Know the differences between laptop processors and desktop processors. Laptops have less room in them, so it makes sense that laptop processors are smaller than their desktop brethren. They also operate at lower voltages, have more advanced power-down or sleep modes, and are often soldered directly to the motherboard. Finally, chipsets such as the Intel Pentium M chipset also include built-in video processing and networking capabilities.

Understand the differences between laptop memory standards and desktop memory standards. Continuing a main theme of this chapter, memory in laptops needs to be smaller than in desktops, and so it is. The two main standards for laptop memory are SODIMM and MicroDIMM.

Understand the various power sources for laptops. You should know that the Li-ion battery is the preferred rechargeable power source for laptops and that active power supplies that plug into AC and DC power sources are available. Additionally, knowing the difference between autoswitching and fixed power supplies is essential.

Know the various input devices and expansion buses and ports found on laptop computers. Although many of these technologies are available in desktop computers as well, the science behind outfitting laptops with similar functionality presents unique details the A+ technician should know. PC Card–based expansion buses have their own specific traits, which you should be familiar with.

Know where to get service manuals for laptops. Service manuals can be found at the laptop manufacturers’ websites.

Be familiar with the components of an LCD. LCDs are made up of the video card, backlight, inverter, and screen.

Know how to recognize internal laptop expansion slot types. Two types of internal expansion slots are Mini PCI and Mini PCIe. There are six Mini PCI form factors. Mini PCIe has a 52-pin card edge connector.

Know how to replace hardware devices from laptops. Components are typically accessed either from the bottom of the case or by removing the keyboard and accessing them from the top. Each laptop is different, so be sure to consult your documentation.