deployment between the installation of back-end systems and devices. Consequently, these is-
sues balloon up the cost of building and therefore it becomes harder for users to aord home
automation.
There was also a home gateway which composed of Ethernet and ZigBee networks for home
applications like air pollutant monitoring. This time the issue stemmed from the fact that the
developed solution was unable to provide adequate support for the conventional access point
functionalities. Hence, while the gateway could exchange commands or sense data between
two devices through the internet, it lacked the capability to oer a mobile device having access
to the internet.
In comparison to the existing gateway, the proposed internet of things access point
incorporates the functionalities and features of an AP and a gateway. As a result, they are
providing full Internet capabilities for handheld devices along with decreasing the energy
consumption and hardware expenses. Through the use of the implemented internet of things
access point, users can remotely, automatically, and intelligently control and manage objects in
their homes via smart phones; no additional payment is needed to establish a connection with
the Internet.
There was one system “Cooperative Carrier Signaling: Harmonizing Coexisting WPAN
and WLAN Devices” (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6212485) where a home gateway
was created for UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) and ZigBee networks.
Since there is no support for Wi-Fi access, therefore all the sensors which are embedded in the
home automation system use only UMTS for data transmission. However, this implementation
strategy is quite expensive.
There was a mobile app “IoT gadget control on wireless AP at home” (https://ieeexplore.
ieee.org/document/6940525) that creates a connection for the existing access point and is com-
patible with the Wi-Fi-based home appliances’ remote controls. This communication is highly
reliant on the Wi-Fi protocol and cannot address the standard communication needs which are
required in the internet of things applications as an extensive list of appliances use Bluetooth,
ZigBee, and other communication protocols.
In one home automation solution “Design and implementation of home automation
system” (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/30/29849/01362503.pdf), all the devices needed to
apply the settings for the communication function and define the location having the powerful
GSM signals in order to establish connections with other devices. As a consequence, this system
was quite costly while it also suers from certain location limitations.
In one study “IoT gadget control on wireless AP at home” (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/doc-
ument/6940525), the energy conservation and the local monitoring tasks for healthcare and
biomedical applications were fulfilled with the help of a ZigBee router. Though, it should be
noted that the monitored data is only used when there is a solitary home network and there is a
lack of smart e-home applications for a heterogeneous network.
IoT AP System Architecture
According to this paper, the Wi-Fi and ZigBee protocols have been incorporated in the developed
internet of things access point to ensure the prevention of the signal interference between the
Wi-Fi and ZigBee. This is done by discovering and choosing an idle channel for sending the
command messages. As a consequence, the proposed internet of things access point easily per-
forms the scheduling of the Wi-Fi and ZigBee transmissions and hence is able to prevent signal
interference, thereby getting to create a powerful and eective communication environment.
Chapter 7 IoT Implementation Strategies 181
Internet_of_Things_CH07_pp171-200.indd 181 9/3/2019 10:14:42 AM
In order to create smart life through IoT technologies, the paper discusses the internet of
things access point which is connected with the communication interfaces of Wi-Fi, Ethernet,
and ZigBee.
Access Point Functionality
Smart Phone
Pad
IoT Access Point
Internet
Power Meter
On/Off
Power Switch
Ethernet
ZigBee
·
Alliance
TM
Consider the above figure. It presents a scenario in which the internet of things access point
for smart life is connected with three network types. Ethernet is the first one through which
the access points can connect to the Internet; Wi-Fi is the second one which allows the
access point to connect Internet with the handheld devices and ZigBee is the third one
which consumes lower power and sensors embed it for event detection and environmental
monitoring.
Regardless, it is possible to facilitate multiple network protocols to establish communi-
cation with each other through the use of a conventional access point. Hence, there is a need
for a solution to manage this “heterogeneous” network. In order to make sure that all devices
establish communication with each other, you can design an internet of things access point that
allows three primary uses.
Firstly, it oers data conversion and Internet connection between ZigBee and Wi-Fi
networks. Subsequently, it creates a ZigBee network which can facilitate home devices in
establishing communication with each other through the use of the wireless protocol of
ZigBee. Lastly, it oers a UI control panel through which you can use the Internet to establish
a connection with the internet of things access point and receive the ZigBee device status to
control these devices easily.
ZigBee is known to have transmissions with short ranges and consumes low power. The
ZigBee Alliance has created it this way so engineers do not face compatibility issues. Moreover,
when implemented with IoT applications, ZigBee oers a multitude of advantages which
include low cost and power, safety, reliability, reduced complexity, and extensive support from
network nodes.
182 Internet of Things
Internet_of_Things_CH07_pp171-200.indd 182 9/3/2019 10:14:42 AM
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