In this chapter, you learned the concepts and techniques required to understand and interpret assembly code. This chapter also highlighted the key differences between the x32 and x64 architectures. The disassembly and decompiling (static code analysis) skills that you learned in this chapter will help you to gain a deeper understanding of how malicious code works, at a low level. In the next chapter, we will look at code analysis tools (disassemblers and debuggers), and you will learn how the various features offered by these tools can ease your analysis and help you inspect the code associated with the malicious binary.