, changing viewport display with, 57–62

visibility tracks, 929

Visual Style & Appearance panel, Viewport Configuration dialog box, 59–69

VIZ Render files (.drf extension), 86

Volume Fog effect, 1117–1119

Volume Light effect, 1120

Volume Lights

overview, 555

parameters, 555–557

projector maps, 559–560

raytraced shadows, 559, 561

tutorial, 557–559

Volume Select modifier, 284–286

Vortex Space Warp, 1043

VPX files, 1183

W

walk cycles, creating with motion layers

controlling footsteps and limbs, 982

controlling secondary motions, 983

matching footsteps to ground, 983

overview, 977, 980–981

parameters, setting, 981

tutorial, 983–984

walking along paths, 982

walk throughs

with camera control, 519

with lower interface bar control, 52–53

overview, 53–54

with SteeringWheel gizmo, 48

with Walkthrough Assistant, 54, 599–600

wall AEC object, 157

Wave modifier, 301–303

Wave Space Warp, 1052–1054

Waveform controller, 876–877

Waves map, 481–482

Week Schedule dialog box, 1170–1171

Weight Table, 997–998

Weight Tool, 996–997

Weight value

Graphite Modeling tools, 402

vertices, 370

weights

applying, 998–999

mirroring, 1000

overview, 995–996

painting, 861–862, 998

Weight Table, 997–998

Weight Tool, 996–997

Welcome Screen (Welcome to 3ds Max dialog box), 39–40, 83

welding

end points, 326

subobjects, 810–812

vertices, 329–330, 368–369, 402

Wide Flange primitive object, 312

wildcards, 188

Wind Space Warp, 1046–1047

window AEC object, 158

Window selection method, 117, 166

Window/Crossing Toggle button, main toolbar, 25

WIRE files, 1205

wired parameters

manipulator helpers, 893–894

overview, 891

Parameter Wiring dialog box, 891–893

Wood map, 482

Working Coordinate System, 202

World Coordinate System, 201

world object, defined, 249

World-Space modifiers (WSM), 274, 284

WRectangle primitive object, 312

X

XAF (XML Animation File) format, 852

XForm modifier, 284, 300–301

XRef controllers, 653–654, 867

XRef Objects dialog box, 651–652

XRef Scenes dialog box, 647

XRefs (external references)

controllers, 653–654

materials, 652–653

modifiers, 653

objects, 650–652

overview, 646

paths, 654

proxies, 653

scenes, 646–650

xView analysis tool, 62

XYZ coordinate system, 466

Z

.zip files, 86

zooming

with camera, 519

with lower interface bar controls, 52–53

with middle mouse button, 121

with mouse scroll wheel, 51

with Schematic View navigation, 658

with SteeringWheel gizmo, 48–51

in Track View, 904