BOTNETS
A botnet is a group of computers which have been hacked without the knowledge of their
owners. These devices are then exploited by cybercriminals to carry out their nefarious deeds.
various ways. For example, they can use a
ransomware campaign to lock critical data
and ask for ransom in return. Likewise,
they create malware and rent it in order to
earn large sums of money.
• They are backed by other countries. In the
past few years, the emergence of cyber
warfare means that several high-profile
cyber attacks have their origins located to
other countries.
Connection
Infected Machine
(Bot/zombie)
Cybercriminal
(Botmaster)
Command and
Control Server (C2)
Malware
Distribution
Botnet
Spam
Email
Infected
Websites
Social media
posts
2
Infection
1
Control
4
Multiplication
3
Botnets can be divided into two categories.
• A standard botnet is one in which several servers or computers are compromised.
These compromised devices are popularly known as Zombies. The hacked devices
are corrupted with the help of a virus through which the cybercriminals take charge
and force the devices to execute multiple actions. In order to control this hardware,
the cybercriminals use a covert medium like peer-to-peer or IRC (internet relay chat).
Subsequently, they create commands to propagate processes such as spam emails,
identity theft, or DDoS (distributed denial of service).
• An IoT botnet is one in which the non-conventional internet-connected devices are
compromised. These include routers, wearables, cameras, DVRs, and similar embedded
devices which are hacked by a virus. The virus then facilitates the cybercriminals to take
the charge and control of these devices, similar to the traditional botnet. After an IoT
device is added into the botnet, it continuously aims to fish for new victims until they
are not secured again. Usually, a traditional botnet can contain devices in thousands
while the IoT trap is much bigger in scale; hundreds of thousands of devices can be at
peril with a single botnet campaign.
272 Internet of Things
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