Fingerprinting involves generating the cryptographic hash values for the suspect binary based on its file content. The cryptographic hashing algorithms such as MD5, SHA1 or SHA256 are considered the de facto standard for generating file hashes for the malware specimens. The following list outlines the use of cryptographic hashes:

• Identifying a malware specimen based on filename is ineffective because the same malware sample can use different filenames, but the cryptographic hash that is calculated based on the file content will remain the same. Hence, a cryptographic hash for your suspect file serves as a unique identifier throughout the course of analysis.
• During dynamic analysis, when malware is executed, it can copy itself to a different location or drop another piece of malware. Having the cryptographic hash of the sample can help in identifying whether the newly dropped/copied sample is the same as the original sample or a different one. This information can assist you in deciding whether the analysis needs to be performed on a single sample or multiple samples.
• File hash is frequently used as an indicator to share with other security researchers to help them identify the sample.
• File hash can be used to determine whether the sample has been previously detected by searching online or searching the database of multi Anti-virus scanning service like VirusTotal.