Layer 1 (Physical Devices)
The first layer is concerned with the controllers and physical equipment which is used to control
devices. These are popularly known as “Things” in the Internet of Things jargon. These devices
send and receive data. This data can include a description of the device status or information
from the sensors. This information might be then processed by a local controller and trans-
mitted with the help of NFC. When IoT devices are connected via a network, they can convert
analog data to digital data.
Layer 2 (Connectivity)
This layer is concerned with the relay of data which is communicated between devices via mul-
tiple dierent networks. This layer is used to execute the following tasks.
It is used to set up a connection with the first layer devices.
It is used for trustable delivery throughout the network.
It is used to implement dierent device compatible protocols.
It is used for routing and switching.
It is used to translate for protocols.
It serves as an added protection measure for the network.
It is used for networking analytics.
Layer 3 (Edge Computing)
In order to ensure that the fourth layer understands all the datasets, the edge computing layer is
responsible for data formatting. This layer can perform the following tasks.
It can filter data.
It can clean up data.
It can aggregate data.
It can provide evaluation for validation so data can be processed by the fourth layer.
It is used to reformat data so it can help in more complex and higher-level
computations.
It is used for expanding and decoding.
It is used to compress data so its impact on data and trac is reduced for the network.
It is used to generate events for any alerts.
Layer 4 (Data Accumulation)
The data from the sensor is constantly changing. Therefore, the fourth layer is tasked to convert
it. This layer maintains the data in a format that is extremely accessible. After data is filtered
through this layer, a lot of data is decreased.
Layer 5 (Data Abstraction)
The fifth layer uses all the important data that is used to follow certain properties of the stored
data. It then provides the data to the application layer so it can process further. The objective of
this layer is to render data along with its storage with such a strategy that can help developers to
write easier applications.
84 Internet of Things
Internet_of_Things_CH04_pp081-104.indd 84 9/3/2019 10:13:30 AM
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