Artificial Intelligence is also a branch of computer science that has the goal to build intelligent
machines. Today it has become a very important part of the technology industry. Engineering
is the fundamental of AI research. The machines can only act like humans when they decent
information about the world around us.
Different Types of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence can be classified into many categories. However, we mainly classify them
into two types. We do this classification based on the functionalities and capabilities of AI.
Type 1: Based on the Capabilities of AI
1. Weak AI or Narrow AI: This AI is mainly focused on one narrow task. These are the tasks
which machines with less intelligence are unable to do on their own. However, they can
be programmed or built in a way that they seem smart. For example, a game of poker
where the rules and moves are programmed into the machine before it could function.
Later, by using these instructions the machine could even defeat humans. These weak or
narrow AI could potentially contribute to the development of a strong AI.
2. Strong AI: These are machines that could actually think and perform tasks on their own.
They can mimic human intelligence. However, there is no proper example that would
represent this form of AI. Some of the industry experts are still trying hard to build a strong
AI that could take a decision on its own. So far, the progress is remarkably impressive.
Type 2: Based on the Functionalities of AI
1. Reactive Machines: It is one of the most basic forms. However, this AI doesn’t have
access to past memory and cannot utilize that information for future operations. It just
takes decision based on the inputs. The IBM chess program would be a good example.
2. Limited Memory: These AI systems have access to past memory to take future decision
based on them. Self-driving cars are the best example of this type of AI. These cars can
automatically drive themselves, avoid obstacles, maintain lanes, and follow traffic rules.
All of this is done by observing the environment around the car and steer accordingly.
However, these observations are not saved permanently instead they are used instantly.
3. Theory of Mind: This type of AI is capable of understanding people’s thoughts,
emotions, beliefs, and expectations. They are even able to interact socially with humans
and other AI. However, a lot of improvement is needed in the development of such AI.
4. Self-awareness: This type of AI is perhaps the most intelligent AI of all. This AI could
have its own conscious, self-awareness, and sentient. In other words, it is almost a
complete human being. However, this kind of AI still doesn’t exist among us. If such AI
gets created, then it is said to be the greatest achievement of mankind.
How do we develop such intelligent AI?
There are dierent ways by which we can develop such intelligent AI; some of them are
as follows:
1. Machine Learning: This method is used to define a target (goal) along with the steps
to reach this target. Then the machine itself learns to reach the target by training itself
(through experience). For example: to understand the simple difference of color between
an apple and orange. Instead of explicitly specifying the details and coding it, just like we
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