Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Contributors

1: Introduction

Abstract

1.1 Power Electronics Defined

1.2 Key Characteristics

1.3 Trends in Power Supplies

1.4 Conversion Examples

1.5 Tools for Analysis and Design

1.6 Sample Applications

1.7 Summary

Section I: Power Electronic Devices

2: Semiconductor Diodes and Transistors

Abstract

2.1 Semiconductor Diode

2.2 Power Bipolar Transistor

2.3 Power MOSFET

2.4 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

2.5 Swtiching evaluation of a Real MOSFET

2.6 Heatsink Thermal Design for Power Semiconductors

2.7 Transistor Selection Criteria

3: Thyristors

Abstract

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Basic Structure and Operation

3.3 Static Characteristics

3.4 Dynamic Switching Characteristics

3.5 Thyristor Parameters

3.6 Types of Thyristors

3.7 Gate Drive Requirements

3.8 Applications

4: Static Induction Devices

Abstract

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Theory of Static Induction Devices

4.3 Characteristics of SIT

4.4 Bipolar Mode Operation of SI devices (BSIT)

4.5 Emitters for Static Induction Devices

4.6 Static Induction Diode

4.7 Lateral Punch-Through Transistor

4.8 Static Induction Transistor Logic

4.9 BJT Saturation Protected by SIT

4.10 Static Induction MOS Transistor

4.11 Space Charge Limiting Load (SCLL)

4.12 Power MOS Transistors

4.13 Static Induction Thyristor

4.14 Gate Turn Off Thyristor

5: SiC and GaN Power Semiconductor Devices

Abstract

5.1 Background

5.2 Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride Materials

5.3 SiC Power Devices

5.4 GaN Power Devices

Appendix Lightly Doped Drift Region Thickness

6: Power Electronic Modules

Abstract

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Discrete Power Devices Versus Power Modules

6.3 An Example of Power Module

6.4 Manufacturing Process

6.5 Types of Power Electronic Modules

6.6 Thermal Management of Power Modules

6.7 Reliability of Power Modules

6.8 Design Guidelines and Considerations

Section II: Power Conversion

7: Diode Rectifiers

Abstract

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Single-Phase Diode Rectifiers

7.3 Three-Phase Diode Rectifiers

7.4 Poly-Phase Diode Rectifiers

7.5 Filtering Systems in Rectifier Circuits

7.6 High-Frequency Diode Rectifier Circuits

8: Single-Phase Controlled Rectifiers

Abstract

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Line-Commutated Single-Phase Controlled Rectifiers

8.3 Unity Power Factor Single-Phase Rectifiers

9: Three-Phase Controlled Rectifiers

Abstract

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Line-Commutated Controlled Rectifiers

9.3 Force-Commutated Three-Phase Controlled Rectifiers

10: DC-DC Converters

Abstract

10.1 Introduction

10.2 DC Choppers

10.3 Step-Down (Buck) Converter

10.4 Step-Up (Boost) Converter

10.5 Buck-Boost Converter

10.6 Ćuk Converter

10.7 Effects of Parasitic Components

10.8 Synchronous and Bidirectional Converters

10.9 Control Principles

10.10 Applications of DC-DC Converters

11: Inverters

Abstract

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Single-Phase Inverters

11.3 Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters

11.4 Three-Phase Current Source Inverters

11.5 Multilevel Inverters

11.6 Closed-Loop Operation of Inverters

11.7 Regeneration in Inverters

12: Resonant and Soft-Switching Converters

Abstract

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Classification

12.3 Resonant Switch

12.4 Quasi-Resonant Converters

12.5 ZVS in High Frequency Applications

12.6 Multi-resonant Converters

12.7 Zero-voltage-transition Converters

12.8 Non-dissipative Active Clamp Network

12.9 Load Resonant Converters

12.10 Control Circuits for Resonant Converters

12.11 Extended-Period Quasi-Resonant Converters

12.12 Soft-Switching and EMI Suppression

12.13 Snubbers and Soft-Switching for High Power Devices

12.14 Soft-Switching DC-AC Power Inverters

13: Multilevel Power Converters

Abstract

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Multilevel Power Converter Structures

13.3 Multilevel Converter PWM Modulation Strategies

13.4 Conclusion

14: AC-AC Converters

Abstract

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Single-Phase AC-AC Voltage Controller

14.3 Three-Phase AC-AC Voltage Controllers

14.4 Cycloconverters

14.5 Matrix Converter

14.6 High Frequency Linked Single-Phase to Three-Phase Matrix Converters

14.7 Applications of AC-AC Converters

15: Multiphase Converters

Abstract

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Types and Topologies of Multiphase Converters

15.3 Multiphase Multipulse AC-DC Converters

15.4 Multiphase DC-AC Converters

15.5 Multiphase AC-AC Converter

15.6 Multiphase DC-DC Converter

16: Power Factor Correction Circuits

Abstract

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Definition of PF and THD

16.3 Power Factor Correction

16.4 CCM Shaping Technique

16.5 DCM Input Technique

16.6 Summary

17: Magnetic Circuit Design for Power Electronics

Abstract

Acknowledgment

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Magnetic Materials and Characteristics

17.3 Magnetic Circuits

17.4 Transformer Design

17.5 High-Frequency Effects

Section III: General Applications

18: Solid-State Pulsed Power Modulators and Capacitor Charging Applications

Abstract

Acknowledgments

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Power Semiconductors for PP

18.3 Load Types and Requirements

18.4 Solid-State PP Topologies

18.5 Power Electronics in Capacitor Charging Applications

18.6 Conclusions and Future Trends

19: Uninterruptible Power Supplies

Abstract

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Classifications

19.3 Performance Evaluation

19.4 Applications

19.5 Control Techniques

19.6 Energy Storage Devices

20: Power Supplies

Abstract

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Linear Series Voltage Regulator

20.3 Linear Shunt Voltage Regulator

20.4 Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators

20.5 Switching Regulators

21: Electronic Ballasts

Abstract

21.1 Introduction

21.2 High Frequency Supply of Discharge Lamps

21.3 Discharge Lamp Modeling

21.4 Resonant Inverters for Electronic Ballasts

21.5 High-Power Factor Electronic Ballasts

21.6 Applications

22: Wireless Power Transfer

Abstract

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Methods of Wireless Power Transfer

22.3 Inductive WPT System Applications

22.4 Resonant Inductive WPT System Design

22.5 WPT Systems With Multiple Coils

22.6 A Glance Into WPT Power Source Converter

22.7 Efficient Magnetic Link Design

22.8 Summary

Section IV: Power Generation and Distribution

23: Energy Sources

Abstract

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Available Energy Sources

23.3 Electric Energy Generation Technologies

23.4 Conclusions

24: Photovoltaic System Conversion

Abstract

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Solar Cell Characteristics

24.3 Photovoltaic Technology Operation

24.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Components

24.5 MPPT Controlling Algorithms

24.6 Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System

24.7 Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System

24.8 Factors Affecting PV Output

24.9 PV System Design

25: Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Power Systems

25.3 Power Electronics for Wind Power Systems

25.4 Power Electronics for Hybrid Energy Systems

26: Electric Power Transmission

Abstract

26.1 Elements of Power System

26.2 Generators and Transformers

26.3 Transmission Line

26.4 Factors That Limit Power Transfer in Transmission Line

26.5 Effect of Temperature on Conductor Sag or Tension

26.6 Standard and Guidelines on Thermal Rating Calculation

26.7 Optimizing Power Transmission Capacity

26.8 Overvoltages and Insulation Requirements of Transmission Lines

26.9 Methods of Controlling Overvoltages

26.10 Insulation Coordination

27: HVDC Transmission

Abstract

Acknowledgments

27.1 Introduction

27.2 Main Components of HVDC Converter Station

27.3 Analysis of Converter Bridge

27.4 Controls and Protection

27.5 MTDC Operation

27.6 Application

27.7 Modern Trends

27.8 VSC-HVDC System

27.9 Control of VSC-HVDC System

27.10 HVDC System Simulation Techniques

27.11 Concluding Remarks

28: Flexible AC Transmission Systems

Abstract

28.1 Introduction

28.2 Ideal Shunt Compensator

28.3 Ideal Series Compensator

28.4 Synthesis of FACTS Controllers

28.5 Ancillary Services

Section V: Motor Drive

29: Drive Types and Specifications

Abstract

29.1 An Overview

29.2 Drives Requirements and Specifications

29.3 Drive Classifications and Characteristics

29.4 Load Profiles and Characteristics

29.5 VSD Topologies

29.6 PWM-VSI DRIVE

29.7 Applications

29.8 Summary

30: Motor Drives

Abstract

30.1 Introduction

30.2 DC Motor Drives

30.3 Induction Motor Drives

30.4 Synchronous Motor Drives

30.5 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives

30.6 Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor Drives

30.7 Servo Drives

30.8 Stepper Motor Drives

30.9 Switched-Reluctance Motor Drives

30.10 Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives

31: Fundamentals of Power Electronics Controlled Electric Propulsion

Abstract

31.1 Introduction

31.2 Electric Vehicular Technology

31.3 Classification of Electric Vehicular Technology [6]

31.4 Electrical Propulsion System

31.5 Electronic Control Unit

31.6 Power Management and Control Algorithm

31.7 Summary

32: Automotive Applications of Power Electronics

Abstract

32.1 Introduction

32.2 The Present Automotive Electrical Power System

32.3 System Environment

32.4 Functions Enabled by Power Electronics

32.5 Multiplexed Load Control

32.6 Electromechanical Power Conversion

32.7 Dual/High Voltage Automotive Electrical Systems

32.8 Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

32.9 Summary

33: Fuel-Cell Systems for Transportations

Abstract

33.1 Introduction

33.2 Hydrogen Infrastructure and Vehicle Hydrogen Storage System

33.3 Fuel Cells and Types

33.4 Fuel Cell System Components

33.5 Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications

33.6 Conclusion

34: Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

34.1 Introduction to Wireless Electric Vehicles

34.2 Static Inductive Charging of Battery Electric Vehicles

34.3 Dynamic Inductive Charging of Road Powered Electric Vehicles

34.4 Design Considerations of Wireless Electric Vehicles

34.5 Summary

Section VI: Control

35: Linear and Nonlinear Control of Switching Power Converters

Abstract

Acknowledgments

35.1 Introduction

35.2 Switching Power Converter Control Using State-Space Averaged Models

35.3 Sliding-Mode Control of Switching Power Converters

35.4 Predictive Optimum Control of Switching Power Converters

35.5 Fuzzy Logic Control of Switching power converters

35.6 Backstepping Control of Switching Power Converters

35.7 Conclusions

36: Fuzzy-Logic Applications in Electric Drives and Power Electronics

Abstract

Acknowledgments

36.1 Introduction

36.2 PI/PD-Like Fuzzy Control Structure

36.3 FNN PI/PD-Like Fuzzy Control Architecture

36.4 Learning Algorithm-Based EKF

36.5 Fuzzy PID Control Design-Based Genetic Optimization

36.6 Classical PID Versus Fuzzy-PID Controller

36.7 Genetic-Based Autotuning of Fuzzy-PID Controller

36.8 Fuzzy and H∞ Control Design

36.9 Fuzzy Control for DC-DC Converters

36.10 Fuzzy Control Design for Switch-Mode Power Converters

36.11 Optimum Topology of the Fuzzy Controller

36.12 Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Control System for DC-DC Converters

36.13 Summary

37: Artificial Neural Network Applications in Power Electronics and Electric Drives

Abstract

37.1 Introduction

37.2 Conventional and Neural Function Approximators

37.3 ANN-Based Estimation in Induction Motor Drives

37.4 ANN-Based Controls in Motor Drives

37.5 ANN-Based Controls in Power Converters

38: Novel AI-Based Soft Computing Applications in Motor Drives

Abstract

38.1 Introduction

38.2 Differences Between GA and PSO and Other Evolutionary Computation Techniques

38.3 Single Objective Genetic Optimization Search Algorithm (SOGA)

38.4 Single Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Search Algorithm (SOPSO)

38.5 Multiobjective Optimization (MOO)

38.6 Multiobjective Genetic Optimization Search Algorithm (MOGA)

38.7 Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Search Algorithm (MOPSO)

38.8 GA and PSO Applications in Speed Control of Motor Drives

38.9 Conclusion

39: DSP-Based Control of Variable Speed Drives

Abstract

39.1 Introduction

39.2 Variable Speed Control of AC Machines

39.3 General Structure of a Three-Phase AC Motor Controller

39.4 DSP-Based Control of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Machines

39.5 DSP-Based Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

39.6 DSP-Based Vector Control of Induction Motors

40: Predictive Control of Power Electronic Converters

Abstract

Acknowledgment

40.1 Introduction

40.2 Theory of Predictive Control

40.3 Types of Predictive Control

40.4 Model Predictive Control for Power Electronics

40.5 MPC Applications in Power Electronic

Section VII: Power Quality and EMI Issues

41: Active Power Filters

Abstract

Acknowledgments

41.1 Introduction

41.2 Types of Active Power Filters

41.3 Series Active Power Filters

41.4 Hybrid Active Power Filters

41.5 Predictive Control in Active Power Filters

42: EMI Effects of Power Converters

Abstract

42.1 Introduction

42.2 Power Converters as Sources of EMI

42.3 Measurements of Conducted EMI

42.4 EMI Filters

42.5 Random Pulse Width Modulation

42.6 Other Means of Noise Suppression

42.7 EMC Standards

43: Power Electronics Standards

Abstract

43.1 Introduction

43.2 General Review of Power Electronics Standards

43.3 Examples of IEEE Power Electronics Standards

43.4 Conclusions

Section VIII: Simulation and Packaging

44: Computer Simulation of Power Electronics and Motor Drives

Abstract

44.1 Introduction

44.2 Use of Simulation Tools for Design and Analysis

44.3 Simulation of Power Electronics Circuits With LTspice

44.4 Simulations of Power Electronic Circuits and Electric Machines

44.5 Simulations of AC Induction Machines Using Field Oriented (Vector) Control

44.6 Simulation of Sensorless Vector Control Using LTspice

44.7 Conclusions

45: Design for Reliability of Power Electronic Systems

Abstract

45.1 Introduction

45.2 Power Electronic Converters and Mission Profiles

45.3 Design for Reliability (DfR) of Power Electronic Systems

45.4 Case Study

45.5 Summary

46: Thermal Modeling and Analysis of Power Electronic Components and Systems

Abstract

46.1 Introduction

46.2 Background

46.3 Semiconductor Device Modelling

46.4 Magnetic Components

46.5 Thermal Conduction

46.6 Convection

46.7 Radiation

46.8 Steady State Thermal Circuit Modeling

46.9 Dynamic Thermal Circuit Modeling

46.10 Approximating Distributed Thermal Behaviour Using Ladder Networks

46.11 Transient Thermal Impedance

46.12 Procedure to Calculate the Transient Thermal Impedance

46.13 Finite Element Numerical Methods

46.14 Dynamic Thermal Equivalent Circuit Models

46.15 Summary

Index

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