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Section VII: Power Quality and EMI Issues
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Section VII: Power Quality and EMI Issues
by Muhammad H. Rashid
Power Electronics Handbook, 4th Edition
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
1: Introduction
Abstract
1.1 Power Electronics Defined
1.2 Key Characteristics
1.3 Trends in Power Supplies
1.4 Conversion Examples
1.5 Tools for Analysis and Design
1.6 Sample Applications
1.7 Summary
Section I: Power Electronic Devices
2: Semiconductor Diodes and Transistors
Abstract
2.1 Semiconductor Diode
2.2 Power Bipolar Transistor
2.3 Power MOSFET
2.4 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
2.5 Swtiching evaluation of a Real MOSFET
2.6 Heatsink Thermal Design for Power Semiconductors
2.7 Transistor Selection Criteria
3: Thyristors
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basic Structure and Operation
3.3 Static Characteristics
3.4 Dynamic Switching Characteristics
3.5 Thyristor Parameters
3.6 Types of Thyristors
3.7 Gate Drive Requirements
3.8 Applications
4: Static Induction Devices
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theory of Static Induction Devices
4.3 Characteristics of SIT
4.4 Bipolar Mode Operation of SI devices (BSIT)
4.5 Emitters for Static Induction Devices
4.6 Static Induction Diode
4.7 Lateral Punch-Through Transistor
4.8 Static Induction Transistor Logic
4.9 BJT Saturation Protected by SIT
4.10 Static Induction MOS Transistor
4.11 Space Charge Limiting Load (SCLL)
4.12 Power MOS Transistors
4.13 Static Induction Thyristor
4.14 Gate Turn Off Thyristor
5: SiC and GaN Power Semiconductor Devices
Abstract
5.1 Background
5.2 Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride Materials
5.3 SiC Power Devices
5.4 GaN Power Devices
Appendix Lightly Doped Drift Region Thickness
6: Power Electronic Modules
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Discrete Power Devices Versus Power Modules
6.3 An Example of Power Module
6.4 Manufacturing Process
6.5 Types of Power Electronic Modules
6.6 Thermal Management of Power Modules
6.7 Reliability of Power Modules
6.8 Design Guidelines and Considerations
Section II: Power Conversion
7: Diode Rectifiers
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Single-Phase Diode Rectifiers
7.3 Three-Phase Diode Rectifiers
7.4 Poly-Phase Diode Rectifiers
7.5 Filtering Systems in Rectifier Circuits
7.6 High-Frequency Diode Rectifier Circuits
8: Single-Phase Controlled Rectifiers
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Line-Commutated Single-Phase Controlled Rectifiers
8.3 Unity Power Factor Single-Phase Rectifiers
9: Three-Phase Controlled Rectifiers
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Line-Commutated Controlled Rectifiers
9.3 Force-Commutated Three-Phase Controlled Rectifiers
10: DC-DC Converters
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 DC Choppers
10.3 Step-Down (Buck) Converter
10.4 Step-Up (Boost) Converter
10.5 Buck-Boost Converter
10.6 Äuk Converter
10.7 Effects of Parasitic Components
10.8 Synchronous and Bidirectional Converters
10.9 Control Principles
10.10 Applications of DC-DC Converters
11: Inverters
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Single-Phase Inverters
11.3 Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters
11.4 Three-Phase Current Source Inverters
11.5 Multilevel Inverters
11.6 Closed-Loop Operation of Inverters
11.7 Regeneration in Inverters
12: Resonant and Soft-Switching Converters
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Classification
12.3 Resonant Switch
12.4 Quasi-Resonant Converters
12.5 ZVS in High Frequency Applications
12.6 Multi-resonant Converters
12.7 Zero-voltage-transition Converters
12.8 Non-dissipative Active Clamp Network
12.9 Load Resonant Converters
12.10 Control Circuits for Resonant Converters
12.11 Extended-Period Quasi-Resonant Converters
12.12 Soft-Switching and EMI Suppression
12.13 Snubbers and Soft-Switching for High Power Devices
12.14 Soft-Switching DC-AC Power Inverters
13: Multilevel Power Converters
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Multilevel Power Converter Structures
13.3 Multilevel Converter PWM Modulation Strategies
13.4 Conclusion
14: AC-AC Converters
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Single-Phase AC-AC Voltage Controller
14.3 Three-Phase AC-AC Voltage Controllers
14.4 Cycloconverters
14.5 Matrix Converter
14.6 High Frequency Linked Single-Phase to Three-Phase Matrix Converters
14.7 Applications of AC-AC Converters
15: Multiphase Converters
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Types and Topologies of Multiphase Converters
15.3 Multiphase Multipulse AC-DC Converters
15.4 Multiphase DC-AC Converters
15.5 Multiphase AC-AC Converter
15.6 Multiphase DC-DC Converter
16: Power Factor Correction Circuits
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Definition of PF and THD
16.3 Power Factor Correction
16.4 CCM Shaping Technique
16.5 DCM Input Technique
16.6 Summary
17: Magnetic Circuit Design for Power Electronics
Abstract
Acknowledgment
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Magnetic Materials and Characteristics
17.3 Magnetic Circuits
17.4 Transformer Design
17.5 High-Frequency Effects
Section III: General Applications
18: Solid-State Pulsed Power Modulators and Capacitor Charging Applications
Abstract
Acknowledgments
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Power Semiconductors for PP
18.3 Load Types and Requirements
18.4 Solid-State PP Topologies
18.5 Power Electronics in Capacitor Charging Applications
18.6 Conclusions and Future Trends
19: Uninterruptible Power Supplies
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Classifications
19.3 Performance Evaluation
19.4 Applications
19.5 Control Techniques
19.6 Energy Storage Devices
20: Power Supplies
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Linear Series Voltage Regulator
20.3 Linear Shunt Voltage Regulator
20.4 Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators
20.5 Switching Regulators
21: Electronic Ballasts
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 High Frequency Supply of Discharge Lamps
21.3 Discharge Lamp Modeling
21.4 Resonant Inverters for Electronic Ballasts
21.5 High-Power Factor Electronic Ballasts
21.6 Applications
22: Wireless Power Transfer
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Methods of Wireless Power Transfer
22.3 Inductive WPT System Applications
22.4 Resonant Inductive WPT System Design
22.5 WPT Systems With Multiple Coils
22.6 A Glance Into WPT Power Source Converter
22.7 Efficient Magnetic Link Design
22.8 Summary
Section IV: Power Generation and Distribution
23: Energy Sources
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Available Energy Sources
23.3 Electric Energy Generation Technologies
23.4 Conclusions
24: Photovoltaic System Conversion
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Solar Cell Characteristics
24.3 Photovoltaic Technology Operation
24.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Components
24.5 MPPT Controlling Algorithms
24.6 Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System
24.7 Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System
24.8 Factors Affecting PV Output
24.9 PV System Design
25: Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Sources
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Power Systems
25.3 Power Electronics for Wind Power Systems
25.4 Power Electronics for Hybrid Energy Systems
26: Electric Power Transmission
Abstract
26.1 Elements of Power System
26.2 Generators and Transformers
26.3 Transmission Line
26.4 Factors That Limit Power Transfer in Transmission Line
26.5 Effect of Temperature on Conductor Sag or Tension
26.6 Standard and Guidelines on Thermal Rating Calculation
26.7 Optimizing Power Transmission Capacity
26.8 Overvoltages and Insulation Requirements of Transmission Lines
26.9 Methods of Controlling Overvoltages
26.10 Insulation Coordination
27: HVDC Transmission
Abstract
Acknowledgments
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Main Components of HVDC Converter Station
27.3 Analysis of Converter Bridge
27.4 Controls and Protection
27.5 MTDC Operation
27.6 Application
27.7 Modern Trends
27.8 VSC-HVDC System
27.9 Control of VSC-HVDC System
27.10 HVDC System Simulation Techniques
27.11 Concluding Remarks
28: Flexible AC Transmission Systems
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Ideal Shunt Compensator
28.3 Ideal Series Compensator
28.4 Synthesis of FACTS Controllers
28.5 Ancillary Services
Section V: Motor Drive
29: Drive Types and Specifications
Abstract
29.1 An Overview
29.2 Drives Requirements and Specifications
29.3 Drive Classifications and Characteristics
29.4 Load Profiles and Characteristics
29.5 VSD Topologies
29.6 PWM-VSI DRIVE
29.7 Applications
29.8 Summary
30: Motor Drives
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 DC Motor Drives
30.3 Induction Motor Drives
30.4 Synchronous Motor Drives
30.5 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
30.6 Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drives
30.7 Servo Drives
30.8 Stepper Motor Drives
30.9 Switched-Reluctance Motor Drives
30.10 Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives
31: Fundamentals of Power Electronics Controlled Electric Propulsion
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Electric Vehicular Technology
31.3 Classification of Electric Vehicular Technology [6]
31.4 Electrical Propulsion System
31.5 Electronic Control Unit
31.6 Power Management and Control Algorithm
31.7 Summary
32: Automotive Applications of Power Electronics
Abstract
32.1 Introduction
32.2 The Present Automotive Electrical Power System
32.3 System Environment
32.4 Functions Enabled by Power Electronics
32.5 Multiplexed Load Control
32.6 Electromechanical Power Conversion
32.7 Dual/High Voltage Automotive Electrical Systems
32.8 Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
32.9 Summary
33: Fuel-Cell Systems for Transportations
Abstract
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Hydrogen Infrastructure and Vehicle Hydrogen Storage System
33.3 Fuel Cells and Types
33.4 Fuel Cell System Components
33.5 Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications
33.6 Conclusion
34: Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles
Abstract
34.1 Introduction to Wireless Electric Vehicles
34.2 Static Inductive Charging of Battery Electric Vehicles
34.3 Dynamic Inductive Charging of Road Powered Electric Vehicles
34.4 Design Considerations of Wireless Electric Vehicles
34.5 Summary
Section VI: Control
35: Linear and Nonlinear Control of Switching Power Converters
Abstract
Acknowledgments
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Switching Power Converter Control Using State-Space Averaged Models
35.3 Sliding-Mode Control of Switching Power Converters
35.4 Predictive Optimum Control of Switching Power Converters
35.5 Fuzzy Logic Control of Switching power converters
35.6 Backstepping Control of Switching Power Converters
35.7 Conclusions
36: Fuzzy-Logic Applications in Electric Drives and Power Electronics
Abstract
Acknowledgments
36.1 Introduction
36.2 PI/PD-Like Fuzzy Control Structure
36.3 FNN PI/PD-Like Fuzzy Control Architecture
36.4 Learning Algorithm-Based EKF
36.5 Fuzzy PID Control Design-Based Genetic Optimization
36.6 Classical PID Versus Fuzzy-PID Controller
36.7 Genetic-Based Autotuning of Fuzzy-PID Controller
36.8 Fuzzy and H∞ Control Designâ Control Design
36.9 Fuzzy Control for DC-DC Converters
36.10 Fuzzy Control Design for Switch-Mode Power Converters
36.11 Optimum Topology of the Fuzzy Controller
36.12 Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Control System for DC-DC Converters
36.13 Summary
37: Artificial Neural Network Applications in Power Electronics and Electric Drives
Abstract
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Conventional and Neural Function Approximators
37.3 ANN-Based Estimation in Induction Motor Drives
37.4 ANN-Based Controls in Motor Drives
37.5 ANN-Based Controls in Power Converters
38: Novel AI-Based Soft Computing Applications in Motor Drives
Abstract
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Differences Between GA and PSO and Other Evolutionary Computation Techniques
38.3 Single Objective Genetic Optimization Search Algorithm (SOGA)
38.4 Single Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Search Algorithm (SOPSO)
38.5 Multiobjective Optimization (MOO)
38.6 Multiobjective Genetic Optimization Search Algorithm (MOGA)
38.7 Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Search Algorithm (MOPSO)
38.8 GA and PSO Applications in Speed Control of Motor Drives
38.9 Conclusion
39: DSP-Based Control of Variable Speed Drives
Abstract
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Variable Speed Control of AC Machines
39.3 General Structure of a Three-Phase AC Motor Controller
39.4 DSP-Based Control of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Machines
39.5 DSP-Based Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
39.6 DSP-Based Vector Control of Induction Motors
40: Predictive Control of Power Electronic Converters
Abstract
Acknowledgment
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Theory of Predictive Control
40.3 Types of Predictive Control
40.4 Model Predictive Control for Power Electronics
40.5 MPC Applications in Power Electronic
Section VII: Power Quality and EMI Issues
41: Active Power Filters
Abstract
Acknowledgments
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Types of Active Power Filters
41.3 Series Active Power Filters
41.4 Hybrid Active Power Filters
41.5 Predictive Control in Active Power Filters
42: EMI Effects of Power Converters
Abstract
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Power Converters as Sources of EMI
42.3 Measurements of Conducted EMI
42.4 EMI Filters
42.5 Random Pulse Width Modulation
42.6 Other Means of Noise Suppression
42.7 EMC Standards
43: Power Electronics Standards
Abstract
43.1 Introduction
43.2 General Review of Power Electronics Standards
43.3 Examples of IEEE Power Electronics Standards
43.4 Conclusions
Section VIII: Simulation and Packaging
44: Computer Simulation of Power Electronics and Motor Drives
Abstract
44.1 Introduction
44.2 Use of Simulation Tools for Design and Analysis
44.3 Simulation of Power Electronics Circuits With LTspice
44.4 Simulations of Power Electronic Circuits and Electric Machines
44.5 Simulations of AC Induction Machines Using Field Oriented (Vector) Control
44.6 Simulation of Sensorless Vector Control Using LTspice
44.7 Conclusions
45: Design for Reliability of Power Electronic Systems
Abstract
45.1 Introduction
45.2 Power Electronic Converters and Mission Profiles
45.3 Design for Reliability (DfR) of Power Electronic Systems
45.4 Case Study
45.5 Summary
46: Thermal Modeling and Analysis of Power Electronic Components and Systems
Abstract
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Background
46.3 Semiconductor Device Modelling
46.4 Magnetic Components
46.5 Thermal Conduction
46.6 Convection
46.7 Radiation
46.8 Steady State Thermal Circuit Modeling
46.9 Dynamic Thermal Circuit Modeling
46.10 Approximating Distributed Thermal Behaviour Using Ladder Networks
46.11 Transient Thermal Impedance
46.12 Procedure to Calculate the Transient Thermal Impedance
46.13 Finite Element Numerical Methods
46.14 Dynamic Thermal Equivalent Circuit Models
46.15 Summary
Index
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Power Quality and EMI Issues
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