A typical data center can have several components, such as the following:

• Networking
• Computing
• UPS
• Transformers
• Generators
• Power supply
• Computer room air conditioning (CRAC) 
• Chiller
• Condenser
• Cooling towers
• Water supply

The following image is a graphical representation of all the components that a data center can have, along with their connections to the IT load:

The evolution of data centers has now reached the fifth generation, with optimizations in energy efficiency based on the evolution of engineering, new technologies, and consolidation.

You can see a video called Discover World Class Security at Microsoft's Datacenters at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1cyTL8JqRg.

If you need to know more about where your data is located, you can go to https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/TrustCenter/Privacy/where-your-data-is-located where you'll find all the information that you need.

Microsoft is constantly expanding its Azure datacenter regions. You can refer to the updated datacenter regions at https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/global-infrastructure/.

You can see the regions of Office 365 by visiting at https://products.office.com/en-us/where-is-your-data-located?geo=All.