We are going to look at the Arduino-ROS interface first. Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software (https://www.arduino.cc/). Arduino perceives the environment by receiving inputs from many sensors and affects its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. Arduino can be used for the quick prototyping of robots. The main applications of Arduino in robotics are interfacing sensors and actuators for the computer system using the UART interface. Most of the Arduino boards are powered by Atmel microcontrollers, which are available from 8-bit to 32-bit, with clock speeds from 8 MHz to 84 MHz.

There are a variety of Arduino boards available on the market. However, selecting one of them is dependent on the nature of the robotic application you're developing. Some of them include Arduino UNO, Arduino Mega, and Arduino DUE, which are categorized as beginner, intermediate, and high-end, respectively.