van der Pol, Balthasar (1889–1959), 552

van der Pol's equation, 552

Vandermonde determinant, 204, 289

Vandermonde matrix, 204, 260

Variable gravitational acceleration, 99

Variables:

• free, 151, 239

• leading, 151, 239

Variation of parameters, 322, 485

• formula, 324, 486

Vector:

• 2-vector, 214

• 3-vector, 212

• basic unit, 176, 218

• column, 148, 169

• component, 212

• coordinates, 211

• length, 213, 251

• multiplication by scalar, 213, 223

• n-vector, 222

• norm, 658

• orthogonal, 252

• row, 166, 169

• scalar product, 167

• sum, 212, 222

• unit, 176, 218

• zero, 213, 223

Vector addition, 212, 222

Vector space, 223

• basis of, 235

• dimension, 237

• finite-dimensional, 237

• infinite dimensional, 237

• of functions, 224, 259

• subspace, 224

Velocity, 11

• limiting, 20

Verhulst, Pierre-François (1804–1849), 78

Verne, Jules (1828–1905), 100, 103

Vertical motion with gravitational acceleration, 13

• with air resistance, 95

Viscosity, 313

Volterra, Vito (1860–1940), 526